Energy storage technologies, which enable demand response, are being explored throughout the world as a component of strategies for switching to renewable intermittent energy sources and reducing peak loads. This stud...Energy storage technologies, which enable demand response, are being explored throughout the world as a component of strategies for switching to renewable intermittent energy sources and reducing peak loads. This study examines thermal storage refrigeration (TSR) technology as a case study for the potential value of demand response in California and Denmark. Using technical specifications from a TSR prototype developed at UC Davis and market data from California and Denmark, the analysis examines possible business models for the TSR refrigerators and highlights market characteristics that are important to its adoption. Results suggest that the TSR technology is not a viable option in the current market environment in Denmark, but could payback in less than 6 years in California if a part of a demand response based virtual power plant. In a hypothetical future scenario involving real-time pricing in the retail market, a high degree of price volatility would be needed to make TSR technology appealing to residential consumers. Based on this analysis, an interesting area of future work would focus on the market potential of TSR technology for commercial and industrial applications.展开更多
With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This st...With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.展开更多
This paper contributes to the well-known challenge of active user participation in demand side management(DSM).In DSM, there is a need for modern pricing mechanisms that will be able to effectively incentivize selfish...This paper contributes to the well-known challenge of active user participation in demand side management(DSM).In DSM, there is a need for modern pricing mechanisms that will be able to effectively incentivize selfishly behaving users in modifying their energy consumption pattern towards system-level goals like energy efficiency.Three generally desired properties of DSM algorithms are: user satisfaction, energy cost minimization and fairness.In this paper, a personalized real-time pricing(P-RTP) mechanism design framework is proposed that fairly allocates the energy cost reduction only to the users that provoke it.Thus, the proposed mechanism achieves significant reduction of the energy cost without sacrificing at all the welfare(user satisfaction)of electricity consumers.The business model that the proposed mechanism envisages is highly competitive flexibility market environments as well as energy cooperatives.展开更多
负荷侧灵活性资源协同源侧多模式供热有利于电热综合能源系统低碳运行,为缓解“三北”地区“风热冲突”现象、提高风电消纳量从而降低系统碳排放量提出一种计及电热需求响应的光热-电热综合能源系统源荷协调经济调度模型。源侧通过配备...负荷侧灵活性资源协同源侧多模式供热有利于电热综合能源系统低碳运行,为缓解“三北”地区“风热冲突”现象、提高风电消纳量从而降低系统碳排放量提出一种计及电热需求响应的光热-电热综合能源系统源荷协调经济调度模型。源侧通过配备储热装置的光热电站(Concentrated Solar Power,CSP)和电加热装置(Electric Heater,EH)协同热电联产机组(Combined Heat and Power,CHP)供热在一定程度上解耦其“以热定电”工作模式,网侧建立了稳态电热潮流,荷侧计及电热需求响应,模型的综合优化目标考虑了系统总运行成本、弃风惩罚成本及碳交易成本。基于改进的IEEE30电网与6节点热网系统对所建立模型进行仿真,算例结果表明源荷协调运行可有效降低系统总调度成本、提高风电并网发电量及减少系统碳排放量。展开更多
文摘Energy storage technologies, which enable demand response, are being explored throughout the world as a component of strategies for switching to renewable intermittent energy sources and reducing peak loads. This study examines thermal storage refrigeration (TSR) technology as a case study for the potential value of demand response in California and Denmark. Using technical specifications from a TSR prototype developed at UC Davis and market data from California and Denmark, the analysis examines possible business models for the TSR refrigerators and highlights market characteristics that are important to its adoption. Results suggest that the TSR technology is not a viable option in the current market environment in Denmark, but could payback in less than 6 years in California if a part of a demand response based virtual power plant. In a hypothetical future scenario involving real-time pricing in the retail market, a high degree of price volatility would be needed to make TSR technology appealing to residential consumers. Based on this analysis, an interesting area of future work would focus on the market potential of TSR technology for commercial and industrial applications.
基金supported by State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Company Science and Technology Project“Research on key technologies of carbon tracking and carbon evaluation for new power system”(Grant:520530230005)。
文摘With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the SOCIALENERGY Project (No.731767)
文摘This paper contributes to the well-known challenge of active user participation in demand side management(DSM).In DSM, there is a need for modern pricing mechanisms that will be able to effectively incentivize selfishly behaving users in modifying their energy consumption pattern towards system-level goals like energy efficiency.Three generally desired properties of DSM algorithms are: user satisfaction, energy cost minimization and fairness.In this paper, a personalized real-time pricing(P-RTP) mechanism design framework is proposed that fairly allocates the energy cost reduction only to the users that provoke it.Thus, the proposed mechanism achieves significant reduction of the energy cost without sacrificing at all the welfare(user satisfaction)of electricity consumers.The business model that the proposed mechanism envisages is highly competitive flexibility market environments as well as energy cooperatives.
文摘负荷侧灵活性资源协同源侧多模式供热有利于电热综合能源系统低碳运行,为缓解“三北”地区“风热冲突”现象、提高风电消纳量从而降低系统碳排放量提出一种计及电热需求响应的光热-电热综合能源系统源荷协调经济调度模型。源侧通过配备储热装置的光热电站(Concentrated Solar Power,CSP)和电加热装置(Electric Heater,EH)协同热电联产机组(Combined Heat and Power,CHP)供热在一定程度上解耦其“以热定电”工作模式,网侧建立了稳态电热潮流,荷侧计及电热需求响应,模型的综合优化目标考虑了系统总运行成本、弃风惩罚成本及碳交易成本。基于改进的IEEE30电网与6节点热网系统对所建立模型进行仿真,算例结果表明源荷协调运行可有效降低系统总调度成本、提高风电并网发电量及减少系统碳排放量。
