Organic solar cells with D18 or derivatives offer efficiency over 19%

In recent years,organic solar cells(OSCs)have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive attributes,such as flexibility,lightweight,and solution processing,which position them as alternatives for next-generation solar technologies[1−5].Thanks to breakthroughs in materials development,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)for single-junction OSCs has already surpassed 19%[6−13].The development of photoactive materials is pivotal in enhancing the PCEs,and several reviews have provided insights into materials design[14−18].Herein,we highlight single-junction OSCs based on D18 and its derivatives[19,20].

Fullerenes and derivatives as electrocatalysts: Promises and challenges

Carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials are promising alternatives to precious metals as electrocatalysts of key energy storage and conversion technologies.Of paramount significance are the establishment of design principles by understanding the catalytic mechanisms and identifying the active sites.Distinct from sp2-conjugated graphene and carbon nanotube,fullerene possesses unique characteristics that are growingly being discovered and exploited by the electrocatalysis community.For instance,the well-defined atomic and molecular structures,the good electron affinity to tune the electronic structures of other substances,the intermolecular self-assembly into superlattices,and the on-demand chemical modification have endowed fullerene with incomparable advantages as electrocatalysts that are otherwise not applicable to other carbon ma-terials.As increasing studies are being reported on this intriguing topic,it is necessary to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the recent progress.This review takes such an initiative by summarizing the promises and challenges in the electrocatalytic applications of fullerene and its derivatives.The content is structured according to the composition and structure of fullerene,including intact fullerene(e.g.,fullerene composite and superlattices)and fullerene derivatives(e.g.,doped,endohedral,and disintegrated fullerene).The synthesis,characterization,catalytic mechanisms,and deficiencies of these fullerene-based materials are explicitly elaborated.We conclude it by sharing our perspectives on the key aspects that future efforts shall consider.

Discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of novel tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives as apoptosis initiators for treating bacterial infections

Developing and excavating new agrochemicals with highly active and safe is an important tactic for protecting crop health and food safety.In this paper,to discover the new bactericide candidates,we designed,prepared a new type of1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline(THC)derivatives and evaluated the in vitro and in vivo bioactivities against the Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo),Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri(Xac),and Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae(Psa).The in vitro bioassay results exhibited that most title molecules possessed good activity toward the three plant pathogenic bacteria,the compound A17 showed the most active against Xoo and Xac with EC50 values of 7.27 and 4.89 mg mL^(-1)respectively,and compound A8 exhibited the best inhibitory activity against Psa with EC50value of 4.87 mg mL^(-1).Pot experiments showed that compound A17 exhibited excellent in vivo antibacterial activities to manage rice bacterial leaf blight and citrus bacterial canker,with protective efficiencies of 52.67 and 79.79%at 200 mgmL^(-1),respectively.Meanwhile,compound A8 showed good control efficiency(84.31%)against kiwifruit bacterial canker at 200 mg mL^(-1).Antibacterial mechanism suggested that these compounds could interfere with the balance of the redox system,damage the cell membrane,and induce the apoptosis of Xoo cells.Taken together,our study revealed that tetrahydro-β-carboline derivatives could be a promising candidate model for novel broadspectrum bactericides.

High-Value-Added Utilization of Turpentine:Screening of Anti-Influenza Virus Agents fromβ-Pinene Derivatives

Turpentine is a renewable and resourceful forest product.The deep processing and utilization of turpentine,particularly its primary componentβ-pinene,has garnered widespread attention.This study aimed to synthesize 40 derivatives ofβ-pinene,including nopinone,3-cyanopyridines of nopinone,myrtanyl acid,myrtanyl acylthioureas,and myrtanyl amides.We assessed the antiviral activities of theseβ-pinene derivatives against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)using the 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method.Theβ-pinene derivatives were used before and after cellular infection with the influenza virus to evaluate their preventive and therapeutic effects against the H1N1 virus.The results showed that only compound 10o exhibited a preventive effect against the H1N1 virus with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)value of 47.6μmol/L.Among the compounds,4e,4i,and 4l demonstrated therapeutic effects against cellular infection,with compound 4e displaying the most potent therapeutic effect(IC50=17.5μmol/L),comparable to the positive control ribavirin.These findings indicated that certainβ-pinene derivatives exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against the H1N1 influenza A virus,warranting further investigation as potential anti-influenza agents.

Identification of key genes regulating the synthesis of quercetin derivatives in Rosa roxburghii through integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics

Rosa roxburghii fruit is rich in flavonoids, but little is known about their biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to study changes related to the flavonoids at five different stages of R. roxburghii fruit development. Flavonoids and the genes related to their biosynthesis were found to undergo significant changes in abundance across different developmental stages, and numerous quercetin derivatives were identified. We found three gene expression modules that were significantly associated with the abundances of the different flavonoids in R. roxburghii and identified three structural UDP-glycosyltransferase genes directly involved in the synthesis of quercetin derivatives within these modules. In addition, we found that RrBEH4, RrLBD1 and RrPIF8could significantly increase the expression of downstream quercetin derivative biosynthesis genes. Taken together,these results provide new insights into the metabolism of flavonoids and the accumulation of quercetin derivatives in R. roxburghii.

Study on Antitumor Activity of Piperidine Derivatives

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of piperidine derivatives on the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells(Hele).[Methods]The target end product(piperidine derivative)was synthesized through a series of organic reactions.The MTT assay was adopted to detect the effect of piperidine derivative on the proliferation activity of Hele cells.The ROS fluorescence probe method was used to detect the changes of reactive oxygen species.The JC-1 method was applied to detect the changes of MMP in Hele cells.Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the apoptosis of Hele cells.[Results]The cell survival rates were 70.84%,65.46%and 54.48%when the drug concentration was 100,110 and 120μmol/L,respectively.When the drug concentration increased to 120μmol/L,the cell survival rate decreased by nearly half.The fluorescence intensity of active oxygen in the control group was 1,and when the drug concentrations were 100,110 and 120μmol/L,the fluorescence intensity of active oxygen was,respectively,1.315,1.478 and 1.677,which were higher than that in the control group.The red/green fluorescence intensity of the MMP control group was 1.819,and that of drug groups was,respectively,1.643,1.164 and 0.665,which were lower than that of the control group.The apoptosis rates were 10.79%,22.91%and 38.54%at the drug concentrations of 100,110 and 120μmol/L,respectively,showing a concentration dependent effect.The results showed that the piperidine derivative could inhibit the proliferation of Hele cells and induce apoptosis,which was positively correlated with the concentration.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical basis and reference for the anti-tumor research of piperidine.

Numerical Treatments for Crossover Cancer Model of Hybrid Variable-Order Fractional Derivatives

In this paper,two crossover hybrid variable-order derivatives of the cancer model are developed.Grünwald-Letnikov approximation is used to approximate the hybrid fractional and variable-order fractional operators.The existence,uniqueness,and stability of the proposed model are discussed.Adams Bashfourth’s fifth-step method with a hybrid variable-order fractional operator is developed to study the proposed models.Comparative studies with generalized fifth-order Runge-Kutta method are given.Numerical examples and comparative studies to verify the applicability of the used methods and to demonstrate the simplicity of these approximations are presented.We have showcased the efficiency of the proposed method and garnered robust empirical support for our theoretical findings.

Sepsis Prediction Using CNNBDLSTM and Temporal Derivatives Feature Extraction in the IoT Medical Environment

Background:Sepsis,a potentially fatal inflammatory disease triggered by infection,carries significant healthimplications worldwide.Timely detection is crucial as sepsis can rapidly escalate if left undetected.Recentadvancements in deep learning(DL)offer powerful tools to address this challenge.Aim:Thus,this study proposeda hybrid CNNBDLSTM,a combination of a convolutional neural network(CNN)with a bi-directional long shorttermmemory(BDLSTM)model to predict sepsis onset.Implementing the proposed model provides a robustframework that capitalizes on the complementary strengths of both architectures,resulting in more accurate andtimelier predictions.Method:The sepsis prediction method proposed here utilizes temporal feature extraction todelineate six distinct time frames before the onset of sepsis.These time frames adhere to the sepsis-3 standardrequirement,which incorporates 12-h observation windows preceding sepsis onset.All models were trained usingthe Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III(MIMIC-III)dataset,which sourced 61,522 patients with 40clinical variables obtained from the IoT medical environment.The confusion matrix,the area under the receiveroperating characteristic curve(AUCROC)curve,the accuracy,the precision,the F1-score,and the recall weredeployed to evaluate themodels.Result:The CNNBDLSTMmodel demonstrated superior performance comparedto the benchmark and other models,achieving an AUCROC of 99.74%and an accuracy of 99.15%one hour beforesepsis onset.These results indicate that the CNNBDLSTM model is highly effective in predicting sepsis onset,particularly within a close proximity of one hour.Implication:The results could assist practitioners in increasingthe potential survival of the patient one hour before sepsis onset.

椅旁IPS e.max CAD高嵌体修复后牙缺损的临床效果探析

目的为评价CEREC椅旁CAD/CAM系统制作的IPS e.max CAD玻璃陶瓷高嵌体应用于根管治疗后牙缺损病例的临床效果。方法选择42例根管治疗后牙,应用高嵌体的牙体预备方式,采用CEREC椅旁CAD/CAM修复系统和IPS e.max CAD玻璃陶瓷,即刻完成修复体并粘接;修复1年后复查,参照改良修正后的美国公众健康服务标准(US Public Health Service Criteria,USPHS),在修复体边缘染色、边缘继发龋、修复体边缘适合性、修复体崩瓷折裂或脱落、修复体颜色、牙龈健康状况、修复体邻接关系、患者满意度8个方面进行评价。结果修复体边缘染色C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;边缘继发龋C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;修复体邻接关系欠佳C级病例1例,成功率97.6%;在边缘适合性、修复体崩瓷折裂或脱落、修复体颜色、牙龈健康状况、患者满意方面表现优秀,成功率均为100%。结论椅旁CAD/CAM系统制作的IPS e.maxCAD高嵌体修复体在短期内可取得良好的修复效果。

创新创业驱动的车身CAD教学模式探索

在创新创业国家战略背景下,以创新创业思维模式和能力培养为导向,对“车身CAD技术”实践课程内容进行综合改革,基于OBE理念进一步夯实与提升教学实效。以学生团队为中心设计教学过程和实验内容,围绕学生综合能力的培养制定多元化考核方式。综合使用数字化设计工具及先进仪器设备,实施“理论—实践—管理—创新—创业”的螺旋阶梯式五位一体教学。教学实践表明该模式显著的锻炼和提升了学生的创新创业能力。

高职CAD软件综合应用线上线下混合教学研究

针对CAD软件综合应用课程涉及看图识图、空间想象和计算机操作能力等特点,结合前期实际教学中出现的各种问题,提出“以学生为中心”线上线下混合式教学新策略解决现有问题。本文重点以“拉伸特征”的课内实验改革实践为例,教学改革后培养了学生自主学习能力和创新意识,提高了课程教学质量,优化了学生学习效果。

以实践能力提升为导向的能源与动力装备CAD课程教学改革探索

能源与动力装备CAD课程是能源与动力工程专业的核心课程之一。针对该课程教学资源不丰富、课堂研讨不深入、教学方法不得当等问题,文章提出基于产业需求设置教学内容、建立工程实践与科研训练融合的教学方法、建立提升学生实践创新能力的保障制度、构建多元化的教学评价体系等教学改革举措,以充分激发学生的学习积极性,提升学生的实践创新能力。

CAD/CAM技术在嵌体制作教学中的应用

目的研究在嵌体制作教学中,CAD/CAM技术的应用价值。方法以在昆明医科大学附属延安医院口腔科实习的60名本科生为研究对象,随机分为实验组(n=30)和对照组(n=30);选择合适的临床病例让学生进行下颌磨牙邻面嵌体牙体预备,指导教师通过不同的方式对第1次预备结果进行指导,由学生进行2次修改预备,考核小组对最终预备体的预备量、预备体外形、面洞形、鸠尾固位型、邻面洞形5个方面进行打分评价。结果实验组各项检测指标分值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论CAD/CAM技术应用于嵌体制作教学中可有效提高学生临床动手能力,达到较传统教学方式更好的教学效果。

基于OBE模式的电子线路CAD课程混合式教学研究

在“互联网+教育”背景下,基于OBE理念的线上线下混合式教学模式正在成为教育的“新常态”。文章针对电子线路CAD课程的成果导向设计实施逆向教学设计,利用线上数字化资源库,融合线下教学,构建全过程、全方位的交互课堂模式探索,通过探索以及实践应用,充分提升学生自主学习、解决问题的能力,培养学生的创新思维,提高了应用型高校电子信息类专业学生的实践操作能力。

基于CAD/CAE的异形凸模冲头工装设计与优化研究

异形凸模冲头是汽车锁头连接件模具的重要配件,其材料为冷作模具钢DC53,对汽车锁孔冲压有重要作用。传统加工中,加工质量无法保证,生产效率低。设计了专用工装,结合CAD/CAE软件,优化并改进工装结构设计。实际加工对比表明,该工装的设计与优化方案合理,改进工装后,凸模冲头零件生产效率和加工质量均显著提高。该研究对同类异型模具工装设计也具有参考价值。

产教融合背景下的产品制图与CAD课程教学改革研究

随着行业的快速发展和技术的不断更新,传统的课程教学方式已经难以满足行业对人才的需求。产教融合作为职业教育的基本属性,能够更好地实现专业课程教学与行业需求对接。高职院校产品制图与CAD课程教学存在着教学内容理论化、教学方法单一、与行业需求脱节等问题,因此,应从课程内容与产业需求的对接、教学方法的创新与多样化、实践操作的项目化、双师队伍的建设、教学评价的多元化等方面进行改革与创新。

基于工匠训练营的协同育人模式在机械制图与CAD课程的设计与实践

结合机械制造及自动化制图员岗赛证的要求,以工匠训练营融入机械课程与CAD教学中,通过确定思政目标、优化教学内容、推进教学策略、落实考核评价等落实教学过程,实践证明具有良好的成效。

CAD/CAM全瓷高嵌体与树脂复合陶瓷高嵌体修复对后牙牙体缺损的研究进展

计算机辅助设计与制作(CAD/CAM)系统,因其具有高效率、高精确性等优点,逐渐在后牙牙体缺损修复中得到广泛的应用。通过研究CAD/CAM全瓷高嵌体、树脂复合陶瓷高嵌体在后牙牙体缺损修复中的应用,对两种方法的材料、后牙牙体治疗相关临床应用、应用期间注意要点及应用效果差异进行比较,以期为后牙牙体缺损的治疗提供临床选择依据。本文通过对研究国内外CAD/CAM全瓷高嵌体与树脂复合陶瓷高嵌体修复对后牙牙体缺损的治疗新进展进行归纳与分析。CAD/CAM技术临床应用普及有利于提升医院在口腔医学领域的核心竞争能力,且高质量的牙体修复有益于提升民众的口腔健康,亦可节约社会医疗资源。

融入OBE理念的汽车CAD课程教学改革

现在汽车工业大发展,对CAD的需求越来越高。汽车CAD课程是一门理论性、实践性和应用性很强的一门课程。为了培养学生自主学习的能力和创新意识,提高课程教学质量和课程教学目标达成度,汽车CAD教学过程中融入了国际工程教育认证“以学生为中心”的OBE核心教学理念,对课程教学目标再定位、对理论教学内容和课内上机教学内容改革、对教学方式、教学考核方式改革,并进行教学实践,实现了良好的改革效果。

HPLC-CAD法同时测定牛磺罗定中的牛磺酰胺和牛磺酸

目的:建立高效液相色谱法联合电喷雾式检测器(HPLC-CAD)同时测定4,4′-亚甲双[四氢-2H-1,2,4-噻二嗪]1,1,1′,1′-四氧化物(简称牛磺罗定)中两种工艺杂质[2-氨基乙烷磺酰胺(简称牛磺酰胺)和2-氨基乙磺酸(简称牛磺酸)]。方法:采用Sielc Primesep 500(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以10 mmol·L^(-1)甲酸铵(用甲酸调节pH值至3.4)(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL·min^(-1),柱温20℃,CAD雾化器温度为35℃,进样量10μL。结果:牛磺酰胺和牛磺酸的线性范围分别为0.2254~3.0160μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9991)和0.2212~2.9578μg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9993);平均加样回收率(n=9)分别为102.8%和101.8%,RSD分别为3.4%和2.2%。4批样品均未检出牛磺酰胺和牛磺酸。结论:根据ICH指南对所开发的方法进行了验证,结果表明,该方法具有良好的专属性、准确性和灵敏度,可用于牛磺罗定的质量控制。