Multi-Scale Dilated Convolution Network for SPECT-MPI Cardiovascular Disease Classification with Adaptive Denoising and Attenuation Correction

Myocardial perfusion imaging(MPI),which uses single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT),is a well-known estimating tool for medical diagnosis,employing the classification of images to show situations in coronary artery disease(CAD).The automatic classification of SPECT images for different techniques has achieved near-optimal accuracy when using convolutional neural networks(CNNs).This paper uses a SPECT classification framework with three steps:1)Image denoising,2)Attenuation correction,and 3)Image classification.Image denoising is done by a U-Net architecture that ensures effective image denoising.Attenuation correction is implemented by a convolution neural network model that can remove the attenuation that affects the feature extraction process of classification.Finally,a novel multi-scale diluted convolution(MSDC)network is proposed.It merges the features extracted in different scales and makes the model learn the features more efficiently.Three scales of filters with size 3×3 are used to extract features.All three steps are compared with state-of-the-art methods.The proposed denoising architecture ensures a high-quality image with the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)value of 39.7.The proposed classification method is compared with the five different CNN models,and the proposed method ensures better classification with an accuracy of 96%,precision of 87%,sensitivity of 87%,specificity of 89%,and F1-score of 87%.To demonstrate the importance of preprocessing,the classification model was analyzed without denoising and attenuation correction.

Automatic modulation recognition of radio fuzes using a DR2D-based adaptive denoising method and textural feature extraction

The identification of intercepted radio fuze modulation types is a prerequisite for decision-making in interference systems.However,the electromagnetic environment of modern battlefields is complex,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of such environments is usually low,which makes it difficult to implement accurate recognition of radio fuzes.To solve the above problem,a radio fuze automatic modulation recognition(AMR)method for low-SNR environments is proposed.First,an adaptive denoising algorithm based on data rearrangement and the two-dimensional(2D)fast Fourier transform(FFT)(DR2D)is used to reduce the noise of the intercepted radio fuze intermediate frequency(IF)signal.Then,the textural features of the denoised IF signal rearranged data matrix are extracted from the statistical indicator vectors of gray-level cooccurrence matrices(GLCMs),and support vector machines(SVMs)are used for classification.The DR2D-based adaptive denoising algorithm achieves an average correlation coefficient of more than 0.76 for ten fuze types under SNRs of-10 d B and above,which is higher than that of other typical algorithms.The trained SVM classification model achieves an average recognition accuracy of more than 96%on seven modulation types and recognition accuracies of more than 94%on each modulation type under SNRs of-12 d B and above,which represents a good AMR performance of radio fuzes under low SNRs.

AMicroseismic Signal Denoising Algorithm Combining VMD and Wavelet Threshold Denoising Optimized by BWOA

The denoising of microseismic signals is a prerequisite for subsequent analysis and research.In this research,a new microseismic signal denoising algorithm called the Black Widow Optimization Algorithm(BWOA)optimized VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD)jointWavelet Threshold Denoising(WTD)algorithm(BVW)is proposed.The BVW algorithm integrates VMD and WTD,both of which are optimized by BWOA.Specifically,this algorithm utilizes VMD to decompose the microseismic signal to be denoised into several Band-Limited IntrinsicMode Functions(BLIMFs).Subsequently,these BLIMFs whose correlation coefficients with the microseismic signal to be denoised are higher than a threshold are selected as the effective mode functions,and the effective mode functions are denoised using WTD to filter out the residual low-and intermediate-frequency noise.Finally,the denoised microseismic signal is obtained through reconstruction.The ideal values of VMD parameters and WTD parameters are acquired by searching with BWOA to achieve the best VMD decomposition performance and solve the problem of relying on experience and requiring a large workload in the application of the WTD algorithm.The outcomes of simulated experiments indicate that this algorithm is capable of achieving good denoising performance under noise of different intensities,and the denoising performance is significantly better than the commonly used VMD and Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD)algorithms.The BVW algorithm is more efficient in filtering noise,the waveform after denoising is smoother,the amplitude of the waveform is the closest to the original signal,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and the root mean square error after denoising are more satisfying.The case based on Fankou Lead-Zinc Mine shows that for microseismic signals with different intensities of noise monitored on-site,compared with VMD and EMD,the BVW algorithm ismore efficient in filtering noise,and the SNR after denoising is higher.

Vein visualization enhancement by dual-wavelength phase-locked denoising technology

Visual near-infrared imaging equipment has broad applications in various fields such as venipuncture,facial injections,and safety verification due to its noncontact,compact,and portable design.Currently,most studies utilize near-infrared single-wavelength for image acquisition of veins.However,many substances in the skin,including water,protein,and melanin can create significant background noise,which hinders accurate detection.In this paper,we developed a dual-wavelength imaging system with phase-locked denoising technology to acquire vein image.The signals in the effective region are compared by using the absorption valley and peak of hemoglobin at 700nm and 940nm,respectively.The phase-locked denoising algorithm is applied to decrease the noise and interference of complex surroundings from the images.The imaging results of the vein are successfully extracted in complex noise environment.It is demonstrated that the denoising effect on hand veins imaging can be improved with 57.3%by using our dual-wavelength phase-locked denoising technology.Consequently,this work proposes a novel approach for venous imaging with dual-wavelengths and phase-locked denoising algorithm to extract venous imaging results in complex noisy environment better.

EDU-GAN:Edge Enhancement Generative Adversarial Networks with Dual-Domain Discriminators for Inscription Images Denoising

Recovering high-quality inscription images from unknown and complex inscription noisy images is a challenging research issue.Different fromnatural images,character images pay more attention to stroke information.However,existingmodelsmainly consider pixel-level informationwhile ignoring structural information of the character,such as its edge and glyph,resulting in reconstructed images with mottled local structure and character damage.To solve these problems,we propose a novel generative adversarial network(GAN)framework based on an edge-guided generator and a discriminator constructed by a dual-domain U-Net framework,i.e.,EDU-GAN.Unlike existing frameworks,the generator introduces the edge extractionmodule,guiding it into the denoising process through the attention mechanism,which maintains the edge detail of the restored inscription image.Moreover,a dual-domain U-Net-based discriminator is proposed to learn the global and local discrepancy between the denoised and the label images in both image and morphological domains,which is helpful to blind denoising tasks.The proposed dual-domain discriminator and generator for adversarial training can reduce local artifacts and keep the denoised character structure intact.Due to the lack of a real-inscription image,we built the real-inscription dataset to provide an effective benchmark for studying inscription image denoising.The experimental results show the superiority of our method both in the synthetic and real-inscription datasets.

Attention-Based Residual Dense Shrinkage Network for ECG Denoising

Electrocardiogram(ECG)signal is one of the noninvasive physiological measurement techniques commonly usedin cardiac diagnosis.However,in real scenarios,the ECGsignal is susceptible to various noise erosion,which affectsthe subsequent pathological analysis.Therefore,the effective removal of the noise from ECG signals has becomea top priority in cardiac diagnostic research.Aiming at the problem of incomplete signal shape retention andlow signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)after denoising,a novel ECG denoising network,named attention-based residualdense shrinkage network(ARDSN),is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the shallow ECG characteristics are extractedby a shallow feature extraction network(SFEN).Then,the residual dense shrinkage attention block(RDSAB)isused for adaptive noise suppression.Finally,feature fusion representation(FFR)is performed on the hierarchicalfeatures extracted by a series of RDSABs to reconstruct the de-noised ECG signal.Experiments on the MIT-BIHarrhythmia database and MIT-BIH noise stress test database indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively resistthe interference of different sources of noise on the ECG signal.

An alternative 2D ICEEMDAN-based denoising method and its application in processing magnetic anomaly data

Due to environmental noise and human factors,magnetic data collected in the field often contain various noises and interferences that significantly affect the subsequent data processing and interpretation.Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD),an adaptive multiscale analysis method for nonlinear and non-stationary signals,is widely used in geophysical and geodetic data processing.Compared with traditional EMD,Improved Complete Ensemble EMD with Adaptive Noise(ICEEMDAN)is more effective in addressing the problem of mode mixing.Based on the principles of 1D ICEEMDAN,this paper presents an alternative algorithm for 2D ICEEMDAN,extending its application to two-dimensional scenarios.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through synthetic signal experiments,which show that the 2D ICEEMDAN exhibits a weaker mode mixing effect compared to the traditional bidimensional EMD(BEMD)method.Furthermore,to improve the performance of the denoising method based on 2D ICEEMDAN and preserve useful signals in high-frequency components,an improved soft thresholding technique is introduced.Synthetic magnetic anomaly data testing indicates that our denoising method effectively preserves signal continuity and outperforms traditional soft thresholding methods.To validate the practical application of this improved threshold denoising method based on 2D ICEEMDAN,it is applied to ground magnetic survey data in the Yandun area of Xinjiang.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in removing noise while retaining essential information from practical magnetic anomaly data.In particular,practical applications suggest that 2D ICEEMDAN can extract trend signals more accurately than the BEMD.In conclusion,as a potential tool for multi-scale decomposition,the 2D ICEEMDAN is versatile in processing and analyzing 2D geophysical and geodetic data.

A Second-Order Image Denoising Model for Contrast Preservation

In this work,we propose a second-order model for image denoising by employing a novel potential function recently developed in Zhu(J Sci Comput 88:46,2021)for the design of a regularization term.Due to this new second-order derivative based regularizer,the model is able to alleviate the staircase effect and preserve image contrast.The augmented Lagrangian method(ALM)is utilized to minimize the associated functional and convergence analysis is established for the proposed algorithm.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the features of the proposed model.

Prediction of high-embankment settlement combining joint denoising technique and enhanced GWO-v-SVR method

Reliable long-term settlement prediction of a high embankment relates to mountain infrastructure safety.This study developed a novel hybrid model(NHM)that combines a joint denoising technique with an enhanced gray wolf optimizer(EGWO)-n-support vector regression(n-SVR)method.High-embankment field measurements were preprocessed using the joint denoising technique,which in-cludes complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition,singular value decomposition,and wavelet packet transform.Furthermore,high-embankment settlements were predicted using the EGWO-n-SVR method.In this method,the standard gray wolf optimizer(GWO)was improved to obtain the EGWO to better tune the n-SVR model hyperparameters.The proposed NHM was then tested in two case studies.Finally,the influences of the data division ratio and kernel function on the EGWO-n-SVR forecasting performance and prediction efficiency were investigated.The results indicate that the NHM suppresses noise and restores details in high-embankment field measurements.Simultaneously,the NHM out-performs other alternative prediction methods in prediction accuracy and robustness.This demonstrates that the proposed NHM is effective in predicting high-embankment settlements with noisy field mea-surements.Moreover,the appropriate data division ratio and kernel function for EGWO-n-SVR are 7:3 and radial basis function,respectively.

Image Processing for Denoising Using Composite Adaptive Filtering Methods Based on RMSE

As one of the carriers for human communication and interaction, images are prone to contamination by noise during transmission and reception, which is often uncontrollable and unknown. Therefore, how to denoise images contaminated by unknown noise has gradually become one of the research focuses. In order to achieve blind denoising and separation to restore images, this paper proposes a method for image processing based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by integrating multiple filtering methods for denoising. This method includes Wavelet Filtering, Gaussian Filtering, Median Filtering, Mean Filtering, Bilateral Filtering, Adaptive Bandpass Filtering, Non-local Means Filtering and Regularization Denoising suitable for different types of noise. We can apply this method to denoise images contaminated by blind noise sources and evaluate the denoising effects using RMSE. The smaller the RMSE, the better the denoising effect. The optimal denoising result is selected through comprehensively comparing the RMSE values of all methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively denoises and restores images contaminated by blind noise sources.

BeFOI: A Novel Method Based on Conditional Diffusion Model for Medical Image Denoising

The progress in medical imaging technology highlights the importance of image quality for effective diagnosis and treatment.Yet,noise during capture and transmission can compromise image accuracy and reliability,complicating clinical decisions.The rising interest in diffusion models has led to their exploration of denoising images.We present Be-FOI(Better Fluoro Images),a weakly supervised model that uses cine images to denoise fluoroscopic images,both DR types.Trained through precise noise estimation and simulation,BeFOI employs Markov chains to denoise using only the fluoroscopic image as guidance.Our tests show that BeFOI outperforms other methods,reducing noise and enhancing clar-ity and diagnostic utility,making it an effective post-processing tool for medical images.

Multi-scale Attention Dilated Residual Image Denoising Network Based on Skip Connection

In the field of image denoising, deep learning technology holds a dominance. However, the current network model tends to lose fine-grained information with the depth of the network. To address this issue, this paper proposes a Multi-scale Attention Dilated Residual Image Denoising Network(MADRNet) based on skip connection, which consists of Dense Interval Transmission Block(DTB), Sparse Residual Block(SRB), Dilated Residual Attention Reconstruction Block(DRAB) and Noise Extraction Block(NEB). The DTB enhances the classical dense layer by reducing information redundancy and extracting more accurate feature information. Meanwhile, SRB improves feature information exchange and model generalization through the use of sparse mechanism and skip connection strategy with different expansion factors. The NEB is primarily responsible for extracting and estimating noise. Its output, together with that of the sparse residual module, acts on the DRAB to effectively prevent loss of shallow feature information and improve denoising effect. Furthermore, the DRAB integrates an dilated residual block into an attention mechanism to extract hidden noise information while using residual learning technology to reconstruct clear images. We respectively examined the performance of MADRNet in gray image denoising, color image denoising and real image denoising. The experiment results demonstrate that proposed network outperforms some excellent image denoising network in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measurement and denoising time. The proposed network effectively addresses issues associated with the loss of detail information.

Image Denoising Using Dual Convolutional Neural Network with Skip Connection

In recent years, deep convolutional neural networks have shown superior performance in image denoising. However, deep network structures often come with a large number of model parameters, leading to high training costs and long inference times, limiting their practical application in denoising tasks. This paper proposes a new dual convolutional denoising network with skip connections(DECDNet), which achieves an ideal balance between denoising effect and network complexity. The proposed DECDNet consists of a noise estimation network, a multi-scale feature extraction network, a dual convolutional neural network, and dual attention mechanisms. The noise estimation network is used to estimate the noise level map, and the multi-scale feature extraction network is combined to improve the model's flexibility in obtaining image features. The dual convolutional neural network branch design includes convolution and dilated convolution interactive connections, with the lower branch consisting of dilated convolution layers, and both branches using skip connections. Experiments show that compared with other models, the proposed DECDNet achieves superior PSNR and SSIM values at all compared noise levels, especially at higher noise levels, showing robustness to images with higher noise levels. It also demonstrates better visual effects, maintaining a balance between denoising and detail preservation.

High Order Total Variational Denoising Algorithm Based on l_(0) Overlapping Combination Sparse

For addressing impulse noise in images, this paper proposes a denoising algorithm for non-convex impulse noise images based on the l_(0) norm fidelity term. Since the total variation of the l_(0) norm has a better denoising effect on the pulse noise, it is chosen as the model fidelity term, and the overlapping group sparse term combined with non-convex higher term is used as the regularization term of the model to protect the image edge texture and suppress the staircase effect. At the same time, the alternating direction method of multipliers, the majorization–minimization method and the mathematical program with equilibrium constraints were used to solve the model. Experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively suppress the staircase effect in smooth regions, protect the image edge details, and perform better in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the structural similarity index measure.

基于参数优化变分模态分解的信号降噪方法

针对心电信号中肌电干扰噪声难以去除的问题,提出一种基于参数优化变分模态分解(VMD)的信号降噪方法。通过设计动态边界策略和反向种群生成方式,对白鲸优化(BWO)算法进行改进;采用改进白鲸优化算法对VMD参数自适应寻优,确定分解层数K与惩罚因子α;对含噪心电信号进行分解,得到k个本征模态函数(IMF)分量,同时采用相关系数法进行有效模态和含噪模态识别;对噪声主导的模态分量采用小波阈值降噪,并重构信号主导模态与降噪后模态。对仿真信号与含真实肌电干扰的心电信号进行降噪处理,实验结果表明,所提方法去噪效果优于小波阈值去噪法、EMD法、EMD-小波阈值去噪法,真实含噪的心电信号经该方法去噪后自相关系数可达0.91以上。

基于改进神经网络的医院通信安全态势感知方法

针对医院通信安全态势感知不及时,易导致医院信息系统重要信息受到损害的问题,提出基于改进神经网络的医院通信安全态势感知方法。使用基于小波消噪的通信信号去除噪声并保留关键信息,输入基于改进RBF神经网络的医院通信安全态势感知模型。利用花朵授粉算法完成改进RBF神经网络训练。通过径向基函数对输入数据进行非线性变换,将得到的权值进行加权求和,得到当前通信网络信号的安全态势预测结果。实验结果显示,应用该文方法的医院通信网络异常信息可在1 s内完成感知。

小样本下基于原型域增强的Meta-DAE故障诊断

滚动轴承作为一种精密的机械元件,已广泛运用于现代工业机械设备中。在轴承运行时,采用合理的方法诊断轴承的故障具有重大的意义。但在实际复杂多变环境下,采集振动信号不仅面临样本量少的问题,还受到噪声干扰、工况变换等因素的影响,导致故障诊断的准确率低。因此,针对噪声干扰和变工况下的小样本滚动轴承故障诊断问题,该文提出了一种基于原型域增强的元学习去噪模型(Meta-DAE)。首先,构造基于时频图的小样本故障样本集,引入深度卷积生成对抗网络并对数据进行预处理,生成相似分布的伪样本集;然后,将故障样本集输入Meta-DAE模型进行自适应特征提取,Meta-DAE模型采用原型域增强策略,使同类别原型点在嵌入空间中凝聚更紧密;同时,构建了具有降噪性能的编码器,设计了基于原型域增强和去噪的目标函数,通过在小样本下进行模型微调,以提高小样本下模型的噪声鲁棒性和分类准确率。噪声及变工况下小样本故障诊断实验结果表明,相比于其他模型,所提模型在-8dB强噪声干扰下,仅用10个样本微调模型,分类准确率提高了35.78~57.25个百分点,具有较强的噪声鲁棒性。

基于小波降噪的神经网络盾构泥水分离系统参数预测方法

泥水盾构穿越复合地层时,掘进控制参数和泥水分离系统参数往往出现大幅波动,影响施工安全和掘进效率。为提升施工过程的安全稳定性,实现异常工况预测,依托望京隧道盾构工程,针对地层状况采用筛分、双旋流、离心/压滤固液分离协同控制技术,采集盾构机掘进参数(掘进速度、刀盘转速和总推进力等)和泥水分离系统运行参数(进浆量、进浆密度和进浆黏度等),通过Cook距离离群检测和小波阈值去噪处理提升数据质量;以双旋流分离密度比值、黏度比值等12个参数为输入,排浆量、排浆密度和排浆黏度为输出,建立BP神经网络泥水分离系统参数的预测模型,并选取3个不同地层环段进行预测对比分析。预测结果表明:预测平均绝对误差均在5%以内,该预测模型在复合地层下仍具有较高的准确性。

特征融合与BP神经网络结合的刀具磨损预测

通过监测刀具磨损情况,能够有效应对生产加工中的意外状况。为了精确监测刀具的磨损状态,提出了一种多传感器特征融合及BP神经网络结合的刀具磨损预测方法。首先对工业加工中采集到的切削力、振动、声发射信号进行小波阈值去噪,然后在时域、频域和时频域内分析并提取特征,再将融合后的各类传感器特征使用Pearson相关系数和主成分分析(PCA)实现数据降维,最后将降维后的融合特征输入搭建好的BP神经网络,通过非线性仿真分析,从而实现刀具磨损量的预测。案例验证表明:与单一传感器预测相比,提出的多传感器特征融合的刀具磨损预测方法误差最小,且决定系数R2达到0.993。

多任务联合学习下的复杂天气航拍图像目标检测算法

针对雨雾等复杂天气下无人机图像质量下降导致目标检测效果不佳的问题,提出基于上下文引导和提示学习的目标检测算法CGP-YOLO(context-guided and prompt-based YOLOv8)。构建一个多任务联合学习的检测网络,通过双分支结构达到平衡图像检测和恢复的任务。提出基于提示学习的跨层注意力加权图像去噪分支,指导网络利用退化提示重构清晰的图像;模型主干设计基于上下文的残差采样模块,集成卷积注意力机制,综合目标的局部和全局信息;采用可分离大核多尺度特征提取模块,处理网络多尺度特征;引入小目标的专用检测头,增强小目标的检测精度。实验结果表明,在参数量仅为基线模型60%的情况下,该模型的检测精度提高了2.4个百分点,平均精度(mAP)提高了2.04个百分点,模型检测效果优于其他经典模型,具备卓越的性能。