Preparation and Application of Natural Bactericidal Deodorizer

Jasmine essential oil and lemon essential oil were selected for deodorizing ingredient.Lysine and silver ions were selected as auxiliary raw material.The product was prepared by emulsion dissolution technology.The minimum inhibitory concentration of various bacteria were during 100~2,000 mg/L.In the test,the germicidal efficiency of 2.0%(w/w)deodorant was 99%.The removal efficiency of trimethylamine and methanthiol were more than 95%by 3.0%(w/w).deodorant.The removal efficiency of ammonia and methanthiol were more than 92%by 3.0%(w/w)deodorant.In addition,The removal efficiency of isovaleric acid was 98%by 2.0%(w/w)deodorant.In analysis result,common pathogenic bacteria were effectively suppressed,kitchen and toilet odors were efficiently removed by natural plant deodorant.

Comparison and Analysis of Fabric Deodorization Test Methods

The test methods of deodorization fabric are studied in daily life. In view of different deodorization fabrics and source gases,the detector tube method and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ( GC-FID ) method were chosen to test the deodorizing rates of fabric and the influencing factors on deodorization test were discussed. Through the two methods,the residual concentration of odorous substance after adsorption can be measured,and the deodorizing rates of deodorization fabric can be got by calculation. The results show that the two test methods are both appropriate for deodorization test of fabric.

Effects of Tocols Rich Fraction Isolated from Rice Bran Oil Deodorizer Distillate on Plasma and Hepatic Lipid Concentrations in Rats

A great deal of attention has been focused on the potential health benefits of using rice bran oil because it is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD) is a byproduct obtained from distillation of rice bran oil. Elevated plasma cholesterol level is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tocols (tocopherols + tocotrienols) rich fraction isolated from RBODD on plasma and liver lipid concentrations in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly assigned into three groups: normal fat control (NFC), high fat control (HFC) and high fat diet plus tocols rich fraction (RBODD). RBODD was administered daily for 3 weeks by oral gavage using 5% of Tween-80 as a vehicle. The rats in the control groups received 5% of Tween-80 alone in the same manner. Blood samples and livers were collected at the end of the feeding period. RBODD group had significantly lower plasma triglyceride levels compared to the HFC group (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes for plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found in RBODD compared with HFC. Compared to the rat fed HFC, hepatic free fatty acids were significantly reduced in the rats with the RBODD treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the tocols rich fraction isolated from RBODD is associated with decreased plasma triglyceride and hepatic free fatty acids concentrations. Further study is needed to investigate the mechanism and optimal dose by which isomers of tocols lower triglyceride concentrations.

Identification of Odor Volatile Compounds and Deodorization ofPaphia undulata Enzymatic Hydrolysate

Unfavorable fishy odour is an inevitable problem in aquatic products. In the present study, headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS) analysis of volatiles from untreated samples and three deodorized samples(under the optimal conditions) of Paphia undulata enzymatic hydrolysate revealed that the compounds contributing to the distinctive odor were 1-octen-3-ol, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, 2,4-heptadienal, and 2,4-decadienal, whereas n-pentanal, n-octanal, n-octanol, benzaldehyde, 2-ethylfuran and 2-pentylfuran were the main contributors to the aromatic flavor. The deodorizing effects of activated carbon(AC) adsorption, yeast extract(YE) masking and tea polyphenol(TP) treatment on a P. undulata enzymatic hydrolysate were investigated using orthogonal experiments with sensory evaluation as the index. The following optimized deodorization conditions were obtained: AC adsorption(35 mg mL^(-1), 80℃, 40 min), YE masking(7 mg mL^(-1), 45℃, 30 min) and TP treatment(0.4 mg mL^(-1), 40℃, 50 min). AC adsorption effectively removed off-flavor volatile aldehydes and ketones. YE masking modified the odor profile by increasing the relative contents of aromatic compounds and decreasing the relative contents of aldehydes and ketones. The TP treatment was not effective in reducing the odor score, but it significantly reduced the relative content of aldehydes while increasing that of alkanes. It is also notable that TP effectively suppressed trimethylamine(TMA) formation in a P. undulate hydrolysate solution for a period of 72 h.

Study on contrast test of PPC pre-oxidation and coagulation for algae removal and deodorization

The effect of treating algae-bearing water and induced odor by use of permanganate potassium composite (PPC) pre-oxidation was investigated, and was compared with the effect of treatments by pre-chlorination, permanganate potassium pre-oxidation and simple coagulation. The results showed that simple coagulation and pre-chlorination were less effective in removing algae and its odor, whereas PPC pre-oxidation was the most effective in algae removal and deodorization. Upon oxidation with PPC, the cells of Oscillatoria agardhic were inactivated and some intra-cellular and extra-cellular components were released into the water, which may help the coagulation by their bridging effect. The efficient removal of algae by PPC pre-oxidation is believed to be the joint contribution of several mechanisms.

Valorization of sustainable vegetable oil deodorizer distillate as a novel fatliquor

The deodorizer distillate(DD)is a byproduct of vegetable oil processing industry and is rich in functional bioactive components.This study aimed to employ phosphorylation modification for DD to produce a new sustainable fatliquor.The bioactive ingredients in DD,namely fatty acids,sterols,and tocopherols,were determined by using HPLC and GLC.The results revealed that the DD sample contained a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids(72.3%)and high levels ofγandδ-tocopherols(54.8%and 31.60%,respectively).Mechanical parameters(tensile strength,elongation at break,and tear strength)of leather were improved after being treated with the prepared fatliquor emulsion.Eventually,SEM showed that the texture of the fatliquored leather had been remarkably enhanced.Moreover,the fatliquored leather possessed effective antibacterial effect against the specified+ve,-ve bacteria,and Candida albicans microorganisms.The strength,fullness,soft handle,and elasticity of leather were all improved,and the grain of leather was protected from becoming loose after drying.

甲烷中四氢噻吩气体标准物质制备及应用

目的为天然气加臭剂的测量活动提供可追溯性,以保证检测结果的准确可靠。方法采用称量法研制了摩尔分数为1.00~20.00μmol/mol的甲烷中四氢噻吩气体标准物质,考查了该气体标准物质的均匀性和稳定性。依据该标准物质建立了硫化学发光检测器气相色谱仪(GC-SCD)测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法。结果制得的气体标准物质相对扩展不确定度为2%,k=2,国家标准物质证书编号为GBW(E)062460,采用GC-SCD测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法,在摩尔分数为0~5.00μmol/mol的范围内,线性良好,相关系数r=1.000,检出限低至0.03μmol/mol,并应用于天然气样品的测试,7次测量的相对标准偏差为2.1%~3.4%。结论基于有证标准物质进行量值溯源的GC-SCD测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法准确可靠,为天然气中加臭剂四氢噻吩的测量提供技术保障。

一株除臭固氮菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

为提高食品加工原料质量、降低环境污染,从自然界分离筛选出一株能有效减少鸡粪臭味及氮素流失的菌株JFN-1。通过形态学特征、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,JFN-1为假肠杆菌(Empedobacter falseni)。通过液态发酵得出:JFN-1菌株在硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶作用下,可以提高硝态氮、减少铵态氮含量以及减少氮类物质分解为氨气,从而减少氮素损失。通过单因素和正交优化试验,得到JFN-1菌株增殖培养基组成为可溶性淀粉8 g/L、牛肉膏20 g/L、硫酸镁4 g/L、氯化钠5 g/L,30℃培养20 h发酵液OD600可达到3.14,相比未优化培养基提高12.91倍,总氮含量提高2.14倍。通过固态发酵条件优化,得到JFN-1菌株固定氮素含量最多的固态发酵基质为菌糠15 g、麸皮15 g、豆粕1 g、糠醛渣2 g、硫酸铵0.165 g,在此条件下,总氮量提高196.42%。

酶解法制备禾虫多肽液的工艺优化及其脱腥工艺探究

目的应用单因素和响应面实验优化禾虫的酶解工艺,结合模糊数学法探究一种有效的脱腥方法。方法以中性蛋白酶为酶解剂,禾虫为主要原料,研究液料比、酶用量、时间、温度、pH对酶解效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,以液料比、酶解温度、酶用量为自变量,禾虫多肽液的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率为响应值,通过Box-Behnken响应面法分析不同因素对酶解效果的影响,确定酶解的最优组合,并应用美拉德反应、硅藻土和酵母粉对禾虫多肽液进行脱腥实验,模糊数学法评价3种脱腥处理的效果。结果根据响应面实验得出禾虫的最佳酶解组合为:液料比1:1(g/mL)、酶解温度60℃、中性蛋白酶用量2450 U/g,得到酶解液的DPPH自由基清除率47.25%±0.11%;禾虫多肽液脱腥的最佳处理为:酵母粉添加量0.7%,反应温度35℃,反应时间30 min。结论中性蛋白酶酶解禾虫制备禾虫多肽液并采用酵母粉脱腥效果最佳,为禾虫的精深加工提供借鉴,促进禾虫产业的发展。

复合微生物除臭液制备及其安全性与除臭效果评估

为制备复合微生物除臭液并评估其除臭效果和安全性,试验通过特殊营养液、光照厌氧处理从鸡粪样品中富集和扩增培养微生物菌液,从中筛选出最优复合微生物除臭液J9和J10,测定其生长曲线,并进行除臭效果试验和小鼠急性毒性检测。结果表明:J9和J10在扩增培养第2 d进入对数期,在第5~6 d进入稳定期。与不喷洒除臭液的对照组相比,筛选出的最优复合微生物除臭液J9和J10对鸡粪产生的NH_(3)和H_(2)S的去除率可高达82.41%和76.18%,显著(P<0.05)高于不喷洒除臭液的对照组。安全评价结果显示,复合微生物除臭液对小鼠急性经口毒性LD_(50)>40 g/kg体重,属于实际无毒级物质,具有较好的安全性。说明该复合微生物除臭液在实际应用中具有高效的除臭能力和安全性,并易制备。

禾虫酶解液脱腥的工艺优化

通过比较活性炭、绿茶、酵母3种不同脱腥处理对禾虫酶解液的脱腥效果,研究最佳的脱腥工艺。以禾虫酶解液为主要原料,进行活性炭吸附脱腥处理、绿茶掩盖脱腥处理、酵母发酵脱腥处理后,测定禾虫酶解上清液的澄清度、蛋白损失率,进行腥味感官评价,根据感官评价的模糊数学法评定出3种脱腥处理后腥味去除效果的强弱顺序。在此基础上,应用正交试验探究脱腥组合的禾虫酶解液脱腥效果,最终确定禾虫脱腥的最优工艺。结果表明,绿茶的脱腥效果最好,但蛋白质损失率较高;酵母的脱腥效果次之,而蛋白质损失率最低;活性炭的脱腥效果差且蛋白质损失率最高。对比绿茶和酵母的正交试验结果,确定禾虫酶解液最佳的脱腥方法是酵母处理,最优工艺为酵母用量0.6 g,温度35℃,时间30 min,经该工艺处理后,得到的禾虫酶解上清液澄清透亮、腥味较小、蛋白质损失率低。

天然植物提取物复合脱腥剂对牛胃脱腥效果评价及工艺优化

为提高牛胃综合利用,该研究旨在开发一种纯天然绿色、对产品品质影响较小的复合脱腥方法。以新鲜牛胃为原料,采用迷迭香提取物、海藻糖及食盐对其进行脱腥处理,以感官腥味值作为评价指标,在单因素试验基础上运用响应面优化脱腥条件,通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPEM-GC-MS)技术对牛胃脱腥前、后挥发性风味物质进行分析和鉴定。结果表明,牛胃最佳脱腥条件为迷迭香提取物0.17 g/100 mL,海藻糖2.25 g/100 mL,食盐0.64 g/100 mL,在此条件下脱腥效果显著。经HS-SPEM-GC-MS分析得出瘤胃的腥味活性物质可能是己醛、正辛醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇;网胃的腥味活性物质可能是己醛、正辛醛、壬醛;瓣胃的腥味活性物质可能是己醛、正辛醛、壬醛、4-甲基苯酚;皱胃的腥味活性物质可能是己醛、正辛醛、壬醛、反-2-辛烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、己酸、油酸。脱腥后4个胃室中醛类物质的种类和含量显著下降,酯、醇、酸类等物质均有不同程度的降低。因此,天然植物提取物复合脱腥剂在解决牛胃腥味和改善牛胃加工产品风味方面具有良好的应用前景。

好氧堆肥的生物除臭机制及原位控制技术进展

因子调控是实现好氧堆肥臭气原位控制的最主要途径之一。总结了好氧堆肥中原位生物除臭的过程机制,从主控环境因子调控的角度综述了碳氮比、通气量、温度、含水率和pH对原位生物除臭技术中微生物群落结构和代谢活性的影响,总结了覆盖除臭法、腐熟堆肥回流法、功能菌接种法和其他辅助方法等综合环境因子调控技术。研究发现,未来应在不同臭气的协同转化路径和微生物作用机制,主控环境因子对臭气物质去除的微生物代谢影响,生物除臭技术的联用及辅助方法的使用等方面加强研究,为原位生物除臭技术的优化和应用提供理论指导。

除臭菌的筛选及其在堆肥中的应用效果

【目的】筛选新型除臭菌,解决以鸡粪为主要原料的有机肥厂的臭气排放问题,为好氧堆肥生物除臭技术提供理论依据和支撑。【方法】以鸡粪为筛菌样品,利用定性初筛、驯化富集、分离纯化、定量复筛、拮抗试验以及耐药性试验筛选能够满足多重目标的除臭菌,并通过形态观察与16S rDNA测序鉴定菌株。将筛选获得的除臭菌株制成复合菌剂BH并应用于鸡粪堆肥,共设置3个处理,分别为对照CK(原料中不添加菌剂)、DT1(原料中添加1%除臭菌剂BH)、DT2(原料中添加1%的市售商品除臭菌剂)。在堆肥不同时期,分析测定堆体温度、pH、电导率(EC)、庆大霉素(GM)含量以及NH3排放量等指标,探讨耐药性除臭菌剂BH对堆肥过程的影响。【结果】初步筛选分离获得15株细菌,命名为BH1—BH15,未筛选到真菌;经复筛发现,菌株BH2、BH5、BH9、BH11、BH12和BH15对NH3的去除率较高,分别为48.8%、49.4%、45.8%、48.3%、51.0%和51.8%,且各菌株间无拮抗作用。对除臭菌株耐药性研究发现,菌株BH11和BH12对庆大霉素具有较强的耐受性;经形态学特征与分子生物学鉴定,菌株BH11为Bordetella sp.,BH12为Weeksella massiliensis。将菌株BH11和BH12制成复合菌剂BH,其除臭效果显著优于单一菌剂,NH3去除率高达65.8%。堆肥试验中,各处理高温期均持续9 d以上,实现了鸡粪的无害化处理;堆肥结束时各处理的pH稳定在8.4左右,处于5.5—8.5之间,EC在2.73—3.43 mS·cm^(-1)之间,低于4 mS·cm^(-1),表明物料可用作植物肥料且符合有机肥标准。研究发现,DT2处理的GM降解效率显著高于CK处理,表明商品菌剂能够促进庆大霉素降解。此外,堆肥过程中NH3的排放主要发生在堆肥升温期与高温期,且高温期的排放量高于升温期;与CK处理相比,菌剂BH显著抑制升温期NH3的排放,且除臭效果优于商品菌剂;而进入高温期后,商品菌剂除臭效果优于菌剂BH。【结论】筛选获得2株耐药性除臭菌,对NH3的去除率分别为48.3%(BH11)和51.0%(BH12),制成的复合菌剂BH对NH3的去除率高达65.8%。将菌剂BH应用于鸡粪堆肥,可以有效减少堆肥过程中NH3的排放,且各指标均符合堆肥腐熟标准。

大豆油脱臭馏分重相组分中甾醇酯的柱层析法分离提取

为减少甾醇酯的生产工序,提高大豆油脱臭馏分重相组分中总甾醇得率,采用柱层析法直接分离提取甾醇酯,通过单因素试验考察吸附剂种类、上样量、洗脱剂比例和柱长直比(填料高度与直径比)对甾醇酯产品纯度和得率的影响,确定最佳工艺条件,并对最佳工艺条件下分离提取的甾醇酯产品进行傅里叶红外光谱表征,以及甾醇组成和脂肪酸组成测定。结果表明,柱层析法分离提取甾醇酯的最佳工艺条件为吸附剂为硅胶(粒径50~75μm),上样量0.5 g,洗脱剂比例为正己烷、乙醚、冰乙酸体积比95∶5∶1,柱长直比16∶1。在最佳工艺条件下,甾醇酯产品纯度为(89.90±0.94)%,得率为(96.15±1.49)%;傅里叶红外光谱分析证实提取的产品中含甾醇酯,甾醇酯上的甾醇组成主要为β-谷甾醇、豆甾醇、菜油甾醇,脂肪酸组成主要为亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚麻酸。综上,柱层析法无需复杂工序,即可实现大豆油脱臭馏分重相组分中甾醇酯的有效回收。

羊肉中呈膻物质的形成机制及降膻方式的研究进展

羊肉是一种优质的肉类食品,具有很高的营养价值,但其典型的物种风味即膻味,影响羊肉的品质,限制消费者的接受程度。研究表明,引发羊肉膻味的主要物质有4-烷基支链脂肪酸、3-甲基吲哚、4-甲基苯酚、硬脂酸和氨基酸等。羊肉膻味物质的组成及形成途径较为复杂,受营养及饲养体系、品种、性别、年龄和组织部位等多种因素的影响,且膻味消减难度大。因此,本文就羊肉中呈膻物质的来源及其形成机制、影响羊肉呈膻物质形成的因素以及降膻方式进行综述,以期为科学调控羊肉及其制品的风味提供参考依据。

植物油脱臭馏出物的组成及品质分析

旨在为植物油脱臭馏出物(DD油)相关标准的制定以及产品的开发提供参考,收集了全球35个不同工厂来源大宗油料的DD油,对其理化指标、不皂化物和危害因子进行分析。结果表明:35个DD油样品的酸值(KOH)为68.1~191.3 mg/g,过氧化值为0.043~0.149 g/100 g,水分及挥发物含量为0.18%~1.98%,灰分含量均小于0.3 g/100 g,皂化值(KOH)为125.0~205.8 mg/g,不皂化物含量为2.80%~35.71%;DD油样品的植物甾醇含量为0.81%~18.23%,维生素E含量为0.13%~9.23%,角鲨烯含量为0.09%~2.56%;DD油样品中PAH4总含量为6.74~61.98μg/kg,6种邻苯二甲酸酯(DEP、DMP、DIBP、DBP、BBP、DEHP)总含量为1.12~17.57 mg/kg。不同DD油理化指标、维生素E和植物甾醇含量存在较大差异,且样品中多环芳烃和塑化剂的污染水平较高,在DD油相关标准的制定及产品开发的过程中应给予必要的关注。

乳酸菌发酵海带的脱腥工艺及成分分析研究

采用乳酸菌作为发酵菌种,以海带作为唯一营养源进行发酵,并对其发酵工艺进行优化,检测了发酵过程中可溶性固形物、总糖、总蛋白、氨基酸态氮和总还原力等指标的变化,对发酵前后有机酸、氨基酸进行了定性和定量分析,并结合感官评价和GC-MS(气相色谱质谱联用仪)对挥发性物质进行了相对定量表征。结果表明,乳酸菌混菌发酵海带的最适宜条件为温度40℃、料液比5%(g/mL)、接种量5%(mL/mL)、时间6 d。经过6 d乳酸菌发酵,海带中氨基酸态氮含量、总还原力显著提高,有机酸的量提高了76.51%,总氨基酸的量提高了10.55%,其中必需氨基酸提高了25.05%。GC-MS结果显示,发酵6 d后,海带挥发性成分中醛类、酚类等物质的比重减少,而酯类、醇类、酸类等物质的比重增加。感官评价结果表明,海带发酵后,其酱香味、酱香气、回味、酸味及总体质量等感官指标均明显提高,海藻味、鱼腥味明显减少,脱腥效果显著。本文研究结果为研发海带乳酸菌制品提供了理论和技术支持。

ZIF-8/纳米纤维素对竹木复合纤维除臭性能的影响

近年来,随着人们生活品质要求的不断提升,具有除臭性能好、吸收性能强和价格成本低廉的纤维材料在婴幼儿、成人除臭纸尿裤等卫生用品中的需求量不断增高。但目前市场上的除臭纤维基本存在除臭性能差、吸水性弱以及成本高的问题,严重制约我国除臭功能性纤维材料的国际竞争力。笔者以国内常见的白竹炭纤维和针叶木纤维为基本原料,以ZIF-8纳米粒子和纳米纤维素(CNF)为除臭改性填料,通过复合加工工艺,制备了兼具除臭和吸水功能的竹木复合除臭纤维,并探究了白竹炭纤维和针叶木纤维原料质量比、改性填料含量对复合除臭纤维微结构、吸水以及除氨气、硫化氢等臭味气体的影响规律。研究结果表明,所制备复合除臭纤维最佳工艺条件为针叶木纤维与白竹炭纤维绝干质量比为70∶30,ZIF-8和CNF的质量分数分别为7%和6%,23℃下风干处理24 h,在该工艺条件下制备的除臭纤维对氨气和硫化氢的消臭率分别为84.56%和83.11%,吸水量为8.4 g/g,除臭纤维性能达到国家标准GB/T 33610.2—2017(消臭率≥70%)的要求。

响应面法优化紫贻贝脱腥及预处理加工工艺

近些年来,预制菜成为人们日常生活中的餐桌美食,为开发紫贻贝预制菜,以紫贻贝为原料,改善紫贻贝的腥味和预处理加工工艺。首先研究了紫贻贝原料的脱腥工艺,以感官指标为考察对象,通过单因素试验和响应面分析法优化工艺参数,最终确定100 mL脱腥液中含有料酒3.5 g、姜5 g、葱4 g和花椒1.1 g。在脱腥的基础上,以质构、蒸煮损失率和色差为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对紫贻贝预处理工艺进行研究,得到最佳工艺参数:腌制时间40 min、汆水时间4 min和汆水温度90℃。该试验为紫贻贝预制菜产品的开发提供了理论依据。