Research on numerical simulation of flow field in shallow-bath dense-medium separator

介绍了浅槽重介分选机的结构、工作原理和技术特点，并采用Fluent软件，对浅槽重介分选机内部的流场进行了分析和研究，得出了各主要位置的速度和速度变化规律。揭示了浅槽重介分选机在分选过程中的悬浮液体流场形态及运动规律，以为其结构设计和改进提供理论依据。

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of bubble size distribution in an air dense medium fluidized bed

Bubble size distribution is the basic apparent performance and obvious characteristics in the air dense medium fluidized bed (ADMFB). The approaches of numerical simulation and experimental verification were combined to conduct the further research on the bubble generation and movement behavior. The results show that ADMFB could display favorable expanded characteristics after steady fluidization. With different particle size distributions of magnetite powder as medium solids, we selected an appropriate prediction model for the mean bubble diameter in ADMFB. The comparison results indicate that the mean bubble diameters along the bed heights are 35 mm < D b < 66 mm and 40 mm < D b < 69 mm with the magnetite powder of 0.3 mm+0.15mm and 0.15mm+0.074mm, respectively. The prediction model provides good agreements with the experimental and simulation data. Based on the optimal operating gas velocity distribution, the mixture of magnetite powder and <1mm fine coal as medium solids were utilized to carry out the separation experiment on 6-50mm raw coal. The results show that an optimal separation density d P of 1.73g/cm 3 with a probable error E of 0.07g/cm 3 and a recovery efficiency of 99.97% is achieved, which indicates good separation performance by applying ADMFB.

Analysis and evaluation on pressure fluctuations in air dense medium fluidized bed

Pressure fluctuations contribute to the instability of separation process in air dense medium fluidized bed, which provides a high motivation for further study of underlying mechanisms. Reasons for generation and propagation of pressure fluctuations in the air dense medium fluidized bed have been discussed.Drift rate and collision rate of particles were employed to deduce the correlation between voidage and pressure fluctuations. Simultaneously, a dynamic pressure fluctuation measuring and analysis system was established. Based on frequency domain analysis and wavelet analysis, collected signals were disassembled and analyzed. Results show gradually intensive motion of particles increases magnitudes of signal components with lower frequencies. As a result of violent particle motion, the magnitude of real pressure signal's frequency experienced an increase as air velocity increased moderately. Wavelet analysis keeps edge features of the real signal and eliminates the noise efficaciously. The frequency of denoised signal is closed to that of pressure signal identified in frequency domain analysis.

Occurrence characteristics of mercury in high-mercury coal and distribution rule of mercury in products of an air dense medium fluidized bed

Mercury emitted from direct combustion of high-mercury coal does great harm to the environment. To make good use of high-mercury coal, it is necessary to study the occurrence characteristics of mercury in coal and high-efficient methods of mercury removal. In this paper, high-mercury coal of Guizhou Province of China was taken as an object to study the nature of mercury in coal and the rule of mercury removal by dry preparation method. Mercury mainly distributes in the medium and high density fractions, and has a good affinity with silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium, potassium, calcium, zinc, sodium and magnesium. It exists in minerals formed by these elements and presents significant correlation with ash in coal. After the high-mercury coal is separated by air dense medium fluidized bed, mercury content of clean coal is reduced to 1/10 of raw coal, while mercury content of gangue is increased to 3 times that of raw coal. This indicates that mercury in raw coal is rejected greatly by ADMFB and enriched in highdensity fractions. The rates of ash removal and mercury removal decrease with the density and present a very high correlation.

Effects of sintered metal distributor on fluidization quality of the air dense medium fluidized bed

Dry coal beneficiation using an air dense medium fluidized bed (ADMFB) requires the formation of a sta- ble and uniform bed from the dense medium. Others have shown that the structure and geometric parameters of the air distributor have a significant influence on the experimentally observed fluidization quality. In this study we used a sintered metal distributor (SMD) in the ADMFB separator and study its effect on the fluidization quality. The results show that for the same open area ratio (OAR), a smaller aper- ture in the SMD will provide improved fluidization quality. If aperture size is held constant bigger open area ratios result in improved fluidization quality. And, the fluidization quality also improves when the pressure drop across the SMD increases. A model relating distributor pressure drop and the geometric parameters of the SMD is also proposed.

RESEARCH ON DENSITY STABILITY OF AIRDENSE MEDIUM FLUIDIZED BED

In this paper on the basis of studying the distribution of fine Coal in the dense medAn fluidised bed. the optimai size range of fine coal, which constitutes a fluidized bed together with the dense medium, has been found. In the separating process the fine coal will continuously aeeumulate in fluidized bed, thus inevitably reducing the density of the bed.In order to keep bed density stable, the authors adopted such measures as split-now of used medium and complement of fresb dense medium.The experiment results in both lab and pilot systems of the air-dense medium fluidized bed show that these measures are effective and satisfactory. Then authors also have estabinbed some relative dynamic mathematical models for it.

MECHANISM AND APPLICATION OF COAL DRY BENEFICIATION WITH AIR-DENSE MEDIUM FLUIDIZED BED

The mechanism of beneficiation with air dense fluidized bed has been theoretically studied in the paper. Focusing attention on the misplacing resources in separation process, the misplacing effects are divided into two parts called respectively as misplacing effect of viscosity and misplacing effect of motion. The proposed separation theory can reasonably explain the results of separation in different fluidization states. Experimental results in pilot and commercial plants showed that the air dense medium fluidized bed is a high efficiency dry cleaning technique. The dynamic stability of fluidized bed density is directly affected by the variation of fine coal content in fluidized bed and can be controlled in expected range through measurement of fluidized bed density and adjusting of split flow rate. With air dense medium fluidized bed, various coals of size 50—6 mm can be efficiently beneficiated. The separation density can be adjusted between 1.2—2.2 g/cm 3, and the probable error E p value is about 0.06.

DRY CLEANING OF COAL WITH AIR DENSE MEDIUM FLUIDIZED BED

This paper deals with the experimental study of dry cleaning of coal with air dense medium fluidized bed. This technique opens up an efficient way of coal separation for vast areas in the country where water resources are in short supply or coals tend to slime seriously in wet process. Tests show that it can separate any kind of coal (6--50mm) efficiently. The probable error E, can reach 0.05--0.08. The separating density can be adjusted in the range of 1.0--2.0 g/cm^3. This technique brings about enormous economic benifits.

The Forming-Mechanism and Role of Creativity Thinking in Dry Coal Beneficiation of Coal with Air-Dense Medium Fluidized Bed

In this paper, the authors point out that the Creativity is an inevitable request in solving engineering and technological problems and that the coal beneficiation technology with air dense medium fluidized bed is a result of reversal thinking, and its forming mechanism is the use of other things for reference and the transplantation.

Separation density prediction of geldart A^(-)dense medium in gas-solid fluidized bed coal beneficiators

Gas-solid Fluidized Bed Coal Beneficiator(GFBCB)process is a crucial dry coal beneficiation fluidization technology.The work employs the GFBCB process alongside a novel Geldart A^(-)dense medium,consisting of Geldart A magnetite particles and Geldart C ultrafine coal,to separate small-size separated objects in the GFBCB.The effects of various operational conditions,including the volume fraction of ultrafine coal,the gas velocity,the separated objects size,and the separation time,were investigated on the GFBCB's separation performance.The results indicated that the probable error for 6∼3 mm separated objects could be controlled within 0.10 g/cm^(3).Compared to the traditional Geldart B/D dense medium,the Geldart A/A^(-)dense medium exhibited better size-dependent separation performance with an overall probable error 0.04∼0.12 g/cm^(3).Moreover,it achieved a similar separation accuracy to the Geldart B/D dense medium fluidized bed with different external energy for the small-size object beneficiation.The work furthermore validated a separation density prediction model based on theoretical derivation,available for both Geldart B/D dense medium and Geldart A/A^(-)dense medium at different operational conditions.

Fluidization stability and periodic fluctuations in gas–solid separation fluidized bed using Geldart A dense medium

Gas–solid separation fluidized bed is a typical method for coal separation without water utilization.Geldart A particles is also considered as the ideal dense medium to strengthen separation efficiency.Fluidization stability reflects the bed pressure fluctuations and the distribution of bubble and emulsion phases,affecting the separation performance.And the main frequency of pressure fluctuations can directly reflect the degree of pressure fluctuations.Therefore,the detailed fluidization stability is analyzed combined the method of standard deviation of pressure fluctuations,power spectral density,etc.,for Geldart A particles.The results showed that maintaining an appropriate gas velocity resulted in an average bed pressure of around 2000 Pa.The main frequency is mainly concentrated around 1–1.5 Hz.Finally,a prediction model of the main frequency of pressure fluctuations is established,and the error can be controlled within±0.15.The investigation further proved the stable fluidization of Geldart A particles and provides a method for predicting the main frequency of pressure fluctuations in the gas–solid separation fluidized bed.

Dense Pellicular Agarose-Glass Beads for Expanded Bed Application: Flow Hydrodynamics and Solid Phase Classifications

Two dense pellicular agarose-glass matrices of different sizes and densities, i.e., AG-S and AG-L, have been characterized for their bed expansion behavior, flow hydrodynamics and particle classifications in an expanded bed system. A 26 mm ID column with side ports was used for sampling the liquid-solid suspension during expanded bed operations. Measurements of the collected solid phase at different column positions yielded the particle size and density distribution data. It was found that the composite matrices showed particle size as well as density classifications along the column axis, i.e., both the size and density of each matrix decreased with increasing the axial bed height. Their axial classifications were expressed by a correlation related to both the particle size and density as a function of the dimensionless axial bed height. The correlation was found to fairly describe the solid phase classifications in the expanded bed system. Moreover, it can also be applied to other two commercial solid matrices designed for expanded bed applications.

重介分选密度智能控制系统在济二煤矿选煤厂的应用

阐述了济宁二号煤矿选煤厂针对重介分选密度控制问题,以数字化建设为基础,依托人工智能技术进行了智能化建设的探索。基于完善的生产传感器,采集原煤灰分、入洗煤量、磁性物含量、精煤灰分等生产数据入库保存,作为智能控制系统的数据基础。基于盘古大模型和优化求解技术构建重介分选密度设定值的智能推荐系统,并将推荐的分选密度自动下发到PLC系统执行,形成完整的生产闭环。生产实践表明,该系统控制得到的精煤产品灰分稳定性更高,精煤理论产率相比人工控制提升0.334%。

重介质分选过程中悬浮液密度和黏度控制算法研究

为了解决传统的重介质分选过程忽略悬浮液黏度的建模与控制问题,首先分析了重介质分选工艺流程,以控制磁性物含量的方式控制黏度。然后建立了以补水阀和分流阀为控制量,悬浮液密度和磁性物含量为被控量的双输入、双输出控制模型。最后设计出基于模型预测控制(MPC)的悬浮液密度和黏度控制器。仿真结果表明:与传统的PID和前馈解耦控制器相比,MPC算法的超调量更小、抗干扰能力和鲁棒性更强。

高含量重密度组分煤重介质旋流器分选特性研究

为了提高重介质旋流器对高含量重密度组分难选原煤的分选效率,设计了新型重介质旋流器模型装置,建立了颗粒在离心旋转流场中沉降分离数学模型,采用试验与理论分析相结合的方法研究新型重介质旋流器的分选特性,揭示高含量重密度组分难选煤分选特性随工艺参数的变化规律,探索影响新型重介质旋流器流场工作悬浮液动态稳定性的因素及重产物排料输运机制。研究结果表明,新型重介质旋流器分选高含量重密度组分煤时,底流重产物排料能力强、处理量大;离心旋流场中的悬浮液密度梯度分布小、密度相对均匀,底流与溢流密度差值较低,流场中悬浮液稳定性更强;入料的压力与悬浮液动态稳定性、分选精度及重产物排料效率直接相关,随着入料的压力增大,底流、溢流口排出悬浮液密度差值增大,可能偏差E值降低,分选精度提高,重产物排出量升高;当入料的压力为25 kPa时,实际分选密度为1.666 g/cm^(3),可能偏差E值为0.09 g/cm^(3),重产物产率为75.23%。本研究为高含量重密度组分煤的分选提供了新的思路。

基于时间序列对齐和TCNformer的重介精煤灰分多步预测

由于在重介分选过程中各个传感器位置不同,导致重介分选主要工艺参数与灰分存在时间滞后,影响了精煤灰分结果。基于回归模型的灰分预测方法缺乏对时间序列信息的利用,无法捕捉重介生产过程随时间变化的动态特性;基于时间序列的灰分预测方法未能充分考虑灰分和重介分选主要工艺参数之间的时间依赖关系。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于时间序列对齐和TCNformer的重介精煤灰分多步预测方法。通过滞后相关性分析来量化灰分与重介分选主要工艺参数之间的滞后步长,依此对重介分选主要工艺参数在时间维度上进行移动,使得灰分和重介分选主要工艺参数时间序列对齐,消除灰分和重介分选主要工艺参数之间的时间滞后。在Transformer模型的基础上,引入时间卷积网络(TCN)提取特征,并将单向编码器扩展为双向编码器,构建了TCNformer模型来实现精煤灰分多步预测。将时间序列对齐得到的与未来时刻灰分数据对应的过程变量序列作为解码器的输入,以提升模型预测精度。实验结果表明:该方法的平均绝对误差为0.1579%,均方根误差为0.2152%,平均皮尔逊相关系数为0.5051,能有效提升精煤灰分预测精度。

基于机器学习的Geldart A类加重质流化床的床层膨胀特性研究

为了预测Geldart A类加重质的膨胀特征,通过床层塌落试验,研究了床层流化过程中的气泡相和乳化相的组成与操作因素之间的关联,构建了操作气速、静止床高以及床层膨胀高度的数据集,进行了数据统计分布和相关性分析,利用具有最佳超参数的GBDT模型成功模拟了膨胀高度和影响变量之间的非线性关系,分析了特征变量的敏感性。结果表明,随着气速的逐渐增加,乳化相与气泡相的膨胀呈现先增加并略有减小的规律。对于不同的初始床高与床层膨胀高度,气泡相组成不受其变化的影响且组成比例相对稳定。操作气速的重要性得分是0.68,是膨胀高度最敏感的变量。而静止床高的重要得分仅为0.32,表明此变量对床层膨胀的影响较小。此外,由部分相关性分析可知,床层的膨胀高度对操作气速的依赖性具有一定的敏感性区间。

干法重介质流化床中加重质颗粒与煤表面碰撞黏附特性研究

【目的】流态化干法分选技术是气固两相理论在选煤领域的拓展延伸。使用干法重介质流化床对原煤进行分选时,煤炭的表面水分便随着气流携带、颗粒运动等因素在床层中运移扩散,导致加重质发生颗粒团聚现象。颗粒聚团是由于流体作用以及颗粒间耗散作用形成的颗粒富集,是一种不均匀的介尺度结构。颗粒聚团可降低流化质量,导致床层失稳,床层内部密度分布不均,产品质量变差。【方法】以颗粒碰撞黏附过程为切入点,探究潮湿条件下加重质颗粒与煤表面之间的碰撞黏附特性。【结果】结果表明,随着碰撞速度的增加,颗粒法向碰撞恢复系数呈上升趋势;相同湿度条件下,碰撞速度相同时,恢复系数随着颗粒粒径的增加而呈上升趋势;潮湿条件下流化床中颗粒间碰撞的主要能量损失为颗粒表面黏弹性损失及液桥黏附能损失,随着相对湿度的增加,液桥力引起的黏附能损失逐渐增大,颗粒恢复系数显著降低。【结论】揭示了颗粒聚团碰撞黏附机理,这为实现分选流化床中颗粒聚团的调控、维持床层稳定流化、提高流化床分选效果提供理论依据。

磁场对重介质旋流器分选精度的影响

为了研究径向向内磁场力对旋流器分选精度的影响,构建了实验室磁力调控型重介质旋流器分选系统,通过进行重介质旋流器分选单因素试验,发现增加电流强度和线圈匝数,可以有效地提高重介质旋流器分选精度,降低分选密度。以可能偏差Ep作为正交试验响应值,应用软件Design-expert进行正交试验设计,基于响应面法研究了入料压力、电流强度和线圈匝数的协同作用,深入探究外加磁场对分选精度的影响规律。结果表明:在正交区间内,Ep与入料压力、电流强度和线圈匝数均呈负线性相关,各因素间相互独立;对可能偏差Ep影响程度按大小排序为线圈匝数>电流强度>入料压力;当在入料压力0.04 MPa,电流强度3 A,线圈匝数1 000匝时,可能偏差Ep=0.026 8 g/cm^(3),相较于无磁场状态时重介质旋流器分选精度提高了51.71%。

重介旋流器分选密度磁调控方法及规律

神东煤炭集团对优质煤进行高效分选技术研究,通过调整重介旋流器的结构参数,优化其运行性能,使其能够适应煤制油选煤厂目前的煤质条件。项目成功实施后,不仅优化了生产指标,确保精煤产品的质量稳定,还减少了精煤的损失,为选煤厂带来显著的经济效益。此外,该技术也适用于神东洗选中心其他选煤厂中存在的煤炭流失问题,其研究开发为当地形成了一套适应煤质特性的重介旋流洗选设备,提供了技术支持,解决了长期存在的问题。