Deliberate self-harm among pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China:A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND For children and adolescents,deliberate self-harm(DSH)is becoming a mental health problem of concern.Despite several studies on the prevalence and factors of DSH in the world,there is little information on DSH among children and adolescents in China.This study explores the prevalence,types,associated risk factors and tendency of DSH in pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China.AIM To understand the situation of DSH among hospitalized children and adolescents and its related factors.METHODS In this study,we retrospectively studied 1414 hospitalized children and adolescents with mental illness at Xiamen Mental Health Center from 2014 to 2019,extracted the demographic and clinical data of all patients,and analyzed clinical risk factors of DSH.RESULTS A total of 239(16.90%)patients engaged in at least one type of DSH in our study.Cutting(n=115,48.12%)was the most common type of DSH.Females(n=171,71.55%)were more likely to engage in DSH than males(n=68,28.45%).DSH was positively associated with depressive disorders[OR=3.845(2.196-6.732);P<0.01],female[OR=2.536(1.815-3.542);P<0.01],parental marital status[OR=5.387(2.254-12.875);P<0.01]and negative family history of psychiatric illness[OR=7.767(2.952-20.433);P<0.01],but not with occupation,substance use and history of physical abuse.CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that for patients with depression,females,an abnormal marriage of parents,and no history of mental illness,attention should be paid to the occurrence of DSH.

Strategic deliberation on development of low-carbon energy system in China

In recent years, there have been considerable developments in energy provision with the growing improvements in energy supply security and support systems in China. However, China's energy system continues to retain a high-carbon feature where coal dominates energy production and consumption, which has led to the rapid growth of greenhouse gas emissions and associated serious environmental pollution. It has therefore become an important task for China to consider how to promote the low-carbon development of energy system. This paper summarized the basic trends and challenges for development of low-carbon energy system in China and studied the primary energy consumption and carbon emissions in different scenarios at 10-year intervals between 2010 and 2050. The analysis showed that controlling coal consumption will have an important influence on the control of total carbon emissions and of carbon emission peaking; promotion of non-fossil fuel energies will offer a growing contribution to a low-carbon transition in the medium and long term; the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage will play a key role in realizing a deep decarbonization pathway, particularly after 2030; and the establishment of a low-carbon power system is crucial for the achievement of low-carbon energy transition. Finally, the strategic considerations and policy suggestions on the development of low-carbon energy systems in China are explored.

Concept Clarification of Moral Case Deliberation

Background: Health care professionals have encountered ethically difficult situations for decades in their clinical practice. Various clinical ethics support has been established in order to deal with these issues. Moral case deliberation is a new developed approach that deliberates over ethically difficult cases in clinical practice. However, there is lack of knowledge that describes the characteristics of the moral case deliberation and how this differs to related clinical ethics support where a concept analysis may clarify the differences. Aim: To analyse the concept of moral case deliberation and related concepts. Methods: Integrative literature review. Rodger’s evolutionary view of concept analysis has been used for clarification of the concept. Using specific keywords in the databases, searching for peer-reviewed academic paper published in English between 1995-2017 in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, Psych Info, Academic Search Elite and AMED. Results: Moral case deliberation (MCD) was defined as an approach with four specific characteristics: 1) Perspective sharing via dialogue, 2) training moral awareness, 3) moral emotional deliberation, and 4) moral support and joint learning. The presence of a facilitator who is trained in a specific method for the MCD reflection seemed to be important when stimulating the discussion from a patient perspective. Conclusions: Clarify the concept of moral case deliberation can be useful for healthcare professionals when choosing a facilitate-base reflection. Through a mutual dialogue and perspective sharing can MCD train staff members in moral awareness, create a space for emotions to be expressed and finally work as an platform for joint learning.

Deliberative Governance as an Instrumental Mechanism: A Study of Different Types of Environmental Deliberations

Deliberative governance of environmental issues indicates that environmental governance has undergone a transformation from relying on government authority for solutions to reaching consensus among participants.This can be regarded as an important strategy for the structural transformation of China’s environmental governance.In this paper,the practices of environmental deliberation in China are classified into four types by the attributes of environmental issues and the relationships of participants as:response-,autonomy-,consultation-,and supervision-based.On the basis of the government’s interests and motives to engage in environmental deliberations,we analyze its practice orientations from five perspectives:scope of issues,functions,participants,procedures,and methods.Then we point out that environmental deliberations have both public and instrumental governance motives,but the governance motive,which aims for governance effectiveness and social control,is more conspicuous.We further conclude that the value pursuit of deliberative democracy for public reasons is to some extent replaced by an instrumental deliberative motive that intends to address specific environmental issues,standardize public participation orderliness,safeguard social harmony and stability,strengthen organizational functions,provide consultation on environmental policies,and promote the implementation of those policies.

A DELIBERATION ON SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA AND ON THE READJUSTMENT OF CONSTITUTIONAL DISCIPLINES IN THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

The CAS, as a national comprehensive research and development (R&D) center for natural science and high technology with numerous researchers of a high quality in almost all disciplines, plays a decisive role in the development of this country’s science and technology. Based on the trend of China’s development in the period of its Ninth Five-Year Plan and in the next century, this article analyzes the trends of science and technology of China in combination with the current readjustment in the constitution of science disciplines in the CAS.

Deliberate Metaphor in Political Discourse——Based on Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Discourse

Since Steen proposed the theory of deliberate metaphor, many scholars have studied this linguistic phenomenon from different perspectives. Deliberate metaphor, based on language and cognition, introduces communication into metaphor research and can be seen as an extension of conceptual metaphor. Deliberate metaphor is essentially a discourse strategy, which uses metaphorical expressions to make listeners consciously compare the target domain with the source domain and establish an online cross-domain mapping. In view of this, the author takes Xi Jinping’s diplomatic speeches published in FMA as research corpora, and systematically analyzes how deliberate metaphors play their persuasive and communicative functions in political discourse, and finally delves into whether deliberate nature in political metaphors affects people’s attitudes and beliefs, thus conducting cross fusion research on cognitive rhetoric and political discourse.

Group Buying Broker of Shanghai:Deliberate Metaphors in Shanghai’s COVID-19 News Reports

The outbreak in Shanghai,China in 2022 brought huge challenges to this protracted battle against the epidemic.Based on the deliberate metaphor theory,this study uses the news reports of Shanghai’s fight against the COVID-19 pandemic as the corpus and uses quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the types and characteristics of deliberate metaphors and its pragmatic purpose in a specific context.The results show that there are various types used in news reports,among which War metaphor,Climate metaphor and Education metaphor are used more.The deliberate metaphors makes the news more understandable attractively and pleasantly,thus evoking the emotional resonance of the public.

自我效能感对大学生体育学习投入的影响:有调节的中介效应

目的:基于自我效能感理论和学习投入理论探讨自我效能感、主动反刍和自主性动机对大学生体育学习投入的影响机制。方法:采用问卷调查法、数理统计法,基于自我效能感量表、学习投入量表、主动反刍分量表和自主性动机分量表,以2 754名本科在校大学生为被试,运用Mplus 8.3进行数据回归分析。结果:(1)自我效能感正向预测了大学生体育学习投入(β=0.405,t=13.639,P<0.01);主动反刍正向预测了大学生体育学习投入(β=0.519,t=21.395,P<0.01)。(2)主动反刍在自我效能感与大学生体育学习投入路径中发挥部分中介效应(β=0.210, 95%CI[0.178,0.244],P<0.01)。(3)自主性动机正向调节了自我效能感对主动反刍的作用效应(β=0.297,SE=0.049,t=5.994,P<0.01),同时正向调节了主动反刍对体育学习投入的作用效应(β=0.241,SE=0.712,t=3.386,P<0.01)。结论:自我效能感、主动反刍和自主性动机是大学体育学习投入的重要预测因素;自我效能感不仅能够直接正向预测大学生体育学习投入水平,还可以在自主性动机的调节下,通过主动反刍间接正向预测大学生体育学习投入。因此,提升自我效能感、激发自主性动机和养成积极主动的反刍思维是干预大学生体育学习投入的有效策略,对提升大学生体育学习投入水平具有现实意义。

能源危机政治漫画中蓄意隐喻的批评分析——以“健康与疾病”多模态隐喻场景为例

本文基于蓄意隐喻理论,构建批评隐喻场景分析框架,以能源危机漫画中的“健康与疾病”隐喻场景为例,考察多模态转喻、隐喻及叙事如何通过互动,建构危机中相关行为体的角色及相互关系,蓄意传达其社会交际功能。语料分析表明,该类漫画主要构建了三类蓄意隐喻场景:吸毒场景、治疗场景和伤亡场景,分别对应于危机话语修辞策略中的归因策略、应对策略和趋近化策略,讽刺批评欧盟在能源问题上的错误定位、荒唐应对和灾难后果。在认知机制上,该类漫画充分调动隐喻和转喻,借助场景中的角色关系、行为、后果等叙事要素,把危机置于个体生命框架进行反讽式建构,形象抨击危机相关行为体。但该类漫画仍囿于西方中心立场,对欧洲能源供应方相关国家进行妖魔化建构,体现了西方定势思维对隐喻选择和场景设置的操控。本文的批评蓄意隐喻分析,有助于进一步推动多模态认知研究与批评话语分析的融合,也可为新兴的能源话语研究提供一个新的研究视角。

智库与参政党职能有效耦合的现实图景与未来展望——以民盟启真智库为例

[目的/意义]在中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度背景下,我国参政党参政议政职能实现程度,是其与中国特色新型智库有效耦合的着力点,也是新时代中国特色社会主义民主政治的重要考量因素。[方法/过程]本文探讨智库赋能参政党的理论依据,构建基于政策网络理论的分析框架,以民盟启真智库为研究案例,剖析智库与参政党职能有效耦合的内在机理。[结果/结论]研究发现,智库在助力参政党履行参政议政职能方面有着不可替代的优势,而参政党可在一定程度上弥补智库功能发挥的制约性因素,两者基于基本原则、智力供给方式与影响渠道等的方向一致性,呈现出“嵌入式”耦合模式,并有望通过增强协作关系、打破体制障碍、打造品牌产品等方面从嵌入式模式转化为合作伙伴关系模式进而提升两者耦合效应。

浅谈基于刻意练习理念的模拟医学教育策略

刻意练习能够有效地实现学习目标,并提供基于循证的知识和技能获取技术,是当前医学教育的研究热点之一。本文从基于刻意练习理念模拟医学教育策略的原理、方法及应用情况进行初步探讨,以期为我国医学院校实施教育改革、提高教学质量提供借鉴与参考。

多模态蓄意隐喻场景的关联性研究——以针对大学生的防诈骗宣传漫画为例

整合蓄意隐喻理论、多模态隐喻场景理论和关联理论,构建了多模态蓄意隐喻场景的关联性分析框架。基于这一框架,对防诈骗宣传漫画进行关联性分析。研究发现:(1)漫画主要构建了诱捕、假冒和束缚三类蓄意隐喻场景,分别聚焦于诈骗手段、诈骗者身份和受骗者处境的概念化;(2)在与受众的关联性上,假冒场景最容易实现信息层面上的最佳关联,而束缚场景则最容易实现交际层面上的最佳关联;(3)部分场景存在图—文隐喻靶域信息明示不足、图像使用偏离受众的认知环境以及文字大小和排版不合理等问题,这导致它们未能与受众建立最佳关联。期望能够拓展多模态认知语用研究的理论和应用视阈,并为公共宣传漫画的创制和识解提供实证参考。

蓄意隐喻理论视角下疫情歌曲的创作路径研究

蓄意隐喻是疫情歌曲中的常见现象,通过明喻、暗喻、规约隐喻、新奇隐喻以及其他语言和修辞手段呈现,往往依赖转喻构成认知的基础,集语言、思维和交际功能于一身,在疫情期间和后疫情时代发挥了引导、规劝、疗愈的积极作用。在创作疫情歌曲时,创作者可以围绕创作意图,选取特定转喻符号构建蓄意隐喻和其他认知结构,在完成歌曲构思后,选择恰当的话语形式呈现蓄意隐喻和其他认知结构,这样的创作路径更能引起听众的共情。

审议促监督的转化机制——以Y市空间规划监督工作为例

人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度,各级人民政府由人大产生,对人大负责,受人大监督。人大监督是规制现代政府公权力,避免其异化的重要环节。既有研究重在监督权力的配置与归属,研究对象较为传统,监督工具的缺失致使监督权力的运行过程还较为模糊。审议是地方人大对规划行政实施监督的重要工具,然而从工具的使用到监督效能的转化,其过程机制还有待揭示。为此,文章以Y市为基础,以访谈文本的扎根分析为依托,对审议全过程进行研究。研究发现,现阶段人大对规划的审议,更多表现为工具理性,监督价值有待引入。地方人大要实现对空间规划的有效监督必须考虑审议议题、审议程序和审议结果三要素,并且让审议三要素分别在压力机制、追责机制和赋能机制的主导下发挥效用。

构建医院“三重一大”集体决策流程评分体系研究

本研究以文献研究、专家咨询为基础,通过对上海市8所市级医院开展深度访谈,全面梳理“三重一大”决策流程各关键环节和特色经验,最终聚焦“前期论证”“沟通酝酿”“协调督办”等9个主要环节构建评分体系,确定25项评分指标,实现“三重一大”集体决策流程的量化与评估。通过评分积累,有针对性地解决个性化科室问题与共性化薄弱环节;通过持续梳理改进、良性循环,强化“三重一大”过程管理和反馈机制建设,推进民主科学决策规范化开展。

考虑顽固者影响的群体决策意见协调动力学模型

本文基于Török等人针对维基百科编辑所提出的冲突动力学模型,对其泛化构筑针对大群体决策的个体间意见交流与集体议案演化两个过程耦合的群体决策意见协调动力学模型框架,并在此基础上引入顽固者的因素探索具体的意见协调动态机理,分析结果显示了包含顽固者的决策者群体所呈现的丰富系统演化模式。系统的动力学模式主要由参与者对不同意见的宽容度即交流阈值以及决策者群体中顽固者数量、激活率及意见极端度等因素决定。在共识与“间歇冲突”的临界区域,动力学模式随着集体议案的意见初值的变化反复跃迁。

融合目标端上下文的篇章神经机器翻译

神经机器翻译在句子级翻译任务上取得了令人瞩目的效果,但是句子级翻译的译文会存在一致性、指代等篇章问题,篇章翻译通过利用上下文信息来解决上述问题。不同于以往使用源端上下文建模的方法,该文提出了融合目标端上下文信息的篇章神经机器翻译。具体地,该文借助推敲网络的思想,对篇章源端进行二次翻译,第一次基于句子级翻译,第二次翻译参考了全篇的第一次翻译结果。基于LDC中英篇章数据集和WMT英德篇章数据集的实验结果表明,在引入较少的参数的条件下,该文方法能显著提高翻译性能。同时,随着第一次翻译(即句子级译文)质量的提升,所提方法也更有效。

公共价值创造的“协商-共识”过程模型

政策环境的多元价值属性对决策者提出挑战,如何超越具体价值分歧并在实践中创造公共价值,是公共价值研究领域的一个重要课题。聚焦政策冲突情境,通过引入协商式政策分析的核心思路,构建了公共价值创造的“协商-共识”过程模型。该模型包括主体参与、协商对话、寻求共识三个关键环节。在特定外部环境与条件以及专业支持和辅助下,有分歧的相关方有望实现公共价值创造,为政策合法化和政策执行奠定基础。这一过程可在多种场域中实现。选取美国枪支管控和北京市某胡同修缮整治两个案例,初步验证了“协商-共识”过程模型在公共价值创造实践中的解释力和可行性。中美两国的差异化国情也表明“协商-共识”过程模型在不同制度环境中都有参考价值。

政治性与公共善--基于亚里士多德《政治学》的考察

重新审视亚里士多德关于政治动物和政治共同体的论述,可以发现人所特有的自然政治性并非当代社群主义所理解的对在先的共同体公共善的积极参与和奉献,而是为了好生活的目的用语言揭示什么是善好和正义。城邦的公共善是在一种既非直觉感知共同体的目的,也非讨价还价和相互妥协不同利益的“政治地行动”中实现的,即在审议和说服的过程中将人们关于善好和正义相互冲突的主张,汇聚成一个全体公民都能接受的判断和决定。人的自然政治性包括与动物共有的政治性和人所特有的政治性,后者与城邦作为政治的共同体具有紧密的对应关系,不宜将人的政治性宽泛地运用在家庭等共同体,从而模糊家庭和城邦的区别以及“政治性”本身所具有的规范性意义。

论公司决议程序瑕疵轻微的认定

裁量驳回规则的引入意味着轻微的程序瑕疵不会导致决议被撤销,但对于程序瑕疵轻微的认定,争议较大,存在相关性说、潜在影响说和表决权比例说等观点。问题的回答应当回归公司决议程序的历史缘起、理论基础和功能。公司决议程序缘起于政治民主领域,是对政治决议程序的迁移和模仿。政治决议程序以商谈和对话为核心,旨在构建理性商谈环境。理性商谈环境本质上则意味着观点和理由具有在参会成员间自由形成和自由交换的可能性。所以,公司决议程序瑕疵轻微的判断应以瑕疵是否实质影响公司决议程序意欲构造的理性商谈环境为标准,即是否破坏观点和理由在参会成员间自由形成和自由交换的可能性。程序瑕疵可通过公司自动补正和成员认可而被治愈。公司决议程序瑕疵轻微的举证责任应当倒置。应当统一解释“轻微瑕疵”和“对决议未产生实质影响”。应当将程序瑕疵的范围从“召集程序”和“表决方式”类推解释至“议事程序”。