Preparation and Application of Natural Bactericidal Deodorizer

Jasmine essential oil and lemon essential oil were selected for deodorizing ingredient.Lysine and silver ions were selected as auxiliary raw material.The product was prepared by emulsion dissolution technology.The minimum inhibitory concentration of various bacteria were during 100~2,000 mg/L.In the test,the germicidal efficiency of 2.0%(w/w)deodorant was 99%.The removal efficiency of trimethylamine and methanthiol were more than 95%by 3.0%(w/w).deodorant.The removal efficiency of ammonia and methanthiol were more than 92%by 3.0%(w/w)deodorant.In addition,The removal efficiency of isovaleric acid was 98%by 2.0%(w/w)deodorant.In analysis result,common pathogenic bacteria were effectively suppressed,kitchen and toilet odors were efficiently removed by natural plant deodorant.

Comparison and Analysis of Fabric Deodorization Test Methods

The test methods of deodorization fabric are studied in daily life. In view of different deodorization fabrics and source gases,the detector tube method and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector ( GC-FID ) method were chosen to test the deodorizing rates of fabric and the influencing factors on deodorization test were discussed. Through the two methods,the residual concentration of odorous substance after adsorption can be measured,and the deodorizing rates of deodorization fabric can be got by calculation. The results show that the two test methods are both appropriate for deodorization test of fabric.

Identification of Odor Volatile Compounds and Deodorization ofPaphia undulata Enzymatic Hydrolysate

Unfavorable fishy odour is an inevitable problem in aquatic products. In the present study, headspace solid-phase mi- croextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC-MS） analysis of volatiles from untreated samples and three deodorized samples （under the optimal conditions） ofPaphia undulata enzymatic hydrolysate revealed that the compounds contrib- uting to the distinctive odor were 1-octen-3-ol, n-hexanal, n-heptanal, 2,4-heptadienal, and 2,4-decadienal, whereas n-pentanal, n-octanal, n-octanol, benzaldehyde, 2-ethylfuran and 2-pentylfuran were the main contributors to the aromatic flavor. The deodoriz- ing effects of activated carbon （AC） adsorption, yeast extract （YE） masking and tea polyphenol （TP） treatment on a P. undulata en- zymatic hydrolysate were investigated using orthogonal experiments with sensory evaluation as the index. The following optimized deodorization conditions were obtained： AC adsorption （35 mg mL-1, 80℃, 40 rain）, YE masking （7 mgmL l, 45 ℃, 30 min） and TP treatment （0.4mgmL-l, 40℃, 50min）. AC adsorption effectively removed off-flavor volatile aldehydes and ketones. YE masking modified the odor profile by increasing the relative contents of aromatic compounds and decreasing the relative contents of aldehydes and ketones. The TP treatment was not effective in reducing the odor score, but it significantly reduced the relative content of alde- hydes while increasing that of alkanes. It is also notable that TP effectively suppressed trimethylamine （TMA） formation in a P. un- dulate hydrolysate solution for a period of 72 h.

Study on contrast test of PPC pre-oxidation and coagulation for algae removal and deodorization

The effect of treating algae-bearing water and induced odor by use of permanganate potassium composite （PPC） pre-oxidation was investigated, and was compared with the effect of treatments by pre-chlorination, permanganate petassium pre-oxidation and simple coagulation. The results showed that simple coagulation and pre-chlorination were less effective in removing algae and its odor, whereas PPC pre-oxidation was the most effective in algae removal and deodorization. Upon oxidation with PPC, the cells of Oscillatoria agardhic were inactivated and some intra-cellular and extra-cellular components were released into the water, which may help the coagulation by their bridging effect. The efficient removal of algae by PPC pre-oxidation is believed to be the joint contribution of several mechanisms.

Effects of Tocols Rich Fraction Isolated from Rice Bran Oil Deodorizer Distillate on Plasma and Hepatic Lipid Concentrations in Rats

A great deal of attention has been focused on the potential health benefits of using rice bran oil because it is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Rice bran oil deodorizer distillate (RBODD) is a byproduct obtained from distillation of rice bran oil. Elevated plasma cholesterol level is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tocols (tocopherols + tocotrienols) rich fraction isolated from RBODD on plasma and liver lipid concentrations in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly assigned into three groups: normal fat control (NFC), high fat control (HFC) and high fat diet plus tocols rich fraction (RBODD). RBODD was administered daily for 3 weeks by oral gavage using 5% of Tween-80 as a vehicle. The rats in the control groups received 5% of Tween-80 alone in the same manner. Blood samples and livers were collected at the end of the feeding period. RBODD group had significantly lower plasma triglyceride levels compared to the HFC group (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes for plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found in RBODD compared with HFC. Compared to the rat fed HFC, hepatic free fatty acids were significantly reduced in the rats with the RBODD treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the tocols rich fraction isolated from RBODD is associated with decreased plasma triglyceride and hepatic free fatty acids concentrations. Further study is needed to investigate the mechanism and optimal dose by which isomers of tocols lower triglyceride concentrations.

Valorization of sustainable vegetable oil deodorizer distillate as a novel fatliquor

The deodorizer distillate(DD)is a byproduct of vegetable oil processing industry and is rich in functional bioactive components.This study aimed to employ phosphorylation modification for DD to produce a new sustainable fatliquor.The bioactive ingredients in DD,namely fatty acids,sterols,and tocopherols,were determined by using HPLC and GLC.The results revealed that the DD sample contained a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids(72.3%)and high levels ofγandδ-tocopherols(54.8%and 31.60%,respectively).Mechanical parameters(tensile strength,elongation at break,and tear strength)of leather were improved after being treated with the prepared fatliquor emulsion.Eventually,SEM showed that the texture of the fatliquored leather had been remarkably enhanced.Moreover,the fatliquored leather possessed effective antibacterial effect against the specified+ve,-ve bacteria,and Candida albicans microorganisms.The strength,fullness,soft handle,and elasticity of leather were all improved,and the grain of leather was protected from becoming loose after drying.

Rexona deodorant

Taiwan Residents pop singer Elva Hsiao demonstrates Rexona deodorant’s residue-free application for a new commercial. With Rexona’s unique body-responsive technology, which releases extra protection as you need it, you’ll know that your deodorant won’t let you down.

甲烷中四氢噻吩气体标准物质制备及应用

目的为天然气加臭剂的测量活动提供可追溯性,以保证检测结果的准确可靠。方法采用称量法研制了摩尔分数为1.00~20.00μmol/mol的甲烷中四氢噻吩气体标准物质,考查了该气体标准物质的均匀性和稳定性。依据该标准物质建立了硫化学发光检测器气相色谱仪(GC-SCD)测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法。结果制得的气体标准物质相对扩展不确定度为2%,k=2,国家标准物质证书编号为GBW(E)062460,采用GC-SCD测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法,在摩尔分数为0~5.00μmol/mol的范围内,线性良好,相关系数r=1.000,检出限低至0.03μmol/mol,并应用于天然气样品的测试,7次测量的相对标准偏差为2.1%~3.4%。结论基于有证标准物质进行量值溯源的GC-SCD测定甲烷中四氢噻吩的方法准确可靠,为天然气中加臭剂四氢噻吩的测量提供技术保障。

一株除臭固氮菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件优化

为提高食品加工原料质量、降低环境污染,从自然界分离筛选出一株能有效减少鸡粪臭味及氮素流失的菌株JFN-1。通过形态学特征、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,JFN-1为假肠杆菌(Empedobacter falseni)。通过液态发酵得出:JFN-1菌株在硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶作用下,可以提高硝态氮、减少铵态氮含量以及减少氮类物质分解为氨气,从而减少氮素损失。通过单因素和正交优化试验,得到JFN-1菌株增殖培养基组成为可溶性淀粉8 g/L、牛肉膏20 g/L、硫酸镁4 g/L、氯化钠5 g/L,30℃培养20 h发酵液OD600可达到3.14,相比未优化培养基提高12.91倍,总氮含量提高2.14倍。通过固态发酵条件优化,得到JFN-1菌株固定氮素含量最多的固态发酵基质为菌糠15 g、麸皮15 g、豆粕1 g、糠醛渣2 g、硫酸铵0.165 g,在此条件下,总氮量提高196.42%。

酶解法制备禾虫多肽液的工艺优化及其脱腥工艺探究

目的应用单因素和响应面实验优化禾虫的酶解工艺,结合模糊数学法探究一种有效的脱腥方法。方法以中性蛋白酶为酶解剂,禾虫为主要原料,研究液料比、酶用量、时间、温度、pH对酶解效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,以液料比、酶解温度、酶用量为自变量,禾虫多肽液的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除率为响应值,通过Box-Behnken响应面法分析不同因素对酶解效果的影响,确定酶解的最优组合,并应用美拉德反应、硅藻土和酵母粉对禾虫多肽液进行脱腥实验,模糊数学法评价3种脱腥处理的效果。结果根据响应面实验得出禾虫的最佳酶解组合为:液料比1:1(g/mL)、酶解温度60℃、中性蛋白酶用量2450 U/g,得到酶解液的DPPH自由基清除率47.25%±0.11%;禾虫多肽液脱腥的最佳处理为:酵母粉添加量0.7%,反应温度35℃,反应时间30 min。结论中性蛋白酶酶解禾虫制备禾虫多肽液并采用酵母粉脱腥效果最佳,为禾虫的精深加工提供借鉴,促进禾虫产业的发展。

茶叶或茶多酚基狗咬胶对犬口腔护理效果的影响

狗咬胶是一种具有口腔清洁作用的宠物护理零食,通过体外模拟与动物试验考察茶叶与茶多酚狗咬胶对犬口腔除臭与牙齿护理方面的功效。通过体外模拟清除异味试验测定乌龙茶、红茶、普洱茶对硫化氢气体的清除效果,结果显示乌龙茶的除臭效果较佳。采用乌龙茶质量分数为0.5%~2.0%、茶多酚质量分数为0.25%~0.75%的狗咬胶产品进行为期3周的动物试验,结果表明,随着有效物质质量分数的增加,犬口腔内的硫化氢气体清除率不断上升,当乌龙茶质量分数为2.0%或茶多酚质量分数为0.75%时,犬口腔内硫化氢气体清除率接近100%,且牙垢清除率显著提高,达到60%以上。总酚质量分数与口腔改善效果的拟合分析表明,随着总酚质量分数的增加,犬口腔内的硫化氢气体清除率、牙垢清除率均得到提高,且总酚质量分数与硫化氢气体清除率和牙垢清除率具备较强的正相关性,从而证明了茶叶与茶多酚狗咬胶在犬口腔护理方面的积极作用。

复合微生物除臭液制备及其安全性与除臭效果评估

为制备复合微生物除臭液并评估其除臭效果和安全性,试验通过特殊营养液、光照厌氧处理从鸡粪样品中富集和扩增培养微生物菌液,从中筛选出最优复合微生物除臭液J9和J10,测定其生长曲线,并进行除臭效果试验和小鼠急性毒性检测。结果表明:J9和J10在扩增培养第2 d进入对数期,在第5~6 d进入稳定期。与不喷洒除臭液的对照组相比,筛选出的最优复合微生物除臭液J9和J10对鸡粪产生的NH_(3)和H_(2)S的去除率可高达82.41%和76.18%,显著(P<0.05)高于不喷洒除臭液的对照组。安全评价结果显示,复合微生物除臭液对小鼠急性经口毒性LD_(50)>40 g/kg体重,属于实际无毒级物质,具有较好的安全性。说明该复合微生物除臭液在实际应用中具有高效的除臭能力和安全性,并易制备。

消毒机对NDV和IBV消毒及鸡舍除臭效果的检测与评价

试验旨在研究消毒机对空气中新城疫病毒(NDV) Lasota株和传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV) HV80株的消毒效果及在鸡舍内除臭效果。将两种病毒在试验仓中形成气溶胶,测定使用消毒机消毒后不同时间点试验仓中的病毒效价,与对照组比较后计算病毒消杀率。在养殖数量为2 000羽的蛋鸡舍开展除臭试验,设5个臭气采集点,分别于消毒机使用前后共5个时间点,采用氨气和硫化氢二合一便携式检测仪检测鸡舍内氨气和硫化氢浓度并计算臭气降解率。结果显示:消毒机运行40 min对NDV Lasota株消杀率达99.99%,运行20 min对IBV HV80株的消杀率达99.87%。消毒机运行60 min后对鸡舍中氨气和硫化氢的降解率均达到90%以上。研究表明,消毒机不仅对病毒具有良好的消杀能力,同时对于鸡舍环境的改善也具有较好的辅助作用。

禾虫酶解液脱腥的工艺优化

通过比较活性炭、绿茶、酵母3种不同脱腥处理对禾虫酶解液的脱腥效果,研究最佳的脱腥工艺。以禾虫酶解液为主要原料,进行活性炭吸附脱腥处理、绿茶掩盖脱腥处理、酵母发酵脱腥处理后,测定禾虫酶解上清液的澄清度、蛋白损失率,进行腥味感官评价,根据感官评价的模糊数学法评定出3种脱腥处理后腥味去除效果的强弱顺序。在此基础上,应用正交试验探究脱腥组合的禾虫酶解液脱腥效果,最终确定禾虫脱腥的最优工艺。结果表明,绿茶的脱腥效果最好,但蛋白质损失率较高;酵母的脱腥效果次之,而蛋白质损失率最低;活性炭的脱腥效果差且蛋白质损失率最高。对比绿茶和酵母的正交试验结果,确定禾虫酶解液最佳的脱腥方法是酵母处理,最优工艺为酵母用量0.6 g,温度35℃,时间30 min,经该工艺处理后,得到的禾虫酶解上清液澄清透亮、腥味较小、蛋白质损失率低。

除臭菌的筛选及其在堆肥中的应用效果

【目的】筛选新型除臭菌,解决以鸡粪为主要原料的有机肥厂的臭气排放问题,为好氧堆肥生物除臭技术提供理论依据和支撑。【方法】以鸡粪为筛菌样品,利用定性初筛、驯化富集、分离纯化、定量复筛、拮抗试验以及耐药性试验筛选能够满足多重目标的除臭菌,并通过形态观察与16S rDNA测序鉴定菌株。将筛选获得的除臭菌株制成复合菌剂BH并应用于鸡粪堆肥,共设置3个处理,分别为对照CK(原料中不添加菌剂)、DT1(原料中添加1%除臭菌剂BH)、DT2(原料中添加1%的市售商品除臭菌剂)。在堆肥不同时期,分析测定堆体温度、pH、电导率(EC)、庆大霉素(GM)含量以及NH3排放量等指标,探讨耐药性除臭菌剂BH对堆肥过程的影响。【结果】初步筛选分离获得15株细菌,命名为BH1—BH15,未筛选到真菌;经复筛发现,菌株BH2、BH5、BH9、BH11、BH12和BH15对NH3的去除率较高,分别为48.8%、49.4%、45.8%、48.3%、51.0%和51.8%,且各菌株间无拮抗作用。对除臭菌株耐药性研究发现,菌株BH11和BH12对庆大霉素具有较强的耐受性;经形态学特征与分子生物学鉴定,菌株BH11为Bordetella sp.,BH12为Weeksella massiliensis。将菌株BH11和BH12制成复合菌剂BH,其除臭效果显著优于单一菌剂,NH3去除率高达65.8%。堆肥试验中,各处理高温期均持续9 d以上,实现了鸡粪的无害化处理;堆肥结束时各处理的pH稳定在8.4左右,处于5.5—8.5之间,EC在2.73—3.43 mS·cm^(-1)之间,低于4 mS·cm^(-1),表明物料可用作植物肥料且符合有机肥标准。研究发现,DT2处理的GM降解效率显著高于CK处理,表明商品菌剂能够促进庆大霉素降解。此外,堆肥过程中NH3的排放主要发生在堆肥升温期与高温期,且高温期的排放量高于升温期;与CK处理相比,菌剂BH显著抑制升温期NH3的排放,且除臭效果优于商品菌剂;而进入高温期后,商品菌剂除臭效果优于菌剂BH。【结论】筛选获得2株耐药性除臭菌,对NH3的去除率分别为48.3%(BH11)和51.0%(BH12),制成的复合菌剂BH对NH3的去除率高达65.8%。将菌剂BH应用于鸡粪堆肥,可以有效减少堆肥过程中NH3的排放,且各指标均符合堆肥腐熟标准。

天然植物提取物复合脱腥剂对牛胃脱腥效果评价及工艺优化

为提高牛胃综合利用,该研究旨在开发一种纯天然绿色、对产品品质影响较小的复合脱腥方法。以新鲜牛胃为原料,采用迷迭香提取物、海藻糖及食盐对其进行脱腥处理,以感官腥味值作为评价指标,在单因素试验基础上运用响应面优化脱腥条件,通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,HS-SPEM-GC-MS)技术对牛胃脱腥前、后挥发性风味物质进行分析和鉴定。结果表明,牛胃最佳脱腥条件为迷迭香提取物0.17 g/100 mL,海藻糖2.25 g/100 mL,食盐0.64 g/100 mL,在此条件下脱腥效果显著。经HS-SPEM-GC-MS分析得出瘤胃的腥味活性物质可能是己醛、正辛醛、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇;网胃的腥味活性物质可能是己醛、正辛醛、壬醛;瓣胃的腥味活性物质可能是己醛、正辛醛、壬醛、4-甲基苯酚;皱胃的腥味活性物质可能是己醛、正辛醛、壬醛、反-2-辛烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、己酸、油酸。脱腥后4个胃室中醛类物质的种类和含量显著下降,酯、醇、酸类等物质均有不同程度的降低。因此,天然植物提取物复合脱腥剂在解决牛胃腥味和改善牛胃加工产品风味方面具有良好的应用前景。

植物油脱臭馏出物的组成及品质分析

旨在为植物油脱臭馏出物(DD油)相关标准的制定以及产品的开发提供参考,收集了全球35个不同工厂来源大宗油料的DD油,对其理化指标、不皂化物和危害因子进行分析。结果表明:35个DD油样品的酸值(KOH)为68.1~191.3 mg/g,过氧化值为0.043~0.149 g/100 g,水分及挥发物含量为0.18%~1.98%,灰分含量均小于0.3 g/100 g,皂化值(KOH)为125.0~205.8 mg/g,不皂化物含量为2.80%~35.71%;DD油样品的植物甾醇含量为0.81%~18.23%,维生素E含量为0.13%~9.23%,角鲨烯含量为0.09%~2.56%;DD油样品中PAH4总含量为6.74~61.98μg/kg,6种邻苯二甲酸酯(DEP、DMP、DIBP、DBP、BBP、DEHP)总含量为1.12~17.57 mg/kg。不同DD油理化指标、维生素E和植物甾醇含量存在较大差异,且样品中多环芳烃和塑化剂的污染水平较高,在DD油相关标准的制定及产品开发的过程中应给予必要的关注。

响应面法优化紫贻贝脱腥及预处理加工工艺

近些年来,预制菜成为人们日常生活中的餐桌美食,为开发紫贻贝预制菜,以紫贻贝为原料,改善紫贻贝的腥味和预处理加工工艺。首先研究了紫贻贝原料的脱腥工艺,以感官指标为考察对象,通过单因素试验和响应面分析法优化工艺参数,最终确定100 mL脱腥液中含有料酒3.5 g、姜5 g、葱4 g和花椒1.1 g。在脱腥的基础上,以质构、蒸煮损失率和色差为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对紫贻贝预处理工艺进行研究,得到最佳工艺参数:腌制时间40 min、汆水时间4 min和汆水温度90℃。该试验为紫贻贝预制菜产品的开发提供了理论依据。

高级氧化工艺对饮用水控藻除嗅的研究进展

当前各水源地水华暴发现象频发,导致水源水质污染严重。土臭素(GSM)和2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)是较为常见的藻类代谢嗅味产物,也是导致水体产生土臭味的主要原因。常规除藻技术虽然能够去除水体中的藻类,但对其生成的嗅味产物去除效果不佳,因此,亟需新技术在除藻的情况下实现同步去除嗅味产物。文中结合藻类与嗅味产物的相关性,综述常规除藻技术的局限性,介绍高级氧化工艺(AOPs)对于两者去除的研究应用,并认为AOPs将成为同步除藻除嗅技术的研究热点,为同时除藻除嗅技术进一步研究与应用提供理论依据。

超薄玻璃基板深加工项目生产废水预处理工程设计

某废水处理工程建设规模为17800 m^(3)/d,文中介绍了该处理工程的概况、工艺流程以及主要构筑物的工艺设计。工程预计进水组成中,工业废水占有相当的比例,主要以电子废水为主。为解决废水可生化性较差、污水处理难度较大的问题,预处理采用高效水解工艺,降低工业废水毒性,改善废水可生化性,确保二级处理系统稳定运行。污水处理主体工艺推荐采用较长泥龄延时曝气,强化脱氮两级AO工艺,提高难降解有机物去除率。绝大部分进水都具有强酸性或者强碱性,且酸碱性波动范围较大,容易对污水处理流程造成冲击,对污水处理建构筑物造成较大腐蚀。此外,在废水处理站进水端设置较长停留时间的调节池,对来水进行均质调节,在一定程度上可以使废水的pH处在较为稳定的范围内;在废水处理站设置监测排放池,尾水排放前仍有应急调节pH的可能,确保尾水达标排放。通过技术经济比较论证,本次扩能工程拟采用不同类污水分质组合处理的工艺技术路线,提高处理效率,降低建设及运行成本。采用先进的上流式水解污泥床水解反应池池型,并加盖除臭、景观绿化,收集和处理构筑物内的臭气。调试运行结果表明,项目工艺流程及参数设置能够满足各类废水处理排放要求。