Erosion-deposition patterns and depo-center movements in branching channels at the near-estuary reach of the Yangtze River

Channel evolution and depo-center migrations in braided reaches are significantly influenced by variations in runoff.This study examines the effect of runoff variations on the erosion-deposition patterns and depocenter movements within branching channels of the near-estuary reach of the Yangtze River.We assume that variations in annual mean duration days of runoff discharges,ebb partition ratios in branching channels,and the erosional/depositional rates of entire channels and sub-reaches are representative of variations in runoff intensity,flow dynamics in branching channels,and morphological features in the channels.Our results show that the north region of Fujiangsha Waterway,the Liuhaisha branch of Rugaosha Waterway,the west branch of Tongzhousha Waterway,and the west branch of Langshansha Waterway experience deposition or reduced erosion under low runoff intensity,and erosion or reduced deposition under high runoff intensity,with the depocenters moving upstream and downstream,respectively.Other waterway branches undergo opposite trends in erosion-deposition patterns and depo-center movements as the runoff changes.These morphological changes may be associated with trends in ebb partition ratio as the runoff discharge rises and falls.By flattening the intra-annual distribution of runoff discharge,dam construction in the Yangtze Basin has altered the ebb partition ratios in waterway branches,affecting their erosion-deposition patterns and depo-center movements.Present trends are likely to continue into the future due to the succession of large cascade dams under construction along the upper Yangtze and ongoing climate change.

台风“莫拉克”(2009)对浙闽沿岸泥质中心沉积有机质组成与分布的影响

台风是天气尺度上对海洋环境影响最大的海气相互作用过程之一,在短时间内会对影响海域的海洋环境(包括沉积有机质等)产生巨大的影响。本文基于夏季台风前、后采集的浙闽沿岸泥质中心沉积物的粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)以及碳同位素组成(δ^(13)C)的测试结果,分析了台风“莫拉克”(2009)对研究区沉积有机质来源及分布的影响,对比了台风“莫拉克”与其他不同路径的台风对沉积有机质分布影响的差异,探讨了影响差异的机制。结果显示,台风“莫拉克”(2009)对浙闽沿岸泥质区沉积物中TOC的来源和分布产生了显著影响。端元分析结果表明,浙闽沿岸泥质中心沉积物中有机碳主要来源于长江三角洲沉积物以及海洋自生有机质,在台风的影响下,浙闽沿岸泥质中心的初级生产力升高,进而增加了沉积物中海源有机碳的比例。同时,在台风的动力作用下,近岸沉积物发生了明显的侵蚀与再搬运,导致近岸沉积物中TOC的含量显著降低。受控于台风不对称风场造成的沉积动力差异,不同路径的台风会对研究区的物源输入、海洋生物地球化学以及沉积物的搬运改造等产生不同的影响,进而影响到沉积有机质的组成和分布。研究结果为全面认识极端海况影响下近岸陆架“碳埋藏”提供了科学依据。

浙闽沿岸南部泥质沉积中心表层沉积物粒度特征及其季节性差异

通过对浙闽沿岸南部泥质沉积中心15个站位夏季和冬季表层沉积物的粒度分析和对比,探讨了表层沉积物粒度的分布特征、季节性差异及其影响因素。研究结果表明,各站样品以黏土质粉砂为主,各粒度参数差别较小,平均粒径和标准偏差呈显著的负相关,偏态和尖态呈弱负相关。粒级—标准偏差曲线上,在4.92～6.46和25.32～33.27μm之间存在高峰值,在11.16～13.39μm之间为低谷值。粒度分布具有季节性差异,冬季样品各粒度参数分布范围均高于夏季,平均粒径(值)总体上比夏季的要小,偏态和尖态等值线的梯度明显大于夏季的。在粒级—标准偏差曲线上,冬季样品的变化程度要显著高于夏季的。粒度分布的差异主要受物质来源和海洋动力环境的季节性变化影响。

Study of an Uplift of Sargodha High by Stratigraphical and Structural Interpretation of an East-West Seismic Profile in Central Indus Basin, Pakistan

Research Area comprises of Punjab Monocline, Sulaiman Foredeep and Eastern Part of Sulaiman Fold Belt (from east to west) in Central Indus Basin, Pakistan. Sargodha High is located in northeast of a Seismic Profile AB. Time and Depth models show the subsurface crustal variations near Sargodha High, which separates Upper Indus Basin from Central Indus Basin. The deposition of Pre-Cambrian sediments is uniform in area and Paleozoic sediments (Permian & Cambrian) are thinning in west. Mesozoic sediments (Cretaceous, Jurassic & Triassic) and younger sediments (Paleocene) are not deposited in this part suggesting an uplift of Sargodha High during Paleozoic time. An uneven distribution of Paleozoic rocks shows some thickness in east but erosion, thinning and almost truncation in west indicate their depocenter in east. This also represents a time of uplift of Sargodha High that shifts depocenter westward. Seismic data show a thick Mesozoic deposition in west, which onlaps on the Permo-Triassic unconformity suggesting an area of non-deposition. The gradual uplift of Sargodha high continues, which tilts the Mesozoic strata forming wedge shape geometry.