Perovskite solar cells with TiO_2 electron transport layers exhibit power conversion efficiency(PCE) as high as 22.7% in single cells. However, the preparation process of the TiO_2 layer is adopted by an unscalable me...Perovskite solar cells with TiO_2 electron transport layers exhibit power conversion efficiency(PCE) as high as 22.7% in single cells. However, the preparation process of the TiO_2 layer is adopted by an unscalable method or requires high-temperature sintering, which precludes its potential use for mass production of flexible devices. In this study, a scalable low-temperature softcover-assisted hydrolysis(SAH) method is presented,where the precursor solution is sandwiched between a soft cover and preheated substrate to form a closed hydrolysis environment. Compact homogeneous TiO_2 films with a needle-like structure were obtained after the hydrolysis of a TiCl_4 aqueous solution. Moreover, by careful optimization of the TiO_2 fabrication conditions, a high PCE of 14.01% could be achieved for a solar module(4 × 4 cm^2) prepared using the SAH method. This method provides a novel approach for the efficient scale-up of the low-temperature TiO_2 film growth for industrial applications.展开更多
Based on the theoretical modelling of water-rock δD-δ18O isotopic exchange process,the evolution and sources of ore-forming fluid in four metallogenic epochs of the Jinduicheng su-perlarge-scale porphyry-type molybd...Based on the theoretical modelling of water-rock δD-δ18O isotopic exchange process,the evolution and sources of ore-forming fluid in four metallogenic epochs of the Jinduicheng su-perlarge-scale porphyry-type molybdenum deposit were investigated. It was revealed that in thepre-metallogenic and early-metallogenic epehs, the ore-forming fluid was a residual fluid derived from magmatic water-wall rock interaction at middle to high temperatures (T = 250 -500℃) and lower W/R ratios (0. 1 > = W/R >0.001 ), while in the metallogenic and Post-metallogenic epochs, the ore-forming nuid was a residual fluid derived from meteoric water-wallrock interaction at midd1e to lower temperatures (T = 150 - 310℃ ) and relatively high W/Rratios (0. 5 >W/R≥0.1 ). The meteoric water played an important role in molybdenum min-eralization, and at the main metallogenic epoch the W/R ratio reached its maximum value.展开更多
The deposit scale in the coal mine shaft usually causes serious accidents, such as making rope broken, cage seized or dropped. To solve this kind of problems, the re-search of the cutting scale mechanism was made, and...The deposit scale in the coal mine shaft usually causes serious accidents, such as making rope broken, cage seized or dropped. To solve this kind of problems, the re-search of the cutting scale mechanism was made, and a new type of removal scale equipment was made with using imported hard alloy material. The cutting experiment and actual cutting show that it can adapt to abominable condition in the shaft, such as narrow space, wet and excessive shaft crevice water and so on, and can work safely and reliably, and has high cutting scale efficiency. It can also cut out the deposit scale in the circular section of shaft.展开更多
Since the establishment of geological surveys in Southern Africa a lots of geological information has been systematically stored.Due to the vast amounts of data generated one of the main functions of
In this paper, to simulate the process of PECVD （plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition） of SiO2, the plasma chemistry and plasma density of SiH4/N2O mixture have been studied with an inductive coupled plasma mod...In this paper, to simulate the process of PECVD （plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition） of SiO2, the plasma chemistry and plasma density of SiH4/N2O mixture have been studied with an inductive coupled plasma model, and the level set methodology has been used to obtain the feature scale variation during the process. In this simulation, the goal is to fill a trench. We studied how ion sputtering and chamber pressure affect the feature scale model. After the simulation, we found that the trench will close up at the top after a few steps, and if we add the ion sputtering into the surface reactions, the trench top will close up a little later. When the chamber pressure is improved, the plasma density will increase, so the trench top will close up earlier. In semiconductor device manufacture, people can control the trench＇s feature scale through adjusting these two parameters.展开更多
Copper-molybdenum porphyry deposits of Russia (Sib eria) and Mongolia were formed within the interaction zone of the Siberian conti nent with Paleo-As ian (Pt 2-Pz 2), Paleo-Tethys (Pz 3) and Mongolo-Okhotsk (Pz 2-Mz)...Copper-molybdenum porphyry deposits of Russia (Sib eria) and Mongolia were formed within the interaction zone of the Siberian conti nent with Paleo-As ian (Pt 2-Pz 2), Paleo-Tethys (Pz 3) and Mongolo-Okhotsk (Pz 2-Mz) ocean s. Ore-beari ng magmatic (porphyry) complexes, which are closely associated in time and space with Cu-Mo mineralization, are represented by small stocks (up to 1 km 2) and numerous dikes of basic to acid composition. Rb-Sr and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating fix three temporal periods of activity o f ore-form ing process within Siberia and Mongolia which resulted in a wide appearance of C u-Mo porphyry mineralization. A series of large-scale deposits was formed at t ha t time: 1) Early Devonian (Mo-porphyry Sora deposit, Kuznetsk-Alatau; Cu-Mo- porp hyry Aksug deposit, Tuva), 2) Triassic (Cu-Mo-porphyry Erdenetuin-Obo, Northe rn Mongolia), 3) Late Jurassic (Cu-Mo-porphyry Zhireken and Shakhtama deposits, Eastern Transbaikalia). The deposits of small size were formed between these periods (Cu-Mo-porphyry Tsagan-Suburga, Cu-porphyry Kharmagtai deposits in Southern Mongolia, etc.). C u- Mo-porphyry deposits within Siberia and Mongolia as a whole were formed with a regular periodicity at 20～30 Ma intervals. Large copper-molybdenum porphyry deposits are characterized by the manifestat ion of multiple ore-forming processes which are related to separate pulses of o r e-bearing magmatism. Three pulses of ore-bearing magmatism are established at th e large scale Erdenetuin-Obo deposit: I-250～240 Ma, II-225～220 Ma, III-225 ～195 M a. Every magmatic pulse is accompanied by ore mineralization. The Erdenet ore di strict includes three deposits of different sizes. Large-scale deposits are in principle multi-stage formations. They are charac terized by the repeated manifestation of ore-bearing magmatism and the ore-for mi ng processes during the long period of geological time within a relatively limit ed space.展开更多
Boron doped diamond(BDD)performs well in electrochemical oxidation for organic pollutants thanks to its wide electrochemical window and superior chemical stability.We presented a method to obtain well-adherent large-s...Boron doped diamond(BDD)performs well in electrochemical oxidation for organic pollutants thanks to its wide electrochemical window and superior chemical stability.We presented a method to obtain well-adherent large-scale BDD/Nb electrode by the modified hot filament chemical vapor deposition system(HFCVD).SiC particles were sand blasted to enhance the adhesion of BDD coating.The BDD coating was then deposited on both sides of Nb which was placed vertically and closely with filament grids on both sides.The BDD/Nb electrodes had no deformation because the thermal deformations of the BDD films on both sides of the Nb substrate conteracted each other during cooling process after deposition.The surface morphology and purity of the BDD/Nb electrode were analyzed by Raman and scanning elestron microscope(SEM)techniques.Scratch test was used to investigate the adhesion of BDD films.The electrochemical performances were measured by cyclic voltammetry test.The BDD electrode at the B/C ratio of 2 000×10^(-6) held a higher oxygen evolution potential thanks to its high sp3 carbon content.Accelerated life test illustrated that the sandblasting pretreatment obviously enhanced the adhesion of BDD coating which resulted in a longer service duration than the un-sandblasted one.展开更多
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 11574199, 11674219)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (17ZR1414800)the Baotou-SJTU innovation guidance fund Project (17H100000514)
文摘Perovskite solar cells with TiO_2 electron transport layers exhibit power conversion efficiency(PCE) as high as 22.7% in single cells. However, the preparation process of the TiO_2 layer is adopted by an unscalable method or requires high-temperature sintering, which precludes its potential use for mass production of flexible devices. In this study, a scalable low-temperature softcover-assisted hydrolysis(SAH) method is presented,where the precursor solution is sandwiched between a soft cover and preheated substrate to form a closed hydrolysis environment. Compact homogeneous TiO_2 films with a needle-like structure were obtained after the hydrolysis of a TiCl_4 aqueous solution. Moreover, by careful optimization of the TiO_2 fabrication conditions, a high PCE of 14.01% could be achieved for a solar module(4 × 4 cm^2) prepared using the SAH method. This method provides a novel approach for the efficient scale-up of the low-temperature TiO_2 film growth for industrial applications.
文摘Based on the theoretical modelling of water-rock δD-δ18O isotopic exchange process,the evolution and sources of ore-forming fluid in four metallogenic epochs of the Jinduicheng su-perlarge-scale porphyry-type molybdenum deposit were investigated. It was revealed that in thepre-metallogenic and early-metallogenic epehs, the ore-forming fluid was a residual fluid derived from magmatic water-wall rock interaction at middle to high temperatures (T = 250 -500℃) and lower W/R ratios (0. 1 > = W/R >0.001 ), while in the metallogenic and Post-metallogenic epochs, the ore-forming nuid was a residual fluid derived from meteoric water-wallrock interaction at midd1e to lower temperatures (T = 150 - 310℃ ) and relatively high W/Rratios (0. 5 >W/R≥0.1 ). The meteoric water played an important role in molybdenum min-eralization, and at the main metallogenic epoch the W/R ratio reached its maximum value.
文摘The deposit scale in the coal mine shaft usually causes serious accidents, such as making rope broken, cage seized or dropped. To solve this kind of problems, the re-search of the cutting scale mechanism was made, and a new type of removal scale equipment was made with using imported hard alloy material. The cutting experiment and actual cutting show that it can adapt to abominable condition in the shaft, such as narrow space, wet and excessive shaft crevice water and so on, and can work safely and reliably, and has high cutting scale efficiency. It can also cut out the deposit scale in the circular section of shaft.
文摘Since the establishment of geological surveys in Southern Africa a lots of geological information has been systematically stored.Due to the vast amounts of data generated one of the main functions of
文摘In this paper, to simulate the process of PECVD （plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition） of SiO2, the plasma chemistry and plasma density of SiH4/N2O mixture have been studied with an inductive coupled plasma model, and the level set methodology has been used to obtain the feature scale variation during the process. In this simulation, the goal is to fill a trench. We studied how ion sputtering and chamber pressure affect the feature scale model. After the simulation, we found that the trench will close up at the top after a few steps, and if we add the ion sputtering into the surface reactions, the trench top will close up a little later. When the chamber pressure is improved, the plasma density will increase, so the trench top will close up earlier. In semiconductor device manufacture, people can control the trench＇s feature scale through adjusting these two parameters.
文摘Copper-molybdenum porphyry deposits of Russia (Sib eria) and Mongolia were formed within the interaction zone of the Siberian conti nent with Paleo-As ian (Pt 2-Pz 2), Paleo-Tethys (Pz 3) and Mongolo-Okhotsk (Pz 2-Mz) ocean s. Ore-beari ng magmatic (porphyry) complexes, which are closely associated in time and space with Cu-Mo mineralization, are represented by small stocks (up to 1 km 2) and numerous dikes of basic to acid composition. Rb-Sr and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating fix three temporal periods of activity o f ore-form ing process within Siberia and Mongolia which resulted in a wide appearance of C u-Mo porphyry mineralization. A series of large-scale deposits was formed at t ha t time: 1) Early Devonian (Mo-porphyry Sora deposit, Kuznetsk-Alatau; Cu-Mo- porp hyry Aksug deposit, Tuva), 2) Triassic (Cu-Mo-porphyry Erdenetuin-Obo, Northe rn Mongolia), 3) Late Jurassic (Cu-Mo-porphyry Zhireken and Shakhtama deposits, Eastern Transbaikalia). The deposits of small size were formed between these periods (Cu-Mo-porphyry Tsagan-Suburga, Cu-porphyry Kharmagtai deposits in Southern Mongolia, etc.). C u- Mo-porphyry deposits within Siberia and Mongolia as a whole were formed with a regular periodicity at 20～30 Ma intervals. Large copper-molybdenum porphyry deposits are characterized by the manifestat ion of multiple ore-forming processes which are related to separate pulses of o r e-bearing magmatism. Three pulses of ore-bearing magmatism are established at th e large scale Erdenetuin-Obo deposit: I-250～240 Ma, II-225～220 Ma, III-225 ～195 M a. Every magmatic pulse is accompanied by ore mineralization. The Erdenet ore di strict includes three deposits of different sizes. Large-scale deposits are in principle multi-stage formations. They are charac terized by the repeated manifestation of ore-bearing magmatism and the ore-for mi ng processes during the long period of geological time within a relatively limit ed space.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51575269,51275232)the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(No.ZBZZ005)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cutting Tools(No.ZD201305)
文摘Boron doped diamond(BDD)performs well in electrochemical oxidation for organic pollutants thanks to its wide electrochemical window and superior chemical stability.We presented a method to obtain well-adherent large-scale BDD/Nb electrode by the modified hot filament chemical vapor deposition system(HFCVD).SiC particles were sand blasted to enhance the adhesion of BDD coating.The BDD coating was then deposited on both sides of Nb which was placed vertically and closely with filament grids on both sides.The BDD/Nb electrodes had no deformation because the thermal deformations of the BDD films on both sides of the Nb substrate conteracted each other during cooling process after deposition.The surface morphology and purity of the BDD/Nb electrode were analyzed by Raman and scanning elestron microscope(SEM)techniques.Scratch test was used to investigate the adhesion of BDD films.The electrochemical performances were measured by cyclic voltammetry test.The BDD electrode at the B/C ratio of 2 000×10^(-6) held a higher oxygen evolution potential thanks to its high sp3 carbon content.Accelerated life test illustrated that the sandblasting pretreatment obviously enhanced the adhesion of BDD coating which resulted in a longer service duration than the un-sandblasted one.
