The inflammatory response of the pulp after direct capping with platelet-rich plasma and enamel matrix derivative:A controlled animal study

Aims: To evaluate the inflammatory response of the exposed pulp of incisor teeth in rats after direct pulp capping, using platelet rich plasma (PRP), enamel matrix derivate (EMD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Methods: The study was conducted on 36 Wistar albino rats with a total of 144 incisor teeth. The pulps of 96 teeth of the rats were perforated and capped with different agents. Serving as the positive control group, the pulps of 24 teeth were only perforated and capped without capping agents, whereas the pulps of 24 teeth were used as the negative control group without being perforated (without any process). The research was ended with the extracting of the teeth on the 7th day-28th day. The teeth were taken to the routine and histological follows;cross sections were prepared and painted with hematoxylen & eosin. All of the sections were evaluated in terms of inflammatory reaction by histologic analysis taken by light microscope. Statistical analysis was used. The normal distribution of all data was tested with the Mann Whitney U and the differences between the groups were analyze dusing Kruskal Wallis test at 0.05 level. Results: There are no statistically significant differences in terms of inflammation type and necrosis among the treatment groups on 7 days’ post capping. However, improved inflammatory cell accumulation, hyperemia and lowest necrosis were observed from the samples treated with PRP (p < 0.05). Conversely, the EMD group indicated that the criteria of inflammation scores and hyper- emia were higher in the 28th day (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Most of cells accumulating in the PRP group and most necrosis were seen in the EMD group. These new PRP materials might serve as pulp capping biomaterials to induce initial healing response in the future.

Method for fitting crystal field parameters and the energy level fitting for Yb^(3+) in crystal Sc_2O_3

A method to compute the numerical derivative of eigenvalues of parameterized crystal field Hamiltonian matrix is given, based on the numerical derivatives the general iteration methods such as Levenberg-Marquardt, Newton method, and so on, can be used to solve crystal field parameters by fitting to experimental energy levels. With the numerical eigenvalue derivative, a detailed iteration algorithm to compute crystal field parameters by fitting experimental energy levels has also been described. This method is used to compute the crystal parameters of Yb^3＋ in Sc2O3 crystal, which is prepared by a co-precipitation method and whose structure was refined by Rietveld method. By fitting on the parameters of a simple overlap model of crystal field, the results show that the new method can fit the crystal field energy splitting with fast convergence and good stability.

Laguerre reproducing kernel method in Hilbert spaces for unsteady stagnation point ow over a stretching/shrinking sheet

This paper investigates the nonlinear boundary value problem resulting from the exact reduction of the Navier-Stokes equations for unsteady magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow over the stretching/shrinking permeable sheet submerged in a moving fluid.To solve this equation,a numerical method is proposed based on a Laguerre functions with reproducing kernel Hilbert space method.Using the operational matrices of derivative,we reduced the problem to a set of algebraic equations.We also compare this work with some other numerical results and present a solution that proves to be highly accurate.

THE INEFFICIENCY OF THE LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATOR AND ITS BOUND

It was suggested by Pantanen that the mean squared error may be used to measure the inefficiency of the least squares estimator. Styan[2] and Rao[3] et al. discussed this inefficiency and it's bound later. In this paper we propose a new inefficiency of the least squares estimator with the measure of generalized variance and obtain its bound.

Numerical Solution of Klein/Sine-Gordon Equations by Spectral Method Coupled with Chebyshev Wavelets

The basic aim of this paper is to introduce and describe an efficient numerical scheme based on spectral approach coupled with Chebyshev wavelets for the approximate solutions of Klein-Gordon and Sine-Gordon equations. The main characteristic is that, it converts the given problem into a system of algebraic equations that can be solved easily with any of the usual methods. To show the accuracy and the efficiency of the method, several benchmark problems are implemented and the comparisons are given with other methods existing in the recent literature. The results of numerical tests confirm that the proposed method is superior to other existing ones and is highly accurate

Injectable ECM hydrogel for delivery of BMSCs enabled full-thickness meniscus repair in an orthotopic rat model

Meniscal injuries have poor intrinsic healing capability and are associated with the development of osteoarthritis.Decellularized meniscus extracellular matrix(mECM)has been suggested to be efficacious for the repair of meniscus defect.However,main efforts to date have been focused on the concentration,crosslinking density and anatomical region dependence of the mECM hydrogels on regulation of proliferation and differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in vitro 2D or 3D culture.A systematic investigation and understanding of the effect of mECM on encapsulated MSCs response and integrative meniscus repair by in vivo rat subcutaneous implantation and orthotopic meniscus injury model will be highly valuable to explore its potential for clinical translation.In this study,we investigated the in situ delivery of rat BMSCs in an injectable mECM hydrogel to a meniscal defect in a SD rat model.Decellularized mECM retained essential proteoglycans and collagens,and significantly upregulated expression of fibrochondrogenic markers by BMSCs versus collagen hydrogel alone in vitro 3D cell culture.When applied to an orthotopic model of meniscal injury in SD rat,mECM is superior than collagen I scaffold in reduction of osteophyte formation and prevention of joint space narrowing and osteoarthritis development as evidenced by histology and micro-CT analysis.Taken together,these results indicate mECM hydrogel is a highly promising carrier to deliver MSCs for long-term repair of meniscus tissue,while preventing the development of osteoarthritis.