Demography and Socio-Economic Aspects on Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and Their Association with the Cultivation of Maize (Zea mays L.) as a Selected Field Crop

The purpose of this study is to correlate demography and socio-economic aspects at Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and their association with the Cultivation of Maize in order to determine its positive impacts at irrigated smallholders’ agricultural entrepreneurs’ household. Chi-square test was used as descriptive analysis method. The Fischer Exact tests were employed to test demography (gender, age, education, and income) in winter and summer production season of irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprises and their association with the cultivation of selected field crop (i.e. maize). The results show that gender results were not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.149, p = 0.011, and φ = 0.05, p = 0.392 in summer. As far as age is concern, it appears to be a statistically significant association between cultivating maize and age in winter, φ = 0.046, p = 0.730 in winter and φ = 0.172, p = 0.013. Education winter result not being statistically significant, the effect size showed a weak association, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.112, p = 0.305 and φ = 0.035, p = 0.948 in summer. Income result not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.049, p = 0.399 and φ = 0.081, p = 0.166 in summer. In conclusion, the study shows that the development of best management practices must be based on a comprehensive analysis of the livelihoods and irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprise farming styles of participating irrigated smallholder agricultural entrepreneurs.

青年强则国强:青年人口学前瞻与优化青年人口发展

从当年梁启超发出历史呼号“少年强则国强”、李大钊提出“青春中华之创造”到如今党的二十大报告发出时代强音“青年强,则国家强”,显示了一脉相承的青少年与国家发展联系紧密的认识逻辑。本文回顾和界定了青年及青年人口学的内涵,认为青年可定义为“风险型人口”和“资源型人口”两大类,继而讨论了“青年强”的三重含义,即青年人口储备充足、青年人口素质卓越和青年人口红利丰厚,充分诠释了“青年强,则国家强”时代命题的深刻内涵。概言之,人尽其才则“青年强”,才尽其用则“国家强”。本文从国际比较的视角阐述了我国青年人口发展面临的问题和挑战,突出表现为:中国未来青年人口数量将长期处于缩减状态;青年人口的科学文化素质、身体健康素质和思想素质都有待“提质增效”;就业不充分,青年人口红利没有被充分释放。因此,要优化青年人口发展、进一步增强青年力量,采取相应的对策来强化青年人口储备、优化青年人口素质、极化青年人口红利、激发全人口活力。在人口负增长时代,建设适宜青年生存与发展的青年友好型社会极为必要,把解决青年问题作为解决低生育率等社会人口问题的重要突破口迫在眉睫。

清代文官的组织人口学研究(1830—1911)

中国历史官员量化数据库——(清)缙绅录(CGED-Q JSL)中文官的纵向关联记录揭示了19世纪清代文官整体的职业动态。定量分析的结果表明,清代官僚系统的总体情况就像一个当代的大型组织,文官离职率在任职的第一年内很高,然后下降,之后趋于稳定。19世纪下半叶,官员的离职率整体下降,但于清末十年中上升。官员离职率下降导致拥有功名的候缺待补官员群体谋求仕途和进一步晋升的机会不断减少。同时,异途官员的人数不断增加,加剧了官场竞争。不同类别、品级官员的职业动态在不同历史时期的变化趋势差异较大,尤其是高品级官员的离职率对清代后期的官场平衡具有深刻影响。清代文官的职业动态一方面揭示了清代文官组织人口学的基本特征,另一方面也为解释清代特定官员群体或特定时期的官员个案研究提供了重要参考。

Incidence and Survivability of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients in the United States: Analysis of SEER Data Set from 2000-2019

The main goal of this research is to assess the impact of race, age at diagnosis, sex, and phenotype on the incidence and survivability of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) among patients in the United States. By taking these factors into account, the study aims to explore how existing cancer registry data can aid in the early detection and effective treatment of ALL in patients. Our hypothesis was that statistically significant correlations exist between race, age at which patients were diagnosed, sex, and phenotype of the ALL patients, and their rate of incidence and survivability data were evaluated using SEER*Stat statistical software from National Cancer Institute. Analysis of the incidence data revealed that a higher prevalence of ALL was among the Caucasian population. The majority of ALL cases (59%) occurred in patients aged between 0 to 19 years at the time of diagnosis, and 56% of the affected individuals were male. The B-cell phenotype was predominantly associated with ALL cases (73%). When analyzing survivability data, it was observed that the 5-year survival rates slightly exceeded the 10-year survival rates for the respective demographics. Survivability rates of African Americans patients were the lowest compared to Caucasian, Asian, Pacific Islanders, Alaskan Native, Native Americans and others. Survivability rates progressively decreased for older patients. Moreover, this study investigated the typical treatment methods applied to ALL patients, mainly comprising chemotherapy, with occasional supplementation of radiation therapy as required. The study demonstrated the considerable efficacy of chemotherapy in enhancing patients’ chances of survival, while those who remained untreated faced a less favorable prognosis from the disease. Although a significant amount of data and information exists, this study can help doctors in the future by diagnosing patients with certain characteristics. It will further assist the health care professionals in screening potential patients and early detection of cases. This could also save the lives of elderly patients who have a higher mortality rate from this disease.

矿工安全态度与煤矿险兆事件影响关系研究

为进一步提升煤矿事故防控水平,探明矿工安全态度和人口学变量对煤矿险兆事件的影响关系。在文献调研安全态度、人口学变量和险兆事件各子维度的基础上,以矿工安全态度量表(Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, SAQ)、煤矿险兆事件量表(Near-Miss Questionnaire, NMQ)作为研究工具,综合运用单因素方差分析、皮尔逊相关性分析及分层回归的方法,开展矿工安全态度和人口学变量对煤矿险兆事件的影响关系研究。结果表明:年龄对险兆事件认知、识别的影响较弱,矿工经历险兆事件数量对险兆事件认知有弱影响关系;安全态度对险兆事件及险兆事件认知、识别存在显著正向影响,管理层安全承诺、班组安全氛围和工作压力正向影响险兆事件的部分子维度。

不同人口学特征住院患者就医服务需求现状调研

目的调查不同人口学特征的住院患者就医服务需求现状,为提供个性化医疗服务提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法选取四川省3家三甲综合医院2022年12月—2023年5月3070名住院患者满意度问卷调查数据,对患者满意度得分及条目进行统计学分析。结果在年龄、学历、支付方式、就诊科室类别中,患者满意度得分差异具有统计学意义,不同性别满意度得分差异无统计学意义。针对具体条目,不同人口学特征的患者在医护沟通、回应及时性、病房环境与标识、疼痛管理、用药沟通、膳食服务、对待亲友态度、出入院手续办理等条目满意率差异具有统计学意义。结论不同人口学特征的住院患者对医院诊疗服务关注点不同,提供针对性改进和个性化服务,有利于增加患者就医获得感,提高住院患者满意度。

Demography of the threatened endemic shrub, Arbutus pavarii,in the Al-Akhdar mountainous landscape of Libya

We sampled twenty populations of the vulnera- ble endemic shrub or tree, Arbutus pavarii Pampan., at different elevations and aspects within the A1-Akhdar mountainous region of Libya. Our sampling sites were at elevations ranging from 285 to 738 m above sea level, and several different habitats： vallies （locally known as wadis）, north- and south-facing slopes, and mountaintops. All individuals within each quadrat were studied. Population size and structure, and plant functional traits were assessed. None of the populations had a stable distribution of size classes. Some consisted mostly of small plants, with little or no fruit production; others consisted only of mid-sized and large plants, with high fruit production, but no juvenile recruitment. There was a significant increase in percent cover with increasing elevation; reproductive output （the number of fruits per branch and total number of fruits per individual） also generally increased with elevation. In some of these populations the lack of recruitment, and in others the failure to produce fruit, together constituted serious demographic threats. In light of these results, recommen- dations are made for conservation of this vulnerable endemic species.

Landscape alteration affects the demography of an endangered avian predator by reducing the habitat quality

Habitat transformation is identified as major threat to biodiversity loss globally,affecting threatened raptors.Changes in land use can alter the abundance and distribution of birds of prey by affecting habitat availability and quality.In this study,we used multivariate analyses to investigate the effect of habitat alteration on the demography of a declining Eastern Imperial Eagle(Aqufla heliaca),making assumptions for future population trajectories.We used the Generalized Linear Mixed Models with Poisson distribution and Log link function,searching a relationship between the demographic parameters and the landscape structure and possible effects of fragmentation.In our study area,habitat change affected dramatically permanent grasslands,shrinking their availability.As we expected,the share of grasslands in eagles’territories significantly affected occupancy rate,but not productivity and breeding frequency.We found that occupancy rate decreased significantly,while productivity and breeding frequency showed no trend.Modeling the effect of habitat alteration on Eastern Imperial Eagle demography,we found out that territory quality was a more powerful factor driving the response of a top predator to the alteration of favorite foraging habitats.Only the habitat quality in source territories had a significant positive effect on eagle productivity.We found that simple rules to predict adverse agricultural impact on territory abandonment or breeding productivity of a top predator were not reliable.Our results could be used for planning conservation of other large territorial raptors,facing the same type of threat.

Expected adult lifespan in tropical trees: Long-term matrix demography in a large plot

Background: Documenting the entire lifetime of long-lived organisms requires splicing together short-term observations. Matrix demography provides a tool to calculate lifetime statistics, but large samples from juvenile to adult are needed, and few such studies have been done in tropical trees because high species diversity limits sample sizes. The 50-ha plot at Barro Colorado in Panama was designed to provide large samples, and with 30years of censuses, accurate population matrices can be constructed.Methods: In 31 abundant species, I divided all individuals≥1 cm dbh into 4 or 5 size class in each of seven censuses. Movements of stems between size classes over two censuses are termed transitions, and I constructed complete transition matrices for each species. From the matrices, I derived analytic solutions for lifetime demographic statistics. Expected adult lifespan from the sapling stage was the key statistic.Results: Expected adult lifespan from the sapling stage varied 100-fold over the 31 species, from 0.5 to 50 years,and maturation time varied from 19 to nearly 200 years. Species with the highest growth rates also had high death rates, and theoretical calculations of reproductive lifespan show that the fast-growing pioneer species have short expected adult lifespans relative to the average slow-growing, shade-tolerant species. Within the slowgrowth category, however, there was high variation in expected adult lifespan, and several shade-tolerant species under-performed the pioneers in terms of adult lifespan.Conclusions: Analytical solutions from population matrices allow theoretical analyses that integrate short-term growth records into lifespans of tropical trees. The analyses suggest that pioneer species must reproduce more successfully than shade-tolerant species to persist in the Barro Colorado forest. My next goal is to incorporate seed production and germination into lifetime matrix demography to test this hypothesis.

Demography and Conflicts in the Context of Israel/Palestine： Forecasts for the Future

In the context of historical Palestine, the Palestinian and Jewish demography are deeply embedded （Goldsheider, 1991; Freidlander, 2002）. The growth and structure of the populations are one of the most important tools for the control of the territory （Dahlan, 1989）. Jewish immigration was and is still considered as the single most important mean for the conquest of the land （Courbage, 2005）. Yet this is only a partial truth （Fargues, 2000）. Fertility, especially when it is natural at its peak or still very high is also a very significant asset, which is likely to reverse internal equilibrium among the different forces shaping the two societies （Courbage ＆ Todd, 2011; Ettinger, 2011）. Hence, Jews and Palestinians have embarked since decades into a demographic competition （Faraoune, personal communication, December 19, 1992; Anson ＆ Avinoam, 1996）, with this extraordinary result, that in a matter of a century （1948-2048） this small piece of land will have undergone the highest population growth on earth, equivalent to sub Saharan Africa （Faitelson, 2008; Courbage ＆ Fargues, 1997）. It is likely output is not less important to define the future nature of historical Palestine： one or two states （Baskin, 2005; Courbage, 2008）？ And if the two states solution is in effect, what kind of states would it be？ After presenting the recent trends of Palestinian demography in the context of historical Palestine since the first intifada and the aftermath of the second intifada, this essay will focus on future developments, i.e. the likely population dynamics of the Palestinian territory from 2011 until 2048, and of its different components, namely fertility. Palestinian population growth during the next four decades will be compared to that of the future Israeli population and the policy components of this differential population growth will be evaluated both in the context of historical Palestine and in the context of the Jewish State in its 1948 borders （Jews and Palestinians of 1948）. The most serious demographic challenges, （which are not those of an overall ＂equilibrium＂ between Palestinian and Jewish populations as very often claimed）, are very precisely delineated in the ground. These are, first, the question of the peopling of the settlements （Be-Tselem, 2002）. their population is likely to explode from 560,000 settlers now to 1.7 million in 2048, thanks to their extremely high fertility, low mortality, high immigration and ＂population momentum＂ （Central Bureau of Statistics, 2013; Courbage, 2006）. From 18% of the overall population of the West Bank they could reach 29% in 2048, a clear defiance to the possibility of statehood in Palestine. Besides, statehood in Palestine is also threatened by the fact that East-Jerusalem, the likely capital of the Palestinian state is also threatened by the expansionist demography of the Jewish settlers, both in the so-called ＂neighborhoods＂, those settlements close to Jerusalem but which are according to international law an integral part of the West Bank （annexed by Israel in 1967）, and inside the Old city. In Jerusalem, besides Jewish immigration to the neighborhoods from the densely and poor areas of West Jerusalem, fertility trends have now been reversed to advantage of the Jews as compared to the Palestinians in the Holy city （Della Pergola, 2001）. This presentation will deal also with the population trends of the Palestinian population from now on until 2048 （Dalen ＆ Petersen, 2004; Courbage, 1999）. Under the impact of a higher fertility, and a population momentum clearly to its benefit, the population of Gaza （all Palestinians） could approach the Palestinian population of the West Bank： 4.0 in Gaza, 4.3 in the WB （Clarens, 2011）. Yet, the slight majority in the West Bank comes from the Palestinians in Jerusalem, whose political status is still vague. A larger share of the Palestinian population living in the Gaza strip rather than in the West bank is probably not devoid of political implications. For the policy makers it is not easy to run against demographic trends, especially when they are largely guided and decided by the other State which shares the same land. Yet, it is of utmost importance to be fully aware of the likely evolution of the demographic landscape in Palestine and to prepare the demographic but mostly non-demographic policy measures to counterbalance their effects.

谁是职业农民——基于9763名职业农民的调查分析

职业农民是现代农业的生力军,2020年,我国职业农民发展到1 700万人,占农业劳动力的9.6%。本文基于2018年全国31个省(区、市)9 763名职业农民的调查样本数据,从生产经营类别、地区等维度对职业农民的群体基本特征进行了分析。结果表明,与第三次全国农业普查数据中情况相比,职业农民呈现出许多新特征,比如男性多、平均年龄低、受教育程度高、非农户籍多、参训比例高等。相比发达国家农民,我国职业农民的平均年龄较低、受教育程度较低,务农时间较短。不同生产经营类别和不同地区的职业农民基本特征差异显著,如纯养殖类和经济类作物种植业、东部地区的职业农民人力资本水平相对较高。职业农民的未来发展还面临着农民教育培训、劳动力市场、土地制度改革和人力资本行业与地区差异等问题。

“人口统计学”课程思政改革探析 ——论思政元素融入“人口统计学”教学大纲、教案的路径

中国是世界上人口最多的国家,人口问题始终是一个全局性、战略性问题。人口统计学是人口统计工作和进行人口分析的理论基础,通过思想政治融入“人口统计学”教学,将专业理论知识教学与思想政治素养培育有效融合,是新时代赋予课程的崭新内涵。围绕政治认同、家国情怀、文化素养、法治意识、全球视野五个目标,深挖思政元素、优化内容供给、服务国家战略,积极探索思政元素融入“人口统计学”教学大纲和教案的具体思路,确保立德树人根本任务落地、落实、落细、落到位。

Demographic changes in China’s forests from 1998 to 2018

Background: Tree demography is an essential indicator of various forest ecosystem services, and understanding its changes is critical for the sustainable management of forests. During the past four decades, China implemented unprecedented forest restoration projects, which altered tree demography by increasing the number of trees and introducing new species. However, it remains unclear how species composition has changed in China in response to the past forest restoration and demographical processes.Methods: We applied Forest Stability Index(FSI) and the relative change of FSI(%FSI) to describe the population dynamics of tree species and structure in China since 1998, using field-survey data collected from over 200,000plot-records from the 6th to 9th National Forest Inventories(NFIs).Results: The overall populations of both natural and planted forests have grown rapidly from 1998 to 2018, while the range of changes in the relative tree density was more variable for natural forests(ranging from-8.53% to42.46%) than for planted forests(ranging from-1.01% to 13.31%). The populations declined only in some of the tree species, including Betula platyphylla, Ulmus pumila, and Robinia pseudoacacia. In contrast, the populations of trees in the largest size-class either remained stable or expanded.Conclusions: Tree density of China?s forests(both natural and planted forests) generally expanded and the overall populations increased in most size classes, with greater increases occurred in planted forests. In contrasting to the global decline trends of large diameter trees, here we found no apparent decline for trees in the largest size-class in China, highlighting China?s success in improving forest health and forest adaptations to climate change. We advocate for more studies to reveal the mechanisms of the changes in tree demography, which will help to improve forest ecosystem services such as the carbon sequestration capacity.

Demographic characteristics of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at a tertiary care hospital in India

BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)tears are common sports-related injuries.Their incidence is not the same either for all the sports or for the same sport across various nations.This information is maintained by many sports leagues in their registries.However,very few nationwide registries exist for such injuries.This study is carried out to know the demographic characteristics of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction at our hospital in India.AIM To know the demographic characteristics of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction at a tertiary care hospital in India.METHODS All the patients who underwent ACL reconstruction from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively studied.Patients with multi-ligament injuries or a history of previous knee surgery were excluded.The patients’history was obtained from the hospital records,they were interviewed telephonically,and online questionnaires were given.Their demographic data was analyzed and compared to the existing literature.RESULTS A total of 124 patients were operated on for ACL reconstruction during this period.The mean age of the patients was 27.97 years.One hundred and thirteen patients(91.1%)were male and 11(8.9%)were female.The majority of the patients(47.6%)sustained this injury by road traffic accidents(RTA)followed by sportsrelated injuries(39.5%).The commonest presenting complaint was giving way of the knee in 118 patients(95.2%).The mean duration from the injury to the first hospital visit among the patients was 290.1 d.The mean duration from the injury to surgery was 421.8 d.CONCLUSION ACL patients’demography is different in developing nations as compared to the developed world.RTA are the leading cause of ACL injuries and are followed by recreational sports as a cause.There is delayed access to healthcare leading to delayed diagnosis as well as even greater time to surgery.This,in turn,leads to poorer prognosis and longer rehabilitation.National registries for developing nations are the need of the hour due to the different demographics of ACL injuries in developing countries.

Correlates of Self-Assessed Wellness

Background: This study was concerned with correlates of self-assessed health and wellness on ten dimensions including emotional, financial and physical health. All 10 self-ratings loaded on one factor with high internal reliability. Method: In all 506 adult participants, completed short measures of the bright side, Big Five traits (TIPI) and a short measure of the dark side, personality disorders (PID-5-BF). Results: Correlations and regressions suggested that wellness was related to sex, education and religious beliefs as well as four of five bright- and dark-side traits. Being Sanguine was most positively, and Choleric most negatively, associated with subjective wellness. Detachment and Negative Affect were the highest dark-side correlates. The final regression suggested that over a third of the variance in subjective wellness could be explained by four bright- and two dark-side factors. Conclusions: Personality factors, especially instability and negative affectivity, play a crucial role in all aspects of wellness. Implications and limitations are acknowledged.

Monitoring trends and determinants of type 1 diabetes in geographically-determined populations

Speculations are rife as to the exact aetiology of Type 1 diabetes mellitus,It is suggested that viruses and other agents precipitate this condition,induce vulnerability and the consequential development of adverse infectious disorders,The disease incidence is increasing exponentially in geographically-determined precincts.It is a chronic,autoimmune metabolic disorder characterized by expansively deranged pancreatic beta-cells,insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia.Certain environmental elements trigger the autoimmune pathways in genetically susceptible children and adolescents.Globally,diabetes is the most common chronic condition.Studies indicate that comorbidities,syndemics,specific patient status,exclusive treatment modalities,and consistent monitoring of blood glucose levels are critical for type 1 diabetes management.Type 1 diabetes is relatively less common than type 2 diabetes,but it poses greater morbidity and mortality than the latter.Research tends to determine the spatiotemporal variations of the disease,whether its incidence is increasing globally or restricted to a select population,and to estimate the magnitude of the alteration in incidence.Type 1 diabetes can pre-exist and remain undiagnosed in patients.It tends to worsen in comorbid states.Competent objective testing measures are pertinent for evaluation,appropriate and well-timed management of childhood type 1 diabetes for significant improvement in healthcare.Management of the disease using insulin or insulin analogues may induce side effects in the form of acute hypoglycemic episodes,central nervous system derangement,dementia,aggravated morbidity or mortality.Consistent self-monitoring blood glucose(SMBG)tool facilitates adjustments of timely insulin dose.In non-industrialised countries and vulnerable populations,latent constraints have revolved around the choice of,and access to medicinal drugs and high-tech systems in the prime management of type 1 diabetes and its sequelae.

4298例成年人肾小球疾病病理类型及流行病学特点

目的：了解我国成年人肾小球疾病病理类型及流行病学特点。方法：分析解放军肾脏病研究所１９８０～１９９６年间经肾活检确诊的肾小球疾病４２９８例。结果：原发性肾小球肾炎占７６８％，继发性肾小球肾炎２２８％，遗传性肾病０４％；原发性肾小球肾炎男∶女＝１８１∶１，继发性肾小球肾炎男∶女＝０４６∶１，两组间存在统计学差异（Ｐ＜００１）；原发性肾小球肾炎各型所占比例依次是：ＩｇＡ肾病（ＩｇＡＮ）３６９％、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎２９７％、膜性肾病８８％、ＩｇＭ肾病７６％、膜增生性肾小球肾炎５８％、局灶节段性肾小球硬化症５６％、毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎２５％、肾小球微小病变２３％和新月体性肾小球肾炎０８％，四种最常见的继发性肾小球肾炎所占比例依次是狼疮性肾炎（ＬＮ）６３７％、紫癜性肾炎１１３％、糖尿病肾病６７％和系统性血管炎肾损害５８％。原发性肾小球肾炎和继发性肾小球肾炎的高发年龄段均为２５～３４岁。结论：原发性肾小球肾炎是我国最常见的肾小球疾病，男性多发，ＩｇＡＮ是最常见的原发性肾小球肾炎；ＬＮ是最常见的继发性肾小球肾炎，女性占绝对优势；青壮年为原发性肾小球肾炎和继发性肾小球肾炎的高发?

不同类型肺动脉高压患者临床特征和血流动力学的比较分析

目的:比较不同类型肺动脉高压患者的人口学特征、临床特征以及血流动力学方面的差异。方法:选取2007-05至2010-10由我院牵头的全国31家三级甲等医院经右心导管检查、符合美国心脏学院基金会/美国心脏学会颁布的肺动脉高压专家共识确诊标准的、4种不同类型的成人肺动脉高压患者551例,女性386例(70.1%),其中特发性肺动脉高压150例(IPAH组)、先天性心脏病相关肺动脉高压273例(CHD-PAH组)、结缔组织病相关肺动脉高压64例(CTD-PAH组)和慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压64例(CTEPH组),收集并比较分析不同类型肺动脉高压患者的人口学、功能分级和血流动力学指标的差异。结果:551例患者中CHD-PAH组患者病例数最多(273例,49.5%);CHD-PAH组年龄最小,体质指数最低,而CTEPH组则年龄大。CTD-PAH组的女男比例最高。551例患者以乏力(76.4%)和呼吸困难(72.2%)为最常见的症状;CTD-PAH组的患者6分钟步行距离(6 MWD)最短,CHD-PAH组的患者6 MWD最长。CHD-PAH组的患者世界卫生组织肺动脉高压功能分级(WHO-FC)以Ⅱ级患者最多。CHD-PAH组患者肺动脉平均压和肺血管阻力均显著高于其它3组的患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:CTD-PAH好发于中青年女性,多数IPAH患者确诊时病情较重,就诊较晚;CHD-PAH最常见,其肺动脉压力和肺血管阻力最高,而WHO-FC和运动耐量较好,提示先天性心脏病相关性肺动脉高压患者心功能与肺动脉压力和肺血管阻力并不一致。

山东省临床护士的应对方式与人口学特征的相关性研究

[目的]探讨临床护士的应对方式与人口学特征的关系。[方法]应用简易应对方式问卷对山东省19所医院的872名临床护士进行调查。[结果]临床护士积极应对得分明显高于全国常模,而消极应对得分明显低于全国常模;不同年龄、不同职称护士的积极应对得分比较有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1) ,而消极应对得分比较无统计学意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ;2 1岁～5 0岁的护士积极应对分随年龄增长而相应递增;不同科室的护士在积极应对和消极应对得分均有统计学意义。[结论]临床护士多采用积极应对方式,较少采取消极应对方式;年龄、职称、科室对临床护士的应对方式存在一定的影响,应根据临床护士的人口学特征,引导和教育护士采取有效的应对方式缓解压力,以提高其心理健康水平。

慢性病老年患者的生活质量及相关因素

目的 :探讨不同人口学特征和老年慢性病患者的生活质量。方法 :对 15 0例年龄≥ 60岁的慢性病患者进行人口社会学调查 ,并采用症状自评量表 (SCL -90 )、社会功能缺陷筛选量表 (SDSS)、日常生活能力量表 (ADL)、生活质量量表 (QOL)对其生活质量状况进行评定。结果 :男性社会功能明显低于女性 ,但生活质量无明显差别。不同年龄、受教育程度、家庭状况、职业、经济收入的人群之间生活质量存在差异。结论