This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory s...This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotubes and computer modeling and the design of different artifacts.展开更多
The issues of reducing CO_2 levels in the atmo-sphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources,and dealing with indus trial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the e...The issues of reducing CO_2 levels in the atmo-sphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources,and dealing with indus trial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. The latest advances in CO_2 mineralization technology involving natural minerals and industrial waste are summarized in this paper, with great emphasis on the advancement of fundamental science, economic evaluation, and engineering applications. We discuss several lead-ing large-scale CO_2 mineralization methodologies from a techn ical and engineering-science perspective. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technical parameters, reaction pathway, reactivity, procedural scheme, and laboratorial and pilot devices. Furthermore, we present a discussion of each technology based on experimental results and the literature. Finally, current gaps in knowledge are identified in the conclusion, and an overview of the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field is provided.展开更多
The concept of " natural forces" is proposed in farming field for the first time,and the core theory of Fenlong tillage is illustrated. This tillage method provides " super plough layer" and "...The concept of " natural forces" is proposed in farming field for the first time,and the core theory of Fenlong tillage is illustrated. This tillage method provides " super plough layer" and " super groundwater reservoir" by the machine,including six vertical spiral drills,can smash the soil vertically,without disorganizing soil layer. And this tillage method releases five " natural forces" with infinite space and time,including natural soil activation forces,natural fertility forces,natural water control forces,natural environment improvement forces,and natural river driving forces by activating various land resources. Fenlong tillage can significantly increase the source of high-quality food for human,and solve the problem of natural disasters by natural forces curing itself. It is proposed that the implementation of the " six key projects" by the " natural forces" of Fenlong tillage can solve the deep problems in China. The researchers suggest establishing Fenlong tillage great science engineering which could solve the problem of harmonious symbiosis between man and nature. The present results indicate that Fenlong tillage erupts super natural forces with infinite space and time,which can be used as a deep tillage practice to maintain the natural and environmental beauty of the earth forever.展开更多
With this work, we introduce a novel method for the unsupervised learning of conceptual hierarchies, or concept maps as they are sometimes called, which is aimed specifically for use with literary texts, as such disti...With this work, we introduce a novel method for the unsupervised learning of conceptual hierarchies, or concept maps as they are sometimes called, which is aimed specifically for use with literary texts, as such distinguishing itself from the majority of research literature on the topic which is primarily focused on building ontologies from a vast array of different types of data sources, both structured and unstructured, to support various forms of AI, in particular, the Semantic Web as envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee. We first elaborate on mutually informing disciplines of philosophy and computer science, or more specifically the relationship between metaphysics, epistemology, ontology, computing and AI, followed by a technically in-depth discussion of DEBRA, our dependency tree based concept hierarchy constructor, which as its name alludes to, constructs a conceptual map in the form of a directed graph which illustrates the concepts, their respective relations, and the implied ontological structure of the concepts as encoded in the text, decoded with standard Python NLP libraries such as spaCy and NLTK. With this work we hope to both augment the Knowledge Representation literature with opportunities for intellectual advancement in AI with more intuitive, less analytical, and well-known forms of knowledge representation from the cognitive science community, as well as open up new areas of research between Computer Science and the Humanities with respect to the application of the latest in NLP tools and techniques upon literature of cultural significance, shedding light on existing methods of computation with respect to documents in semantic space that effectively allows for, at the very least, the comparison and evolution of texts through time, using vector space math.展开更多
本文汇总2014—2023年国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部在生物医学工程/再生医学方向面上项目、青年科学基金项目与地区科学基金项目(简称“面青地项目”)的申请与资助情况,同时分析近10年相关领域的文献报道热点,为该领域的进一步高...本文汇总2014—2023年国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部在生物医学工程/再生医学方向面上项目、青年科学基金项目与地区科学基金项目(简称“面青地项目”)的申请与资助情况,同时分析近10年相关领域的文献报道热点,为该领域的进一步高水平发展提供参考依据。回顾性收集代码H28下面青地项目的申请与资助数据资料,主要包括:资助项数与资助经费、资助项目所在依托单位与省市分布、获资助申请人的年龄与职称分布、获资助项目申请书的关键词等内容。同时,基于Web of Science数据库对近10年发表的相关方向文献关键词进行汇总,利用CiteSpace 6.2.R4软件对关键词的热点聚类及时间分布进行分析。通过分析发现:在2014—2023年中,生物医学工程/再生医学方向共资助面青地项目1279项,包括面上项目623项、青年科学基金项目599项和地区科学基金项目57项,资助经费50799万元。其中2014年的资助项目数最少,2023年的资助项目数最多。该方向的项目资助主要集中在H2808、H2809及H2810,3个代码获资助项目数与经费总和分别占全部项目的65.9%及64.6%。上海市、上海交通大学分别是获资助项目数最多的地区、依托单位,分别占比14.7%和7.0%。31~35岁的申请人获资助项目数最多,共507项,占比39.6%。近10年该方向获资助面青地项目申请书中出现频率最高的中英文关键词都与纳米相关(纳米药物和nanomedicine),而在Web of Science数据库中已发表相关方向文献的热门关键词包括biomedical engineering、tissue engineering、biomedical applications等。近年来,国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部对生物医学工程/再生医学方向面青地项目的资助呈稳步上升趋势,资助领域广泛且重点明确,逐步建立以青年科研人员为主体的人才梯队。展开更多
‘Humic acids(HA)’are the major constituents of natural organic matter(NOM)derived from the plant or biological residues by decomposition and synthesis in natural ecosystems.They have been defined as relatively high ...‘Humic acids(HA)’are the major constituents of natural organic matter(NOM)derived from the plant or biological residues by decomposition and synthesis in natural ecosystems.They have been defined as relatively high molecular weight aggregates of macromolecules associations with series of highly reactive functional compounds,and considered to be as irreplaceable roles(such as the impact on global carbon and nitrogen dynamics,atmosphere,living plants,chemically reactive and NOM structure stabilization)in natural ecosystems[1].展开更多
文摘This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotubes and computer modeling and the design of different artifacts.
基金finance support of the Ministry of Science and Technology (State Key Research Plan, 2013BAC12B00)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21336004 and 51254002)
文摘The issues of reducing CO_2 levels in the atmo-sphere, sustainably utilizing natural mineral resources,and dealing with indus trial waste offer challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. The latest advances in CO_2 mineralization technology involving natural minerals and industrial waste are summarized in this paper, with great emphasis on the advancement of fundamental science, economic evaluation, and engineering applications. We discuss several lead-ing large-scale CO_2 mineralization methodologies from a techn ical and engineering-science perspective. For each technology option, we give an overview of the technical parameters, reaction pathway, reactivity, procedural scheme, and laboratorial and pilot devices. Furthermore, we present a discussion of each technology based on experimental results and the literature. Finally, current gaps in knowledge are identified in the conclusion, and an overview of the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field is provided.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(Guike AA17204037,Guike AA16380017)Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015YT60)Collaborative Innovation Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Guinongke 2017YZ06)
文摘The concept of " natural forces" is proposed in farming field for the first time,and the core theory of Fenlong tillage is illustrated. This tillage method provides " super plough layer" and " super groundwater reservoir" by the machine,including six vertical spiral drills,can smash the soil vertically,without disorganizing soil layer. And this tillage method releases five " natural forces" with infinite space and time,including natural soil activation forces,natural fertility forces,natural water control forces,natural environment improvement forces,and natural river driving forces by activating various land resources. Fenlong tillage can significantly increase the source of high-quality food for human,and solve the problem of natural disasters by natural forces curing itself. It is proposed that the implementation of the " six key projects" by the " natural forces" of Fenlong tillage can solve the deep problems in China. The researchers suggest establishing Fenlong tillage great science engineering which could solve the problem of harmonious symbiosis between man and nature. The present results indicate that Fenlong tillage erupts super natural forces with infinite space and time,which can be used as a deep tillage practice to maintain the natural and environmental beauty of the earth forever.
文摘With this work, we introduce a novel method for the unsupervised learning of conceptual hierarchies, or concept maps as they are sometimes called, which is aimed specifically for use with literary texts, as such distinguishing itself from the majority of research literature on the topic which is primarily focused on building ontologies from a vast array of different types of data sources, both structured and unstructured, to support various forms of AI, in particular, the Semantic Web as envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee. We first elaborate on mutually informing disciplines of philosophy and computer science, or more specifically the relationship between metaphysics, epistemology, ontology, computing and AI, followed by a technically in-depth discussion of DEBRA, our dependency tree based concept hierarchy constructor, which as its name alludes to, constructs a conceptual map in the form of a directed graph which illustrates the concepts, their respective relations, and the implied ontological structure of the concepts as encoded in the text, decoded with standard Python NLP libraries such as spaCy and NLTK. With this work we hope to both augment the Knowledge Representation literature with opportunities for intellectual advancement in AI with more intuitive, less analytical, and well-known forms of knowledge representation from the cognitive science community, as well as open up new areas of research between Computer Science and the Humanities with respect to the application of the latest in NLP tools and techniques upon literature of cultural significance, shedding light on existing methods of computation with respect to documents in semantic space that effectively allows for, at the very least, the comparison and evolution of texts through time, using vector space math.
文摘本文汇总2014—2023年国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部在生物医学工程/再生医学方向面上项目、青年科学基金项目与地区科学基金项目(简称“面青地项目”)的申请与资助情况,同时分析近10年相关领域的文献报道热点,为该领域的进一步高水平发展提供参考依据。回顾性收集代码H28下面青地项目的申请与资助数据资料,主要包括:资助项数与资助经费、资助项目所在依托单位与省市分布、获资助申请人的年龄与职称分布、获资助项目申请书的关键词等内容。同时,基于Web of Science数据库对近10年发表的相关方向文献关键词进行汇总,利用CiteSpace 6.2.R4软件对关键词的热点聚类及时间分布进行分析。通过分析发现:在2014—2023年中,生物医学工程/再生医学方向共资助面青地项目1279项,包括面上项目623项、青年科学基金项目599项和地区科学基金项目57项,资助经费50799万元。其中2014年的资助项目数最少,2023年的资助项目数最多。该方向的项目资助主要集中在H2808、H2809及H2810,3个代码获资助项目数与经费总和分别占全部项目的65.9%及64.6%。上海市、上海交通大学分别是获资助项目数最多的地区、依托单位,分别占比14.7%和7.0%。31~35岁的申请人获资助项目数最多,共507项,占比39.6%。近10年该方向获资助面青地项目申请书中出现频率最高的中英文关键词都与纳米相关(纳米药物和nanomedicine),而在Web of Science数据库中已发表相关方向文献的热门关键词包括biomedical engineering、tissue engineering、biomedical applications等。近年来,国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部对生物医学工程/再生医学方向面青地项目的资助呈稳步上升趋势,资助领域广泛且重点明确,逐步建立以青年科研人员为主体的人才梯队。
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51808519 and 41977030)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1906403).
文摘‘Humic acids(HA)’are the major constituents of natural organic matter(NOM)derived from the plant or biological residues by decomposition and synthesis in natural ecosystems.They have been defined as relatively high molecular weight aggregates of macromolecules associations with series of highly reactive functional compounds,and considered to be as irreplaceable roles(such as the impact on global carbon and nitrogen dynamics,atmosphere,living plants,chemically reactive and NOM structure stabilization)in natural ecosystems[1].
