Advances in depressants for flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity:A critical review

The flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity can be achieved using selective depressants.In the flotation system of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals,depressants usually preferentially interact with the pyrite surface to render the mineral surface hydrophilic and hinder the adsorption of the collector.This review summarizes the advances in depressants for the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity.These advances include use of inorganic depressants (oxidants and sulfur–oxygen compounds),natural polysaccharides (starch,dextrin,konjac glucomannan,and galactomannan),modified polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose,polyacrylamide,lignosulfonate,and tricarboxylate sodium starch),organic acids (polyglutamic acid,sodium humate,tannic acid,pyrogallic acid,salicylic acid,and lactic acid),sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate,and diethylenetriamine.The potential application of specific inorganic and organic depressants in the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity is reviewed.The advances in the use of organic depressants with respect to the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals are comprehensively detailed.Additionally,the depression performances and mechanisms of different types of organic depressants on mineral surfaces are summarized.Finally,several perspectives on depressants vis-à-vis flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity are proposed.

Effectiveness of sodium silicate as gangue depressants in iron ore slimes flotation

The recovery of iron from the screw classifier overflow slimes by direct flotation was studied. The relative effectiveness of sodium silicates with different silica-to-soda mole ratios as depressants for silica and silicate bearing minerals was investigated. Silica-to-soda mole ratio and silicate dosage were found to have significant effect on the separation efficiency. The results show that an increase of Fe content in the concentrate is observed with concomitant reduction in SiO2 and A1203 levels when a particular type of sodium silicate at a proper dosage is used. The concentrate of 58.89wt% Fe, 4.68wt% SiO2, and 5.28wt% A1203 with the weight recovery of 38.74% and the metal recovery of 41.13% can be obtained from the iron ore slimes with 54.44wt% Fe, 6.72wt% SiO2, and 6.80wt% A1203, when NazSiO3 with a silica-to-soda mole ratio of 2.19 is used as a depressant at a feed rate of 0.2 kg/t.

Evaluation of graphite depressants in a poly-metallic sulfide flotation circuit

Synthetic dyes are commonly used for graphite depression in poly-metallic flotation circuits; however,these dyes can be very expensive. The aim of this study is to evaluate performance of certain low-cost alternative depressants for a complex lead-zinc(Pb-Zn) ore rich in graphite(Gr-C) on a conventional mini pilot-scale flotation circuit. The reagents used were commercial and industrial grade starch; agro-based waste-sugarcane bagasse and charred(burnt) bagasse powder. The primary evaluation criteria were quality(grades) of lead and zinc concentrates, their recoveries(%), and graphite rejection(%) in the tails.Benchmark tests using nigrosine as graphite depressant showed 94.3% rejection of Gr-C. The results with commercial starch were found as effective with 93.8% graphite rejection. Furthermore, bagasse powder showed potential in improving product quality(36.4% and 65.6% Pb grade and recovery) with an intermediate effectiveness in graphite rejection(85.6%). The order of effectiveness in Gr-C rejection follows nigrosine % commercial starch > bagasse > industrial starch > charred bagasse. In addition, the effect these depressants on silver(byproduct) grade and recovery was also investigated.

Polysaccharides-based pyrite depressants for green flotation separation:An overview

Froth flotation is an essential processing technique for upgrading low-grade ores.Flotation separation would not be efficient without chemical surfactants(collectors,depressants,frothers,etc.).Depressants play a critical role in the selective separation of minerals in that they deactivate unfavorable mineral surfaces and hinder them from floating into the flotation concentration zone.Pyrite is the most common and challenging sulfide gangue,and its conventional depressants could be highly harmful to nature and humans.Therefore,using available,affordable,eco-friendly polymers to assist or replace hazardous reagents is mandatory for a green transition.Polysaccharide-based(starch,dextrin,carboxymethyl cellulose,guar gum,etc.)polymers are one of the most used biodegradable depressant groups for pyrite depression.Despite the satisfactory flotation results obtained using these eco-friendly depressants,several gaps still need to be addressed,specifically in investigating surface interactions,adsorption mechanisms,and parameters affecting their depression performance.As a unique approach,this review comprehensively discussed previously conducted studies on pyrite depression with polysaccharide-based reagents.Additionally,practical suggestions have been provided for future assessments and developments of polysaccharide-based depressants,which pave the way to green flotation.This robust review also explored the depression efficiency and various adsorption aspects of naturally derived depressants on the pyrite surface to create a possible universal trend for each biodegradable depressant derivative.

Depressive disorder and antidepressants from an epigenetic point of view

Depressive disorder is a complex,heterogeneous disease that affects approximately 280 million people worldwide.Environmental,genetic,and neurobiological factors contribute to the depressive state.Since the nervous system is susceptible to shifts in activity of epigenetic modifiers,these allow for significant plasticity and response to rapid changes in the environment.Among the most studied epigenetic modifications in depressive disorder is DNA methylation,with findings centered on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene,the glucocorticoid receptor gene,and the serotonin transporter gene.In order to identify biomarkers that would be useful in clinical settings,for diagnosis and for treatment response,further research on antidepressants and alterations they cause in the epigenetic landscape throughout the genome is needed.Studies on cornerstone antidepressants,such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors,norepinephrine,and dopamine reuptake inhibitors and their effects on depressive disorder are available,but systematic conclusions on their effects are still hard to draw due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the studies.In addition,two novel drugs,ketamine and esketamine,are being investigated particularly in association with treatment of resistant depression,which is one of the hot topics of contemporary research and the field of precision psychiatry.

Gastrointestinal Microbiome and related metabolites in Depression and Antidepressants - a comprehensive review

Depression,a prevalent mood disorder,has emerged as a significant health concern in society.While the exact cause of depression remains incompletely understood,there is substantial evidence linking the gastrointestinal microbiome and its metabolites to this condition.Through combined multi-omics analysis,it has been observed that the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome,including Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,and Actinobacteria,undergoes significant alterations in depressed individuals.Moreover,the production of short-chain fatty acids,tryptophan,and bile acids by these gut microbes is also found to be modified in depression.Furthermore,studies have demonstrated that antidepressant medications exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with the gastrointestinal microbiome and their metabolites.This review provides an overview of the association between the gastrointestinal microbiome,related metabolites,and depression.It highlights the potential of these factors to serve as mechanisms of action for antidepressant medications.Additionally,the review summarizes the commonly used technical tools in depression research.

Molecular structures and activity of organic depressants for marmatite,jamesonite and pyrite flotation

Ten kinds of organic depressants were used to investigate the depressing performance on marmatite and pyrite.Flotation results show that the organic compounds only with single group of hydroxyl(-OH),carboxyl(-COOH) or amino(-NH2) in molecule are ineffective in depressing marmatite,jamesonite and pyrite.The combinations of these functional groups still cannot enhance the depressing ability of organic depressant.The thioglycollic acid containing reductive functional group(-SH) has a good depressing performance for marmatite and pyrite.The presence of benzene ring in molecule can enhance the depressing performance.The functional group electronegativity,hydrophilic-hydrophobic indexes and frontier orbital of organic depressants were calculated,and the criterion for the depressing effect of organic depressants to sulphide minerals was proposed.

Rheological Properties of Waxy Crude at a Low Temperature in the Presence of Pour Point Depressants

Pour point depressants （PPD） are used to improve the theology of waxy crude. The affect of various factors on the theological properties, and the thermal characteristics of waxy crude treated by PPD have been investigated. The conclusions are as follows： PPD can reduce the pour point and abnormal point of waxy crude, broaden the temperature range of Newtonian fluid of waxy crude, and lower greatly the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluid of waxy crude. The influence of reheating and high-rate shear on the effect of PPD mainly depends on their temperature. When the reheating temperature is more than the abnormal point of crude by 10℃, the reheating process has little effect on the modification effect of PPD. However, when the reheating temperature is below the abnormal point of crude, the reheating process will reduce the modification effect of PPD. When temperature is above the abnormal point of crude, the high-rate shear has little effect on the modification effect of PPD. At a temperature range where a lot of wax is precipitating, high-rate shear will greatly reduce the modification effect of PPD.

Utilization of polysaccharides as depressants for the flotation separation of copper/lead concentrate

The interaction mechanism between dextrin and minerals has been investigated through micro-flotation, adsorption density measurements, Fourier transform infrared ray (FTIR) spectroscopic studies and dissolution tests. Dextrin shows a good depressing action towards galena but not chalcopyrite. FTIR spectroscopic studies indicate that dextrin chemically adsorbed on galena surface in alkaline pH range. Dissolution tests confirm leaching action of metal ions from chalcopyrite and galena surfaces, and dextrin-lead ion interaction. Adsorption measurements present that the higher adsorption density of O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (IPETC) onto chalcopyrite than that onto galena, and IPETC adsorbed on galena decrease with increasing dextrin concentrations in the presence of dextrin, attesting the flotation results.

Antidepressants for bipolar disorder A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, controlled trials

OBJECTIVE： To examine the efficacy and safety of short-term and long-term use of antidepres- sants in the treatment of bipolar disorder. DATA SOURCES： A literature search of randomized, double-blind, controlled trials published until December 2012 was performed using the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. The keywords ＂bipolar disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, bipolar mania, bipolar depression, cyclothymia, mixed mania and depression, rapid cycling and bipolar disorder＂, AND ＂antidepressant agent, antidepressive agents second- generation, antidepressive agents tricyclic, monoamine oxidase inhibitor, noradrenaline uptake in- hibitor, serotonin uptake inhibitor, and tricyclic antidepressant agent＂ were used. The studies that were listed in the reference list of the published papers but were not retrieved in the above-mentioned databases were supplemented. STUDY SELECTION： Studies selected were double-blind randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in patients with bipolar disorder. All participants were aged 18 years or older, and were diagnosed as having primary bipolar disorder. Antidepressants or antidepressants combined with mood stabilizers were used in experimental interventions. Placebos, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and other antide pressants were used in the control interventions. Studies that were quasi-randomized studies, or used antidepressants in combination with antipsy- chotics in the experimental group were excluded. All analyses were conducted using Review Man- ager 5.1 provided by the Cochrane Collaboration.

Flotation separation depressants for scheelite and calcium-bearing minerals: A review

Owing to the depletion of wolframite, the focus of tungsten extraction has gradually shifted to scheelite. However, separating the associated minerals(e.g., apatite, fluorite, and calcite) and scheelite is challenging because their surface physicochemical properties are similar to those of scheelite. Fortunately, researchers have made substantial progress in separating the minerals of scheelite by using depressants. This study reviews the application and inhibition mechanism of inorganic depressants in obtaining tungsten from its calcium-bearing minerals. The application of new organic depressants in obtaining tungsten from its calcium-bearing minerals and the associated mechanisms are also summarized. After an objective assessment of inorganic and organic depressants’ advantages and disadvantages, possible future research directions for inorganic and organic depressants are proposed. Herein, we provide a theoretical basis for developing scheelite flotation depressants.

Advances in depressants used for pyrite fotation separation from coal/minerals

Pyrite is separated from other minerals mainly by fotation.However,the hydrophilicity of pyrite is afected by many factors,causing it to easily enter the concentrate and consequently reduce the quality of concentrate.Highly efcient pyrite depressants can be selectively adsorbed on the surface of pyrite to improve its hydrophilicity,thereby increasing the fotation separation efciency.Understanding the fundamental inhibition mechanism of depressants on pyrite is a prerequisite to improve the fotation desulfurization efciency.The inhibition ability and mechanism of diferent types of pyrite depressants are reviewed in this manuscript.In recent years,molecular simulation has increasingly become a powerful tool to study the interaction between reagents and minerals,shedding new light on the adsorption mechanisms of reagents on mineral surfaces at the atomic and electronic levels.The properties of sulfde mineral and fotation reagents as well as the microscopic adsorption mechanistic studies of reagents on mineral surfaces based on quantum chemistry and molecular simulation are also reviewed.

K2P channels and NMDA receptor as new targets of fast onset antidepressants

Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by diverse symptoms.There are big limitations of clinic medicine which highlighted an urgent and clear need for more efficacious and faster-acting therapeutic agents to treat patients with MDD,especially those who are refractory to the traditional antidepressants.In the present study,we assessed a novel compound,YY-21,from timosaponin B-Ⅲ derived from sarsasapogenin of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.We found that YY-21 obviously increased presynaptic glutamate release and enhanced long-term synaptic activity within 10 min as determined by excitatory postsynaptic current(EPSC) and field excitatory postsynaptic potential(fEPSP) in medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC) slices.YY-21 demonstrated anxiolytic-like effects following acute administration in animals and reversed the depressivelike and anxiety phenotypes induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CMS) with a relatively fast therapeutic onset.Our mechanism research reveals that NMDA receptors and two-pore domain potassium(K2P)(TREK1) channels emerged as new drug targets for faster acting antidepressants.K2 P channels generate leak currents that are responsible the maintenance of resting membrane potential.They are potential targets for the treatment of multiple diseases.Here we identify TKDC,an inhibitor of the TREK subfamily,including TREK1,TREK2 and TRAAK channels.Using TKDC as a chemical probe,a combined study of computations,mutagenesis,and electrophysiology reveal an allosteric ligand-binding site in the extracellular cap of the channels.The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that ligand-induced allosteric conformational transitions cause a blockage of the ion conductive pathway.The identification of the extracellular ligand-binding site is confirmed by the discovery of new inhibitors targeting this site using virtual screening.These results suggest that the extracellular cap of a K2P channel can act as a new allosteric site and may serve as a direct drug target.

Antidepressants combined with psychodrama improve the coping style and cognitive control network in patients with childhood trauma-associated major depressive disorder

BACKGROUND The use of antidepressant therapy alone has a limited efficacy in patients with childhood trauma-associated major depressive disorder(MDD).However,the effectiveness of antidepressant treatment combined with psychodrama in these patients is unclear.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of antidepressant treatment combined with psychodrama.METHODS Patients with childhood trauma-associated MDD treated with antidepressants were randomly assigned to either the psychodrama intervention(observation group)or the general health education intervention(control group)and received combination treatment for 6 mo.The observation group received general health education given by the investigator together with the“semi-structured group intervention model”of Yi Shu psychodrama.A total of 46 patients were recruited,including 29 cases in the observation group and 17 cases in the control group.Symptoms of depression and anxiety as well as coping style and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were assessed before and after the intervention.RESULTS Symptoms of depression and anxiety,measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale,Beck Depression Inventory,and Beck Anxiety Inventory,were reduced after the intervention in both groups of patients.The coping style of the observation group improved significantly in contrast to the control group,which did not.In addition,an interaction between treatment and time in the right superior parietal gyrus node was found.Furthermore,functional connectivity between the right superior parietal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus in the observation group increased after the intervention,while in the control group the connectivity decreased.CONCLUSION This study supports the use of combined treatment with antidepressants and psychodrama to improve the coping style of patients with childhood trauma-associated MDD.Functional connectivity between the superior parietal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus was increased after this combined treatment.We speculate that psychodrama enhances the internal connectivity of the cognitive control network and corrects the negative attention bias of patients with childhood trauma-associated MDD.Elucidating the neurobiological features of patients with childhood trauma-associated MDD is important for the development of methods that can assist in early diagnosis and intervention.

Flotation separation of arsenopyrite from several sulphide minerals with organic depressants

In this paper, the separation of arsenopyrite from chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena with organic depressants （guergum and sodium humic ） was discussed, and the functioning mechanism of those organic depressants was discussed. The experimental results of monomineral flotation indicated that both guergum and sodium humic have depressing effect on arsenopyrite in the presence of ethyl xanthate. Guergum and sodium humic showed different depressing ability to pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena, and the higher the pH value in pulp, the stronger the depressing ability. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric study showed that the adsorption layer of xanthate on surface of minerals had been desorhed by the two organic depressants, and the selective desorption of the collector layer was found from different minerals. The xanthate cover on minerals surface was set free when dosage of the organic depressants was high enough. For artificially-mixed minerals, the separation of arsenopyrite from other sulphides was successfully realized by controlling dosage of the organic depressants. And sodium humic had been concentrates in a commercial Lead-Zinc concentrator.

NP-16 K2P Channels and NMDA Receptor as New Targets of Fast Onset Antidepressants

Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by diverse symptoms.There are big limitations of clinic medicine which highlighted an urgent and clear need for more efficacious and faster-acting therapeutic agents to treat patients with MDD,especially those who are refractory to the traditional antidepressants.In the present study,we assessed a novel compound,YY-21,from timosaponin B-Ⅲderived from sarsasapogenin of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.We found that YY-21 obviously increased presynaptic glutamate release and enhanced long-term synaptic activity within 10 minutes as determined by excitatory postsynaptic current(EPSC)and field excitatory postsynaptic potential(fEPSP)in medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)slices.YY-21 demonstrated anxiolytic-like effects following acute administration in animals and reversed the depressive-like and anxiety phenotypes induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress(CMS)with a relatively fast therapeutic onset.Our mechanism research reveals that NMDA receptors and K2P(TREK1)channels emerged as new drug targets for faster acting antidepressants.Two-pore domain potassium(K2P)channels generate leak currents that are responsible the maintenance of resting membrane potential.They are potential targets for the treatment of multiple diseases.Here we identify TKDC,an inhibitor of the TREK subfamily,including TREK-1,TREK-2 and TRAAK channels.Using TKDC as a chemical probe,a combined study of computations,mutagenesis,and electrophysiology reveal an allosteric ligand-binding site in the extracellular cap of the channels.The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that ligandinduced allosteric conformational transitions cause a blockage of the ion conductive pathway.The identification of the extracellular ligand-binding site is confirmed by the discovery of new inhibitors targeting this site using virtual screening.These results suggest that the extracellular cap of a K2P channel can act as a new allosteric site and may serve as a direct drug target.

Use of antidepressants in diabetes patients not using drugs, but only monitoring blood glucose

Objective: Patients with diabetes have an increased Odds Ratio (OR) for depressive disor- der. We wanted to investigate if patients with metabolic syndrome and/or diabetes type 2 not treated with antidiabetic agents, have an OR for concurrent antidepressant use comparable to other types of diabetes. Methods: Drug delivery data from 25 pharmacies were analysed with respect to sale of antidepressants, oral antidiabetic agents, insulin and blood glucose test strips. Results: Total population of the area was 337,019, whereas 254,083 were 18 or older. Of these 20,139 were patients receiving insulin, oral antidiabetics, glucose test strips and/or antidepressants. Those receiving antidepressants were 5.8% of those 18 or older whereas 2.4% received any antidiabetic medication (including test strips for HBGM). For patients receiving no medications but test strips alone, the adjusted OR for use concurrent use of antidepressants was 1.62 (95% confidence interval: 1.19 - 2.23), p = 0.002. For insulin-only receiving patients, the adjusted OR was 1.65 (1.41 - 1.93), p = 0.000, whereas for patients receiving only oral antidiabetics, it was 1.53 (1.38 - 1.71), p = 0.000. Patients receiving both insulin and oral antidiabetics: 2.23 (1.75 - 2.85), p = 0.000. Conclusion: Patients receiving only blood glucose strips have an OR of concurrently receiving antidepressants, not different from those receiving insulin only or oral antidiabetics only.

Negative efficacy of antidepressants in pharmacotherapy of child and adolescent depression

Antidepressants are the main drugs used to treat depression,but they have not been shown to be effective in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.However,many adolescent depression treatment guidelines still recommend the use of antidepressants,especially specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors.Previous studies have suggested that antidepressants have little therapeutic effect but many side effects,such as switching to mania,suicide,and non-suicidal self injury(NSSI),in the treatment of child and adolescent depression.In the process of developing guidelines,drug recommendations should not only focus on impro-ving symptoms,but they should also consider potential side effects.This review discusses the serious side effects of antidepressants,including switching to mania,suicide,and NSSI.

Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.

Can acupuncture enhance therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants and reduce adverse drug reactions in patients with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Some depressed patients receive acupuncture as an adjunct to their conventional medications.Objective: This review aims to provide evidence on whether acupuncture can enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants for treating depression, and explore whether acupuncture can reduce the adverse reactions associated with antidepressants.Search strategy: English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)published until December 1, 2021.Inclusion criteria: RCTs with a modified Jadad scale score ≥ 4 were included if they compared a group of participants with depression that received acupuncture combined with antidepressants with a control group that received antidepressants alone.Data extraction and analysis: Meta-analysis was performed, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed based on Cochran’s Q statistic and its related P-value. Primary outcomes were the reduction in the severity of depression and adverse reactions associated with antidepressants, while secondary outcomes included remission rate, treatment response, social functioning, and change in antidepressant dose.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) framework was used to evaluate the overall quality of evidence in the included studies.Results: This review included 16 studies(with a total of 1958 participants). Most studies were at high risk of performance bias and at low or unclear risk of selection bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias, and other bias. Analysis of the 16 RCTs showed that, compared with antidepressants alone, acupuncture along with antidepressants reduced the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17(HAMD-17) scores(standard mean difference [SMD]-0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]-0.55 to-0.33, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 14%), Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) scores(SMD-0.53, 95% CI-0.84 to-0.23, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 79%), and the Side Effect Rating Scale(SERS) scores(SMD-1.11, 95% CI-1.56 to-0.66, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 89%). Compared with antidepressants alone, acupuncture along with antidepressants improved World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scores(SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.44, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 15%), decreased the number of participants who increased their antidepressant dosages(relative risk[RR] 0.32, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.48, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 0%), and resulted in significantly higher remission rates(RR1.52, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.83, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 0%) and treatment responses(RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.47, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 19%) in terms of HAMD-17 scores. The HAMD-17, SDS and SERS scores were assessed as low quality by GRADE and the other indices as being of moderate quality.Conclusion: Acupuncture as an adjunct to antidepressants may enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and reduce the adverse drug reactions in patients receiving antidepressants. These findings must be interpreted with caution, as the evidence was of low or moderate quality and there was a lack of comparative data with a placebo control.Systematic review registration: INPLASY202150008.