Blind identification and DOA estimation for array sources in presence of scattering

A novel identification method for point source,coherently distributed（CD） source and incoherently distributed（ICD） source is proposed.The differences among the point source,CD source and ICD source are studied.According to the different characters of covariance matrix and general steering vector of the array received source,a second order blind identification method is used to separate the sources,the mixing matrix could be obtained.From the mixing matrix,the type of the source is identified by using an amplitude criterion.And the direction of arrival for the array received source is estimated by using the matching pursuit algorithm from the vectors of the mixing matrix.Computer simulations validate the efficiency of the method.

Joint Estimation of 2-D DOA and Polarization by Using the Linear Array with Diverse Polarizations

A linear array of diversely polarized antennas with one pair of identical sensors is used to obtain closed-form unambiguous estimation of 2-D direction of arrival （DOA） and polarization. Spatial phase information together with weighted 3-D polarization-angular coherence structure （PACS） are first recovered with fourth-order cumulants manipulation via a new 2-D ESPRIT variant. Spatial filtering is performed to obtain the scaled PACS, from which the closed-form 2-D DOA and polarization estimates can be derived with only quadrant ambiguity involved. The undesired quadrant ambiguity can be further resolved by using the acquired estimate of spatial phase factor.

A Real-Valued 2D DOA Estimation Algorithm of Noncircular Signal via Euler Transformation and Rotational Invariance Property

The problem of two-dimensional(2 D)direction of arrival(DOA)estimation for double parallel uniform linear arrays is investigated in this paper.A real-valued DOA estimation algorithm of noncircular(NC)signal is proposed,which combines the Euler transformation and rotational invariance(RI)property between subarrays.In this work,the effective array aperture is doubled by exploiting the noncircularity of signals.The complex arithmetic is converted to real arithmetic via Euler transformation.The main contribution of this work is not only extending the NC-Euler-ESPRIT algorithm from uniform linear array to double parallel uniform linear arrays,but also constructing a new 2 Drotational invariance property between subarrays,which is more complex than that in NCEuler-ESPRIT algorithm.The proposed 2 DNC-Euler-RI algorithm has much lower computational complexity than2 DNC-ESPRIT algorithm.The proposed algorithm has better angle estimation performance than 2 DESPRIT algorithm and 2 D NC-PM algorithm for double parallel uniform linear arrays,and is very close to that of 2 D NC-ESPRIT algorithm.The elevation angles and azimuth angles can be obtained with automatically pairing.The proposed algorithm can estimate up to 2(M-1)sources,which is two times that of 2 D ESPRIT algorithm.Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)of noncircular signal is derived for the proposed algorithm.Computational complexity comparison is also analyzed.Finally,simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed algorithm.

DOA estimation of coexisted noncoherent and coherent signals via sparse representation of cleaned array covariance matrix

A new direction finding method is presented to deal with coexisted noncoherent and co- herent signals without smoothing operation. First the direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation task is herein reformulated as a sparse reconstruction problem of the cleaned array covariance matrix, which is processed to eliminate the affection of the noise. Then by using the block of matrices, the information of DOAs which we pursuit are implied in the sparse coefficient matrix. Finally, the sparse reconstruction problem is solved by the improved M-FOCUSS method, which is applied to the situation of block of matrices. This method outperforms its data domain counterpart in terms of noise suppression, and has a better performance in DOA estimation than the customary spatial smoothing technique. Simulation results verify the efficacy of the proposed method.

Super-resolution DOA estimation for correlated off-grid signals via deep estimator

This paper develops a deep estimator framework of deep convolution networks(DCNs)for super-resolution direction of arrival(DOA)estimation.In addition to the scenario of correlated signals,the quantization errors of the DCN are the major challenge.In our deep estimator framework,one DCN is used for spectrum estimation with quantization errors,and the remaining two DCNs are used to estimate quantization errors.We propose training our estimator using the spatial sampled covariance matrix directly as our deep estimator’s input without any feature extraction operation.Then,we reconstruct the original spatial spectrum from the spectrum estimate and quantization errors estimate.Also,the feasibility of the proposed deep estimator is analyzed in detail in this paper.Once the deep estimator is appropriately trained,it can recover the correlated signals’spatial spectrum fast and accurately.Simulation results show that our estimator performs well in both resolution and estimation error compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Direction-of-arrival estimation based on direct data domain (D3) method

A direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation algorithm based on direct data domain （D3） approach is presented. This method can accuracy estimate DOA using one snapshot modified data, called the temporal and spatial two-dimensional vector reconstruction （TSR） method. The key idea is to apply the D3 approach which can extract the signal of given frequency but null out other frequency signals in temporal domain. Then the spatial vector reconstruction processing is used to estimate the angle of the spatial coherent signal source based on extract signal data. Compared with the common temporal and spatial processing approach, the TSR method has a lower computational load, higher real-time performance, robustness and angular accuracy of DOA. The proposed algorithm can be directly applied to the phased array radar of coherent pulses. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed technique.

Direction of arrival estimation method based on quantum electromagnetic field optimization in the impulse noise

In order to resolve direction finding problems in the impulse noise,a direction of arrival(DOA)estimation method is proposed.The proposed DOA estimation method can restrain the impulse noise by using infinite norm exponential kernel covariance matrix and obtain excellent performance via the maximumlikelihood(ML)algorithm.In order to obtain the global optimal solutions of this method,a quantum electromagnetic field optimization(QEFO)algorithm is designed.In view of the QEFO algorithm,the proposed method can resolve the difficulties of DOA estimation in the impulse noise.Comparing with some traditional DOA estimation methods,the proposed DOA estimation method shows high superiority and robustness for determining the DOA of independent and coherent sources,which has been verified via the Monte-Carlo experiments of different schemes,especially in the case of snapshot deficiency,low generalized signal to noise ratio(GSNR)and strong impulse noise.Beyond that,the Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)of angle estimation in the impulse noise and the proof of the convergence of the QEFO algorithm are provided in this paper.

Wideband direction-of-arrival estimation based on cubic spline function

A new direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation algorithm for wideband sources is introduced, The new method obtains the output of the virtual arrays in the signal bandwidth using cubic spline function interpolation techniques. The narrowband high- resolution algorithm is then used to get the DOA estimation. This technique does not require any preliminary knowledge of DOA angles. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

Combining Self-Organizing Map and Lipschitz Condition for Estimation in Direction of Arrival

There are many DOA estimation methods based on different signal features, and these methods are often evaluated by experimental results, but lack the necessary theoretical basis. Therefore, a direction of arrival (DOA) estimation system based on self-organizing map (SOM) and designed for arbitrarily distributed sensor array is proposed. The essential principle of this method is that the map from distance difference of arrival (DDOA) to DOA is Lipschitz continuity, it indicates the similar topology between them, and thus Kohonen SOM is a suitable network to classify DOA through DDOA. The simulation results show that the DOA estimation errors are less than 1° for most signals between 0° to 180°. Compared to MUSIC, Root-MUSIC, ESPRIT, and RBF, the errors of signals under signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) declines from 20 dB to 2 dB are robust, SOM is better than RBF and almost close to MUSIC. Further, the network can be trained in advance, which makes it possible to be implemented in real-time.

TOFS:一种新的宽带源DOA估计算法(英文)

介绍了一种新的宽带源DOA估计方法:TOFS。与TOPS(投影子空间正交性测试)方法类似,该方法通过同时测试频域各频段噪声子空间与阵列搜索流型之间的正交性来进行DOA估计。作为对比,根据非相关MUSIC方法,提出了一种新的适用于宽带的非相关MUSIC方法,称为I-MUSIC方法。与宽带相关方法不同,TOFS方法不需要任何初始值的预估。与宽带非相关方法也不相同,TOFS方法同时测试各频段噪声子空间与阵列搜索流型之间的正交性。仿真了TOFS与I-MUSIC、CSSM、TOPS的性能比较。仿真结果表明,CSSM方法在低信噪比时有较好的性能,TOFS方法在中等信噪比以上时,有较好的性能。同时,TOFS方法避免了TOPS方法中常常出现的伪峰。

基于稀疏表示的OFDM信号的DOA估计

针对正交频分复用(OFDM),宽带信号波达方向(DOA)估计问题,提出一种基于宽带信号协方差矩阵稀疏表示的DOA估计方法。该方法是在协方差矩阵主对角线下对左下角三角形元素按各条对角线取平均值后形成一个新的向量,然后将该向量写成冗余字典形式。在冗余字典下对信号进行稀疏性约束形成二阶锥约束优化问题,再用工具箱SeDuMi来实现DOA估计。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法在低信噪比和少快拍数下分辨率很高,是一种有效的宽带信号DOA估计算法,此方法优于基于高阶累积量算法和宽带聚焦算法的DOA估计方法。

基于二阶统计特性的方向向量估计算法的DOA估计

为了减小天线阵流形误差对波达方向(DOA)估计结果的影响,以及克服基于传统盲源分离算法的DOA估计算法不能应用于少通道测向设备的不足,提出一种基于2阶统计特性的方向向量估计算法的DOA估计算法。首先,根据确定性最大似然(DML)估计算法谱函数的特征,构造关于协方差矩阵的酉约束下的优化问题;然后,通过优化该问题获得各个单信号的实际方向向量;最后,将各个单信号的实际方向向量输入到空间谱算法中实现DOA估计。由于将多信号的DOA估计转化为多个单信号的DOA估计,因此在天线阵列流形存在误差时,所提算法比传统的DOA方法具有更好的DOA估计性能。由于所提算法仅需使用协方差矩阵,因此所提算法可应用于少通道测向设备。由仿真实验结果可知,在阵列流形存在误差以及测向设备为少通道测向设备时,与传统DOA方法相比,所提算法的DOA估计的准确度、抗扰度以及分辨率更高。

基于稀疏恢复的快速高精度DOA估计算法

传统的基于稀疏恢复的波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计算法使用密集的采样网格,导致计算量显著增加,且对邻近入射信号的估计精度不高。针对这一问题,提出一种快速高精度DOA估计算法。该算法首先使用网格进化方法降低网格点总数。然后,对噪声方差和信号功率进行二次估计,进而使用离网求根稀疏贝叶斯学习(off-grid root sparse Bayesian learning,OGRSBL)技术来实现入射角的精确估计。仿真表明,相比传统稀疏贝叶斯学习类算法,所提算法计算效率高,同时对紧邻信号有着更好的估计能力。

Low-complexity method for DOA estimation based on ESPRIT

A low-complexity method for direction of arrival（DOA） estimation based on estimation signal parameters via rotational invariance technique（ESPRIT） is proposed.Instead of using the cross-correlation vectors in multistage Wiener filter（MSWF）,the orthogonal residual vectors obtained in conjugate gradient（CG） method span the signal subspace used by ESPRIT.The computational complexity of the proposed method is significantly reduced,since the signal subspace estimation mainly needs two matrixvector complex multiplications at the iteration of data level.Furthermore,the prior training data are not needed in the proposed method.To overcome performance degradation at low signal to noise ratio（SNR）,the expanded signal subspace spanned by more basis vectors is used and simultaneously renders ESPRIT yield redundant DOAs,which can be excluded by performing ESPRIT once more using the unexpanded signal subspace.Compared with the traditional ESPRIT methods by MSWF and eigenvalue decomposition（EVD）,numerical results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed method.

Computationally Efficient 2DDOA Estimation for Uniform Planar Arrays:RDROOTMUSIC Algorithm

The problem of two-dimensional direction of arrival(2D-DOA)estimation for uniform planar arrays(UPAs)is investigated by employing the reduced-dimensional(RD)polynomial root finding technique and 2D multiple signal classification(2D-MUSIC)algorithm.Specifically,based on the relationship between the noise subspace and steering vectors,we first construct 2D root polynomial for 2D-DOA estimates and then prove that the 2D polynomial function has infinitely many solutions.In particular,we propose a computationally efficient algorithm,termed RD-ROOT-MUSIC algorithm,to obtain the true solutions corresponding to targets by RD technique,where the 2D root-finding problem is substituted by two one-dimensional(1D)root-finding operations.Finally,accurate 2DDOA estimates can be obtained by a sample pairing approach.In addition,numerical simulation results are given to corroborate the advantages of the proposed algorithm.

Low complexity DOA estimation for massive UCA with single snapshot

In this paper, a low complexity direction of arrival(DOA) estimation method for massive uniform circular array(UCA) with single snapshot is proposed.Firstly, the coarse DOAs are estimated by finding the peaks from the circular convolution between a fixed coefficient vector and the received data vector.Thereafter, in order to refine coarse DOA estimates, we reconstruct the direction matrix based on the coarse DOA estimations and take the first order Taylor expansion with DOA estimation offsets into account.Finally, the refined estimations are obtained by compensating the offsets, which are obtained via least squares(LS) without any complex searches.In addition, the refinement can be iteratively implemented to enhance the estimation results.Compared to the offset search method, the proposed method achieves a better estimation performance while requiring lower complexity.Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Computationally efficient MUSIC based DOA estimation algorithm for FMCW radar

This paper proposes low-cost yet high-accuracy direction of arrival(DOA)estimation for the automotive frequency-modulated continuous-wave(FMcW)radar.The existing subspace-based DOA estimation algorithms suffer fromeither high computational costs or low accuracy.We aim to solve such contradictory relation between complexity and accuracy by using randomizedmatrix approximation.Specifically,we apply an easily-interpretablerandomized low-rank approximation to the covariance matrix(CM)and R∈C^(M×M)throughthresketch maties in the fom of R≈OBQ^(H).Here the approximately compute its subspaces.That is,we first approximate matrix Q∈C^(M×z)contains the orthonormal basis for the range of the sketchmatrik C∈C^(M×z)cwe whichis etrated fom R using randomized unifom counsampling and B∈C^(z×z)is a weight-matrix reducing the approximation error.Relying on such approximation,we are able to accelerate the subspacecomputation by the orders of the magnitude without compromising estimation accuracy.Furthermore,we drive a theoretical error bound for the suggested scheme to ensure the accuracy of the approximation.As validated by the simulation results,the DOA estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm,eficient multiple signal classification(E-MUSIC)s high,closely tracks standardMUSIC,and outperforms the well-known algorithms with tremendouslyreduced time complexity.Thus,the devised method can realize high-resolutionreal-time target detection in the emerging multiple input and multiple output(MIMO)automotive radar systems.

基于改进SP算法的多目标DOA估计方法

稀疏重构类算法在雷达目标参数估计中的应用一直是近年来的热门,但由于稀疏重构类算法的局限性,在进行目标波达方向(direction of arrival,DOA)估计时受到原子间的互相影响,从而使多目标测角精度降低。针对此问题,提出一种基于信号分离迭代思想的松弛子空间追踪算法。首先求出回波信号与归一化后字典矩阵相关性最强的多个原子作为初步估计值,再利用初步估计的角度构建代价函数,反复估计直至代价函数收敛。仿真结果表明,所提算法减小了目标个数和相位差的影响,提高了多目标DOA估计的测角精度,同时相较于传统的松弛算法减少了运算量。

A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DOA ESTIMATION IN UNKNOWN CORRELATED NOISE FIELDS

The key of the subspace-based Direction Of Arrival (DOA) estimation lies in the estimation of signal subspace with high quality. In the case of uncorrelated signals while the signals are temporally correlated, a novel approach for the estimation of DOA in unknown correlated noise fields is proposed in this paper. The approach is based on the biorthogonality between a matrix and its Moore-Penrose pseudo inverse, and made no assumption on the spatial covariance matrix of the noise. The approach exploits the structural information of a set of spatio-temporal correlation matrices, and it can give a robust and precise estimation of signal subspace, so a precise estimation of DOA is obtained. Its performances are confirmed by computer simulation results.

DOA ESTIMATION USING A SPARSE LINEAR MODEL BASED ON EIGENVECTORS

To reduce high computational cost of existing Direction-Of-Arrival(DOA) estimation techniques within a sparse representation framework,a novel method with low computational com-plexity is proposed.Firstly,a sparse linear model constructed from the eigenvectors of covariance matrix of array received signals is built.Then based on the FOCal Underdetermined System Solver(FOCUSS) algorithm,a sparse solution finding algorithm to solve the model is developed.Compared with other state-of-the-art methods using a sparse representation,our approach also can resolve closely and highly correlated sources without a priori knowledge of the number of sources.However,our method has lower computational complexity and performs better in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR).Lastly,the performance of the proposed method is illustrated by computer simulations.