Current Situation,Problems and Development Strategies of Marine Ecological Civilization Demonstration Areas in China

Based on analysis of current situation of national marine ecological civilization demonstration areas in China, problems were discussed from aspects of shoreline development, marine disaster waming, marine pollution, etc. Afterwards, some development strategies were proposed to provide references for construction of marine ecological civilization demonstration areas in China, thereby promoting overall construction of marine ecological civilization in China.

Dynamic Comparison and Trend analysis of Southeast Guizhou's Experimental Area of Eco-civilization Construction and the National Eco-efficiency

In order to better understand the development level of eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction,we conduct dynamic comparison research of its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,using single ratio method based on the ecological footprint model,to grasp the gap between its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,so that we can take appropriate countermeasures to improve eco-efficiency. The results show that in the period 1978-2010,the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction was always lower than the national eco-efficiency; the long-time average annual value of its eco-efficiency was less than one half of that of the national eco-efficiency,with the absolute gap of 1 630. 095 yuan /hm 2 ,and the gap tended to widen year by year in the period 1978-2002 ( the gap increased from 276. 551 yuan /hm 2 in 1978 to peak of 3 227. 713 yuan /hm 2 in 2002,with an average annual increase of 118. 047 yuan /hm 2 ,and especially after 1992,the gap was particularly evident,with an average annual increase of 194.771 yuan/hm 2 ) ,but from 2003,the gap between the two tended to decrease. Based on the prediction results of grey system,in the period 2011-2025,the gap between the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction and the national eco-efficiency will gradually narrow,and from 2019, the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction will be higher than the national eco-efficiency.

THOUGHTS ON CONSTRUCTING THE DEMONSTRATING AREAS OF THE ECOLOGICAL REBUILDING AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN HEXI REGION

Based on the field investigations, this paper analyzes systematically the achievements and problems of constructing the demonstrating areas of the ecological rebuilding and economic sustainable development in Hexi, Gansu Province, and then the thoughts on constructing the demonstrating areas are brought forward. It is considered that all kinds of ecological demonstrating areas should be merged in order to construct large scale characterized demonstrating areas which go beyond the district. In other words, in Hexi Region, Zhangye District should be constructed as the largest ecoagriculture demonstrating area of high technology; Wuwei District should be constructed as the largest ecological demonstrating area of agricultural comprehensive exploitation; JiuJia District, which is the shortened form of Jiuquan and Jiayuguan, should be constructed as the largest ecotourism demonstrating area; and Jinchang City should be constructed as the largest ecoindustry demonstrating area. At the same time, the constructing pattern should be selected according to the actual circumstances; science and technology should be applied to construct the demonstrating areas and accelerate the industrialization in the big market. Additionally, it is important to smooth the constructing system and implement the flexible and efficacious running mechanism, and it is suggested that the committee should be organized to administer the ecological demonstrating areas in Hexi Region.

A climatic environmental performance assessment method for ecological city construction:Application to Beijing Yanqi Lake

In contrast to the input perspective for evaluating planning metrics, this research takes the climatic environmental output effects as the starting point for assessing ecological city construction. Based on approaches such as observation data analysis, meteorological model simulation, and remote sensing, a set of climatic environmental performance assessment methods is developed and established. These methods mainly focus on surface ventilation assessment and urban thermal environment assessment. With the Yanqi Lake ecological development demonstration area located in Huairou district, Beijing as an example, the assessment of the local climatic environment before and after the construction are conducted, and relevant policy suggestions for urban planning and construction are presented. The results show that after development, the ventilation capacity will decrease overall and the ventilation potential index will decrease from 0.53 to 0.44. While this is not a large reduction, and is still at a favorable level, the ventilation potential in some local areas will markedly decrease. Furthermore, the thermal environment will become poorer to some extent; the urban heat island(UHI) area and intensity will increase compared with the current situation;continuous heat islands may occur in local areas; the UHI potential index of the core area will rise from 0.0878 to 0.1217(still a favorable level).Therefore, urban surfaces should be carefully developed and arranged during planning. It is suggested that the negative impacts of large areas of urban construction on the local climatic environment in the Yanqi Lake could be mitigated by 1) strengthening the airflow by introducing fresh,cold, northwesterly air via constructed ventilation corridors, 2) increasing the number of ecological cold sources, particularly for water bodies and green belts to prevent the UHI in the southern region of Yanqi Lake from becoming linked with each other, and 3) considering a pre-program before sub-domain and building planning to obtain optimum building locations. Different construction standards should be developed for different ventilation potential and UHI intensity levels. For strong heat island areas, land areas should be reserved to serve as cold sources.

Overview of China’s national park system reform process

Having experienced a high economic growth rate,China is entering into a low one as the country needs to carry out policy reforms for better governance.In recent years,the national park system reform has been one of the pilot policies that has attracted great attention from local governments and the public.The central government established corresponding management systems during the institutional restructuring in 2018,and five out of ten pilots were selected due to their good performance on policy reform in 2021.This paper provides an overview of the policy background,a general introduction to the system,and a discussion of policy implementations.Our research suggests that China’s national parks need to improve their laws and regulations and establish an eco-compensation mechanism to encourage residents to participate in conservation and receive increasing benefits through green development.

生态文明建设对城市碳排放的影响--基于生态文明先行示范区的准自然实验

碳达峰、碳中和目标是当前我国生态文明建设的重要指引。基于2009—2019年我国213个城市的面板数据,采用双重差分模型实证检验了生态文明建设对城市碳排放的影响。研究发现,生态文明先行示范区建设显著降低了城市碳排放强度,且通过了一系列稳健性检验;机制分析揭示了生态文明先行示范区建设通过推进节能降耗、优化产业结构、促进绿色创新进而降低城市碳排放的作用机理;异质性分析表明生态文明先行示范区建设对资源型城市和中东部城市的碳减排效应更明显。据此提出了优化生态文明示范区政策、加强绿色创新推动产业和能源结构调整等促进生态文明的建议。

生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的影响研究——基于财政分权视角

生态文明建设示范区是中国政府推进生态文明建设的一项制度创新。本文以2011~2022年沪深A股制造业上市公司为研究样本,采用多期双重差分模型实证探究生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:(1)生态文明建设示范区提升了企业全要素生产率,且这一结果在经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立;(2)生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的促进作用随着财政分权程度的提高而降低;(3)进一步分析表明,生态文明建设示范区对企业全要素生产率的促进作用在非国有企业、东部企业和大规模企业中更显著。生态文明建设示范区主要是通过缓解企业面临的融资约束来促进企业全要素生产率的提升。本文的研究对于全面建设生态文明、促进企业转型、提升企业全要素生产率和经济的高质量发展具有一定的参考意义。

国家生态文明建设示范市创建研究——以金昌市为例

根据国家生态文明建设示范区创建的有关管理规程和建设指标要求,对金昌市创建国家生态文明示范市的基础及存在问题进行梳理,分析了金昌市创建国家生态文明建设示范市的可行性,并有针对性地提出了金昌市应该加强组织领导、严格监督考核、拓宽资金渠道、加强科技创新、坚持人才培养、倡导全民参与等方面的建议,旨在为金昌市成功创建国家生态文明建设示范市提供参考。

“生命共同体”理念下农村生态文明建设路径研究

“生命共同体”理念是习近平生态文明思想的核心要义与立论之基,对当前农村生态文明建设具有重要的指导意义。从建设宜居乡村、建设宜业乡村、建设和美乡村三个维度,对中国农村生态文明建设的内涵进行分析与阐述。针对当前农村生态文明建设已经取得的成就与存在的问题,深度解析“生命共同体”理念的哲学意蕴及实践指向。从新农村、新农业、新农民三个维度,提出贯彻“生命共同体”理念、切实践行“两山”理念、推进农村生态文明建设的三大实践路径,即坚持党建引领,统筹推进新农村的生态环境治理;依靠科技兴农,开辟具有生态特色优势的新农业之路;重塑乡风文明,助力提升新农民的生态文明素养。

民族地区旅游产业与生态文明建设耦合协调度的时空演变及其影响因素

新时代背景下生态文明建设向纵深推进,其与旅游产业存在天然耦合,因此厘清二者间的协调发展态势与时空演变规律对引导各方面集中精力推进改革创新、推动高质量发展具有重要现实意义。利用耦合协调度模型,测算2008—2019年民族地区旅游产业与生态文明建设的耦合度和协调度,探寻两系统耦合协调度的时空演变规律,并利用地理探测器剖释其耦合协调度演变的影响因素。结果表明:(1)研究期间民族地区各省(区)耦合度均高于0.8,处于高度耦合阶段,旅游产业与生态文明建设趋于良性共振耦合;(2)民族地区各省(区)协调度均值在0.527~0.703,各省(区)协调度在勉强协调、初级协调和中级协调3种类型之间波动变化;协调度高值主要集中在南部和北部,呈现出南北略高、中部平平的格局;(3)地区对外开放程度、科技创新、经济发展水平等因素对旅游产业与生态文明建设协调度变化具有重要影响。

守护绿水青山:生态文明建设示范区减少污染企业进入了吗?

从理论构建到实践探索,新时代生态文明建设发生了历史性、转折性、全局性变化。目前,我国经济社会发展已进入加快绿色化、低碳化的高质量发展阶段,生态文明建设处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期。文章基于2009—2020年中国1640个县级行政区面板数据,将生态文明建设示范区获批作为准自然实验,在分析政策背景及其影响污染企业进入的理论机制基础上,采用多时点DID模型实证检验了成立生态文明建设示范区对污染企业进入的影响。结果表明:生态文明建设示范区的成立显著抑制了当地污染企业的进入,且结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依旧显著。同时,环境规制和财政支出结构会强化生态文明建设示范区的成立对污染企业进入的抑制作用;政策效果存在地区异质性,其在经济发展水平较高、数字乡村指数较高、市场化水平较高的区域作用效果更显著。此外,政策的实施带来了PM2.5及碳排放的减少,基础设施建设投入和专业技术服务业企业进入的增加,同时也对部分生产性服务业企业进入产生了冲击。因此,为进一步推动中国生态文明建设,应科学有序扩大生态文明建设示范区试点政策实行范围,并充分考虑不同地区的发展禀赋,深入打好污染防治攻坚战,推动经济高质量发展。

乡村振兴战略下农村生态文明建设路径探析

乡村振兴战略背景下,农村生态文明建设出现许多新矛盾和新情况,面临着许多亟待解决的问题。该文以乡村振兴战略为背景,研究生态文明建设过程中存在的问题,尝试分析当前农村生态环保面临的困境及其原因,从而提出如何更好地优化乡村振兴战略下农村生态文明建设的路径,为农村经济绿色发展和农村生态文明建设提供参考。

“两山”理论与乡村振兴的共通逻辑及实践路径

“两山”理论和乡村振兴的共通逻辑首先在于二者的遵循关系,乡村振兴要发展的不仅是乡村经济,还是生态,更是民生,在生态宜居的乡村中发展绿色生态产业与“两山”理论所强调的“在发展中构建人与自然的和谐共同体”的核心要义一脉相承。此外“两山”理论和乡村振兴都是以系统工程的形式服务于我国的社会主义现代化建设,并以“绿色转化”为核心特征。赣州老区乡村“两山”理论实践的成效和机理,从实践层面进一步验证了“两山”理论与乡村振兴的共通逻辑。新时代要以二者共通的理论逻辑为依托,以根植时代要求的实践逻辑为参照,从技术、人才、创新、市场、资源优势等核心要点入手,将“两山”理论和乡村振兴的内核充分融合,进而明确发展的关键思路。

中国山区地带乡村生态文明建设的路径研究——以广东清远连山太保莲塘村为例

在绿美中国建设过程中,山区地带的乡村是永续发展的基础。当前,此类乡村面临着生态文明建设的四重压力:生态守护与绿色转型的压力、城乡发展不平衡的压力、生态文明建设承担者的压力,以及人口流失和空心化的压力。如何立足绿色发展,化解压力,提升发展质量,成为此类乡村关注的焦点。驻点调研发现,粤北山区的莲塘村在遵循生态文明规律、实现绿色发展上,走出了一条独特的道路。这一路径的推广可以从组织与理论、法治与道德、美学追求及精神力量支撑方面有效化解中国山区地带乡村生态文明建设的四重压力,促进乡村的生态复兴,建设绿美中国。

生态文明视野下鄱阳湖区水文化建设的路径

鄱阳湖区水文化是湖区生态文明的重要组成部分,主要包括渔文化、水利文化和水神信仰等,这一文化在历史上对湖区生态保护起到了积极作用。随着生产方式改变、科技发展以及教育普及,鄱阳湖区水文化发生了重大变化,与其他地区相比,鄱阳湖区水文化建设存在较大不足。应尝试进一步加大水文化遗产保护力度,重视加强湖区水文化宣传教育,建立水文化研究的专门队伍与平台,加强国际国内合作与交流等路径,解决当前湖区生态环境问题,实现湖区可持续发展,助力湖区生态文明建设。

生态文明立法下保护地役权的现状及规范构造

保护地役权由国外经验引入,在国家公园试点中逐渐成为兼具本土化探索的新兴土地权属管理制度。但基于公私属性争论,保护地役权的规范路径存在众多争论,尚未在我国法律体系中正式确立。考虑到国家公园正式设立以及自然保护地体系的建立,保护地役权制度应尽快于法有据。基于此,通过分析保护地役权制度属性,对比民法与环境法两条入法路径,结合生态文明立法进程探讨保护地役权规范构造的更优选择。分析得出在环境法中另起炉灶路径较为适宜,建议在先行出台的《国家公园法》中设定具体规则,后考虑在《自然保护地法》与《生态环境法典》中予以原则性纳入,最后将细化规定空间留给专类保护地法。

深汕特别合作区创建国家生态文明建设示范区策略研究

创建国家生态文明建设示范区是加强生态环境保护、深化生态文明体制改革、加快推进生态文明建设的重要抓手。为评估深圳市飞地—深汕特别合作区能否顺利创建国家生态文明建设示范区,在深圳市成功创建的背景下,围绕生态环境部发布的最新创建指标,通过指标达标情况分析,深入研究深汕特别合作区创建国家生态文明建设示范区的差距。研究发现,合作区在环境质量改善、生态质量提升、生态环境风险防范和节能减排降碳增效等方面的工作非常突出,相关指标全部达标,但在资源节约集约等方面,一些涉农指标如“农田灌溉水有效利用系数”“规模以下畜禽粪污集中收运利用体系”等还未达标,暴露出合作区从主营农业生产的乡镇向现代化智慧新城转变过程中的一些问题。针对存在的不足和短板,提出相应的策略:守护生态安全,保障生态环境质量不降低;发展生态经济,促进绿色低碳发展;弘扬生态文化,提高群众生态环保意识;振兴生态乡村,还清农业基础设施建设欠账。

太原西山示范区取用水分析及影响评价

为使太原西山生态文化旅游示范区生态文明发展与区域水资源条件相适应,亟需科学评估区域取用水水平与水资源承载力的协调性。在优化区域水资源配置方案基础上,进一步对分析规划实施后区域水资源可持续利用的影响,并提出具体预防和减轻负面影响的对策与措施。旨在通过示范区水资源可持续利用和优化配置,为示范区绿色发展及招商引资提供技术支撑。

江苏省灌区水生态文明建设评价指标体系研究

为了客观准确评价江苏省灌区水生态文明建设状况,为水美乡村建设和全国农业现代化发展提供重要保障,文章从资源节约、生产高效、生态自然、环境优美、意识文明5个方面初步构建了江苏省灌区水生态文明建设评价指标体系。通过查询文献、规范、标准等确定评级标准,采用层次分析法(AHP)和综合指数评价法构建了评价模型,并对江苏省渠南灌区进行了综合评价实证研究。渠南灌区水生态文明综合评价指数为3.812,属于Ⅱ级灌区,资源节约、生产高效和生态自然状况好,环境优美和意识文明评价指数不高,分析了渠南灌区建设的薄弱环节。文章为江苏省灌区水生态文明建设提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

农村生态文明建设中的环境污染问题与治理对策

农村环境污染防治已经成为当前农村生态文明建设中的一项重要任务,针对农村环境污染日趋严重的客观现实,以河南省驻马店市为例,分析了当前农村环境污染的现状、类型及特点,阐明了农村环境质量下降及污染的原因和存在的主要问题,从农业生产污染、生活污染、乡镇企业污染、城乡污染转嫁4个方面理清了环境污染问题与农村生态文明之间的关系,提出了综合防治环境污染和推进农村生态文明建设的治理对策。