Evapotranspiration of an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River, Northwest China

As a main component in water balance, evapotranspiration is of great importance for water saving and irrigation-measure making, especially in arid or semiarid regions. Although studies of evapotranspiration have been conducted for a long time, studies concentrated on oasis-desert transition zone are very limited. On the basis of the meteorological data and other parameters（e.g. leaf area index（LAI）） of an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River from 2005 to 2011, this paper calculated both reference（ET0） and actual evapotranspiration（ETc） using FAO56 Penman-Monteith and Penman-Monteith models, respectively. In combination with pan evaporation（Ep） measured by E601 pan evaporator, four aspects were analyzed：（1） ET0 was firstly verified by Ep;（2） Characteristics of ET0 and ETc were compared, while the influencing factors were also analyzed;（3） Since meteorological data are often unavailable for estimating ET0 through FAO56 Penman-Monteith model in this region, pan evaporation coefficient（Kp） is very important when using observed Ep to predict ET0. Under this circumstance, an empirical formula of Kp was put forward for this region;（4） Crop coefficient（Kc）, an important index to reflect evapotranspiration, was also analyzed. Results show that mean annual values of ET0 and ETc were 840 and 221 mm, respectively. On the daily bases, ET0 and ETc were 2.3 and 0.6 mm/d, respectively. The annual tendency of ET0 and ETc was very similar, but their amplitude was obviously different. The differences among ET0 and ETc were mainly attributed to the different meteorological variables and leaf area index. The calculated Kc was about 0.25 and showed little variation during the growing season, indicating that available water（e.g. precipitation and irrigation） of about 221 mm/a was required to keep the water balance in this region. The results provide an comprehensive analysis of evapotranspiration for an oasis-desert transition zone in the middle stream of Heihe River, which was seldom reported before.

Seasonal Patterns of Soil Respiration in Three Types of Communities along Grass-Desert Shrub Transition in Inner Mongolia, China

The seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in steppe （S. bungeana）, desert shrub （A. ordosica）, and shrubperennial （A. ordosica ＋C. komarovii） communities were investigated during the growth season （May to October） in 2006; their environmental driving factors were also analyzed. In the three communities, soil respiration showed similar characteristics in their growth seasons, with peak respiration values in July and August owing to suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions during this period. Meanwhile, changes in soil respiration were greatly influenced by temperatures and surface soil moistures. Soil water content at a depth of 0 to 10 cm was identified as the key environmental factor affecting the variation in soil respiration in the steppe. In contrast, in desert shrub and shrub-perennial communities, the dynamics of soil respiration was significantly influenced by air temperature. Similarly, the various responses of soil respiration to environmental factors may be attributed to the different soil textures and distribution patterns of plant roots. In desert ecosystems, precipitation results in soil respiration pulses. Soil carbon dioxide （CO2） effluxes greatly increased after rainfall rewetting in all of the ecosystems under study. However, the precipitation pulse effect differed across the ecosystem. We propose that this may be a result of a reverse effect from the soil texture.

Distribution of groundwater salinity and formation mechanism of fresh groundwater in an arid desert transition zone

This study reviews the distribution of groundwater salinity in an arid desert transition zone. By combining field experiments and computer simulation models we make a comprehensive analysis of the formation mechanism of fresh groundwater in relation to the paleogeographic conditions of lithofacies, the geochemical characteristics of the aquifer media, salt deliverability in the vadose zone and prevailing hydrodynamic conditions. The results demonstrate that(1) the lacustrine facies deposition stratum of the Huanhe formation in the Cretaceous system provides a brackish-salt groundwater environment;(2) the average salinity of parent rocks are approximately 440 mg/kg and 4 371 mg/kg in the Quaternary eolian sand and the Cretaceous Huanhe formation respectively, suggesting that parent rocks are the principal controlling factor in the distribution of groundwater quality given that mineral and chemical composition of the eolian sand is simpler than that of the Huanhe formation;(3) average groundwater flow rates are approximately 0.25 m/d and 0.1 m/d in eolian sand and Huanhe formation aquifers respectively, indicating that hydrodynamic conditions play an important role in driving in the formation and evolution of fresh groundwater;(4) The salinity deliverability in the vadose zone overlying the aeolian sand and Huanhe formation aquifers are approximately 15.97 mg/L and 220.42 mg/L respectively, signifying that the combination of lithology and salt content of vadose zone, rainfall infiltration, evapotranspiration and concentration heavily influence the formation, distribution and evolution of groundwater quality. This study can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources in arid areas.

Nonlinear Feature of the Abrupt Transitions between Multiple Equilibria States of an Ecosystem Model

Based on a five-variable theoretical ecosystem model, the stability of equilibrium state and the nonlinear feature of the transition between a grassland state and a desert state are investigated. The approach of the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations （CNOPs）, which are the nonlinear generalization of the linear singular vectors （LSVs）, is adopted. The numerical results indicate that the linearly stable grassland and desert states are nonlinearly unstable to large enough initial perturbations on the condition that the moisture index # satisfies 0.3126 〈 μ 〈 0.3504. The perturbations represent some kind of anthropogenic influence and natural factors. The results obtained by CNOPs, LSVs and Lyapunov vectors （LVs） are compared to analyze the nonlinear feature of the transition between the grassland state and the desert state. Besides this, it is shown that the five-variable model is superior to the three-variable model in providing more visible signals when the transitions occur.

Desert-steppe migration on the Loess Plateau at about 450 kaBP

According to the field investigation, observation by an electronic microscope and x-ray identification and chemical analysis, desert-steppe migration in the Loess Plateau at about 450 kaBP was studied. The data show that gypsum illuvial horizon indicating the desert-steppe environment developed in the early stage of the formation of the fifth layer loess in Shaoling tableland in Chang'an and Bailu tableland in Xi'an of Shaanxi are situated in the southern Loess Plateau. This indicates that remarkable drying occurred, a large-scope migration of desert steppe took place toward south and the climate zone migrated 5 degrees in latitude to south which is the largest migration range indicated by geochemical indexes. The desert-steppe and more wild environment distributed widely on the Loess Plateau at that time. The development of gypsum also indicates that the climate changed at 450 kaBP from monsoon climate to nonmonsoon climate in the Loess Plateau, and the region was not affected by summer monsoon and was in the cold and dry environment of nonmonsoon climate. Annual mean precipitation was about 200 mm, 400 mm less at that time than at present.

荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤优先流特征

本研究以荒漠-绿洲过渡带3种典型固沙植物泡泡刺、梭梭和沙拐枣作为研究对象,在入渗水量分别为10 L、15 L和20 L条件下(模拟小雨、中雨和大雨),采用野外染色示踪方法与计算机图像处理技术,分析染色图像垂直和水平剖面优先流分布规律和特征参数,选取特征参数作为评价指标,通过均方决策法探明典型固沙植物根区土壤优先流发育程度,为荒漠-绿洲过渡带固沙植被恢复及水资源有效利用提供参考依据。结果表明:(1)荒漠绿洲过渡带固沙植物根区存在土壤优先流现象,且主要类型为孔隙流,固沙植物种类不同,其根区优先流的垂直和水平分布特征也不同,但随着入渗水量的增加,优先流均发生侧向入渗。(2)在不同入渗水量条件下,3种固沙植物根区土壤染色面积比随土层深度的增加呈非线性减小趋势,梭梭和沙拐枣根区土壤染色面积比曲线变化呈“S”型,且水分呈非均匀下渗现象。(3)优先流评价指数P_(FI)由大到小为梭梭(0.685)、泡泡刺(0.543)、沙拐枣(0.502),梭梭根区土壤优先流发育程度最高。

青藏高原-黄土高原过渡带土壤抗冲性及影响因素

[目的]探究青藏高原-黄土高原过渡带土壤抗冲性及其影响因素,以期为该区域水土流失防治和生态建设提供科学依据。[方法]在青海省海南藏族自治州沙沟河流域的上、中、下游(样地1,样地2,样地3),选取典型栗钙土和风沙土为研究对象,采用原状土冲刷法(2,3,4,5,6 L/min)进行土壤抗冲性试验,测定不同土壤抗冲性变化特征,研究土壤抗冲性对土壤理化性质、水动力条件等各因子的响应特征,并据此建立土壤抗冲性方程。[结果]3个样地冲刷强度都呈初期最大、随后减少再趋于平缓的趋势,土壤抗冲指数表现为样地1>样地3>样地2,径流含沙量与冲刷时间呈幂函数关系。3个样地土壤理化性质存在显著差异,容重、WSA_(>0.25 mm)、有机质、平均重量直径和土壤抗冲指数均显著相关;对径流剪切力和土壤抗冲指数进行拟合,可用幂函数表达,R^(2)均在0.98以上(p<0.05)。从土壤侵蚀动力和阻力两方面综合考虑,选取径流剪切力、平均重量直径和有机质作为影响土壤抗冲性的主要因子构建土壤抗冲性方程。[结论]栗钙土比风沙土抗冲性好;基于平均重量直径和径流剪切力,有机质和径流剪切力,以及平均重量直径、有机质和径流剪切力建立的3个土壤抗冲性方程,均有较好的拟合效果。

Spatial pattern of plant species diversity and the influencing factors in a Gobi Desert within the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

Understanding the spatial pattern of plant species diversity and the influencing factors has important implications for the conservation and management of ecosystem biodiversity. The transitional zone between biomes in desert ecosystems, however, has received little attention in that regard. In this study, we conducted a quantitative field survey （including 187 sampling plots） in a 40-km2 study area to determine the spatial pattern of plant species diversity and analyze the influencing factors in a Gobi Desert within the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. A total of 42 plant species belonging to 16 families and 39 genera were recorded. Shrub and semi-shrub species generally represented the major part of the plant communities （covering 90% of the land surface）, while annual and perennial herbaceous species occupied a large proportion of the total recorded species （71%）. Patrick richness index （R）, Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H）, Simpson＇s dominance index （D）, and Pielou＇s evenness index （I） were all moderately spadaUy variable, and the variability increased with increasing sampling area. The semivariograms for R and H＇ were best fitted with Gaussian models while the semivariograms for D andJ were best fitted with exponential models. Nugget-to-still ratios indicated a moderate spatial autocorrelation for R, H＇, and D while a strong spatial autocorrelation was observed for J. The spatial patterns of R and H＇ were closely related to the geographic location within the study area, with lower values near the oasis and higher values near the mountains. However, there was an opposite trend for D. R, H＇, and D were significantly correlated with elevation, soil texture, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and total porosity （P〈0.05）. Generally speaking, locations at higher elevations tended to have higher species richness and diversity and the higher elevations were characterized by higher values in sand and gravel contents, bulk density, and saturated hydraulic conductivity and also by lower values in total porosity. Furthermore, spatial variability of plant species diversity was dependent on the sampling area.

Aeolian Facies Belts in the Taklimakan Desert

At least at the beginning of the last glacial epoch, the facies belts of dune sand, sandy loam and loess formed by winds had existed in the Taklimakan desert and areas south of it. There were no appreciable changes in the NE and NW wind systems and their wind fqrces that deposited dune sand, sandy loam and loess in the global cold stage since the last glacial epoch (accordingly no marked shifts of the boundaries of these aeolian facies belts took place. In the global warm stage since then, the climate in the Taklimakan desert and areas south of it became warm and dry, resulting in ablation of substantial volumes of ice and snow in their surrounding mountains and thus forming alluvial and diluvial deposits in the region. The alluvial-diluvial actions, however, failed to change the general framework of aeolian facies belts.

DESERTIZATION OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF OF CHINA IN THE LATER STAGE OF LATE PLEISTOCENE

In the later stage of Late Pleistocene, global climate entered into the climax period of Wurm when temperature decreased remarkably and glaciers developed. Information from the East China Sea also confirm that the sea level fell by at least 130 m at that time (Emery, 1968). The Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea at the climax period were totally exposed, while the East China Sea and South China Sea shelf regions were exposed partly. The exposed shelf area exceeded 1 million km2 and became a salty desert where land plants could not survive. Such were the conditions which led to the desertization of the shelf region.Eolation was the major exogenetic force not only on land but also on the shelf region in the ice age. At the climax period of Wiirm, the northern part of China developed thick layers of loess deposits. The shelf region at that time had similar climatic conditions and sediments. Because the shelf region was not protected by vegetation in the ice age, intensive wind storms remoulded the primarily

PROBE INTO THE ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION MODEL OF SHELF DESERTIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE LAST STAGE OF LATE PLEISTOCENE

Based on study of China’s shelf glerenvironmnt, thes paper summarises the defini-tion of shelf desertization that occurred in the last stage of be Pleistocene, and discusses the backgroundof its formation and evolution process. Study of shallow layer profiler records and core data revealed thatcold-dry aeolian erosion was the major exogenic force on the exposed shelf. Under the prevailing paleo-winter monsoon, part of the exposed drine straum disintegzated into sand and then desertizaion oc-curred. The fine sediments were blown away and deposited on the leeward to form derivative loess de-posits.

含界面过渡区随机分布多边形骨料沙漠砂混凝土高温后抗压强度研究

为研究试件尺寸、界面过渡区(ITZ)厚度及强度、沙漠砂替代率(DSRR)对沙漠砂混凝土(DSC)经历高温后抗压强度的影响,将DSC看作三相复合材料,建立含ITZ随机分布多边形骨料有限元模型,利用ANSYS对高温后DSC单轴受压破坏过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:模拟结果与试验结果误差在-2.59%~3.13%,吻合良好。高温后DSC抗压强度随试件尺寸增大而减小,强度下降范围为1.44%~4.13%;抗压强度随ITZ厚度增加呈逐渐减小趋势;随着ITZ强度增加,抗压强度基本呈线性增大趋势;抗压强度在DSRR为40%时最优,研究结果可为DSC工程应用提供理论依据。

荒漠-绿洲过渡带NDVI演变及影响因子相关性分析

荒漠-绿洲过渡带是绿洲与荒漠相互转化过程中表现最活跃的地区,具有防止荒漠扩张、维持绿洲生态安全等重要的生态功能。本研究以民勤县为研究区域,根据绿洲外围归一化差异植被指数(Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)的变化规律,确定民勤荒漠-绿洲过渡带的范围;利用2000—2020年内最大NDVI数据及降水、温度、日照时数、土壤水分影响因子,在像元尺度采用偏相关及多元相关分析方法,研究过渡带NDVI变化趋势及影响因子相关性分析。结果表明,绿洲边界外5000 m范围为民勤荒漠-绿洲过渡带范围,其中绿洲外0~300 m为过渡带核心区,300~2000 m为过渡带交错区,2000~5000 m范围为过渡带缓冲区。自2000年以来,过渡带区域NDVI整体呈增加趋势,其中,明显改善和稳定不变的面积占比较高,分别为47.8%和42.2%,其他占比较小,严重退化区域主要在靠近绿洲的过渡带核心区。降水增加对过渡带南部地带性植被的改善起主导作用,温度的上升对过渡带东部及西北部NDVI改善的促进作用更明显,日照时数的增加对过渡带西部及东南部NDVI改善的促进作用更大,土壤水分的增加对过渡带整体NDVI的改善均具有促进作用。土壤水分和降水是促进过渡带NDVI改善的主要因子。

荒漠绿洲区土壤生态化学计量特征及驱动因素

通过研究塔里木盆地东北缘绿洲区耕地、园地、林地和裸地中土壤养分元素含量特征,分析了荒漠绿洲区不同土地利用方式对土壤生态化学计量特征的影响,以期为脆弱生态系统土壤质量和功能评价提供参考依据.结果表明:①研究区土壤中TN、SOC含量处于缺乏状态,TP含量处于正常水平,TK含量较为丰富;pH值呈现“西北高、东南低”的分布格局,与其他元素的空间分布格局表现出一定的负相关关系.②TC、SOC、TP、TN含量在耕地中最高,裸地中最低,不同土地利用方式中TK含量差异性不显著.TC、SOC、TN、TP“表聚效应”明显,随土层深度的增加含量减少;pH值随土层深度的增加而增加;TK含量在不同深度变化不明显.③4种土地利用方式中,w(C):w(N)大小依次为裸地>园地>林地>耕地,w(C):w(P)大小依次为园地>林地>裸地>耕地,w(N):w(P)大小依次为园地>耕地>裸地>林地.不同土壤深度上,w(C):w(N)随土层深度的增加而增加,w(N):w(P)随土层深度的增加而减少,w(C):w(P)无明显变化规律.④生态化学计量特征累计方差解释量为91.66%,其中TN对土壤生态化学计量特征的重要性最高,解释量为53.5%.综上,通过提高氮磷复合肥的施用及引种固氮植物等方式,可缓解干旱绿洲区土壤养分元素缺乏的现象.

甘肃省民勤县荒漠绿洲过渡带典型灌丛植物的滞尘量效应

[目的]开展荒漠绿洲过渡带典型灌丛滞尘研究,为区域防风固沙树种滞尘效益评价和绿洲防护体系建设提供依据。[方法]通过野外调查采样,室内水洗过滤等方法,定量分析了荒漠绿洲过渡带梭梭(Holoxylon ammodendron)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)3种植物在3月上旬(冬态)和6月下旬(夏态)滞尘量和滞尘粒度沿荒漠至绿洲4 km范围内的时空变化特征。[结果]滞尘量从荒漠到绿洲逐步递减,3月上旬梭梭、柽柳、白刺平均递减20.74%,16.13%,14.72%,6月下旬平均递减14.37%,9.23%,26.54%。3月上旬梭梭的滞尘量最大,约为172.36 g/株~、6月下旬柽柳的滞尘量最大,约为345.16g/株。3月上旬3种灌木所滞尘土的粒径主要为20~50μm,约占41.00%,梭梭有少量滞尘的粒径为500~1000μm,约占总量的15.00%;6月下旬所滞尘土的粒径大量分布于100~200μm,少量分布于5~10μm。[结论]在3月和6月,3种灌木的滞尘量从荒漠到绿洲均呈现出递减的趋势,灌丛植物的滞尘量、滞尘粒径受时间、空间及植物叶表面特征的共同影响。

黄土高原靖边剖面岩石磁学性质及其古环境意义

中国黄土在东亚第四纪气候环境变化研究领域占有重要地位,靖边黄土剖面位于黄土高原北部边缘,对东亚季风变化敏感.本文对靖边黄土剖面进行了详细的岩石磁学和环境磁学研究.剖面沉积物中的主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿以及赤铁矿,黄土中的碎屑磁铁矿普遍经历了低温氧化作用的初始阶段,形成磁赤铁矿外壳包裹磁铁矿内核的结构,导致矫顽力大幅增加.磁化率随温度变化曲线(X-T)指示成壤作用生成的单畴颗粒的亚铁磁性矿物(磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿)的含量在L15(约1.25Ma)后整体减少,表明东亚夏季风强度发生阶段性减弱.黄土层中的磁化率与非磁滞磁化率比值(X/X_(ARM))与来自物源区粗粒磁性矿物含量相关,冬季风增强则X/X_(ARM)值越高,靖边剖面黄土层X/X_(ARM)在L14以后整体增加,L6以来逐渐增加,表明东亚冬季风发生过两次增强.矫正后磁化率与非磁滞磁化率((X-X_(0))/X_(ARM))指示了来自物源区磁性矿物含量,靖边剖面自2.6Ma以来,(X-X_(0))/X_(ARM)逐渐增加,源区的磁性矿物含量增多表明冬季风逐渐增强.非磁滞剩磁与饱和等温剩磁中值退磁场比值(MDF_(ARM)/MDF_(SIRM))与样品相关,样品磁性矿物粒度越粗,低温氧化作用越弱,矫顽力越高,MDF_(ARM)/MDF_(SIRM)越高,靖边剖面MDF_(ARM)/MDF_(SIRM)分别在L14和L6后整体升高,表明磁性矿物粒度整体变粗,代表了沙漠两次向南扩张.综上磁学参数一致表明,靖边黄土剖面有效地记录了东亚季风演化过程,对研究亚洲内陆干旱环境演变有重要意义.

Pedogenesis affecting the Matuyama-Brunhes polarity transition recorded in Chinese loess?

A detailed record of the Matuyama-Brunhes (M-B) transition has been obtained from the loess unit 8 (L8) at Duanjiapo (34.2° N, 109.2° E), Shannxi Province of China. An investigation of the rock magnetic properties using hysteresis loops, thermomagnetic analyses identifies pseudo-single domain magnetite as the main carrier of the rema-nence, with a small contribution from maghemite and hema-tite. The paleo-direction records obtained reveal: ( i ) The M-B transition was recorded in the middle and lower part of L8, and comprises of five fast reversals. (ii) The duration of the M-B polarity transition related to the directional change is about 4800 a. (iii) The virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path during the transition is confined over Africa, peaked 90° away from the sampling site, in contrast with the results obtained from the Weinan loess section. The different VGPs are probably attributed to the pedogenesis.

Vegetation Change and Soil Nutrient Distribution along an Oasis-Desert Transitional Zone in Northwestern China

Many studies have focused on soil nutrient heterogeneity and islands of fertility in arid ecosystems. However, few have been conducted on an oasis-desert transitional zone where there is a vegetation pattern changing from shrubs to annual herbs. The goal of the present study was to understand vegetation and soil nutrient heterogenity along an oasis-desert transitional zone in northwestern China. Three replicated sampling belts were selected at 200 m intervals along the transitional zone. Twenty-one quadrats （10 x 10m） at 50m intervals were located along each sampling belt. The vegetation cover was estimated through the quadrats, where both the soil under the canopy and the open soil were sampled simultaneously. The dominated shrub was Haloxylon ammodendron in the areas close to the oasis and Nitraria tangutorum dominated the areas close to the desert. In general, along the transitional zone the vegetation cover decreased within 660 m, increased above 660 m and decreased again above 1 020 m （close to the desert）. The soil nutrients （organic matter, total N, NO3^- and NH4^＋） showed significant differences along the zone. The soil nutrients except the soil NH4^＋ under the canopy were higher than those in open soil, confirming ＂islands of fertility＂ or nutrient enrichment. Only a slight downward trend of the level of ＂islands of fertility＂ for soil organic matter appeared in the area within 900 m. Soil organic matter both under canopy and in interspace showed a positive correlation with the total vegetation cover, however, there was no significant correlation between the other soil nutrients and the total vegetation cover. We also analyzed the relationship between the shrubs and annuals and the soil nutrients along the zone. Similarly, there was no significant correlation between them, except soil organic matter with the annuals. The results implied that annual plants played an important role in soil nutrient enrichment in arid ecosystem.

荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征及影响因素

土壤大孔隙是土壤水分入渗的主要通道,探究荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征及其影响要素,对于区域生态植被恢复和固沙植物的选择具有重要借鉴意义。通过水分穿透实验,研究了黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙特征,分析了土壤大孔隙的影响因素以及大孔隙对土壤饱和导水率的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤大孔隙半径范围在0.5~1.6 mm,大于最小通气孔隙半径0.3 mm,土壤水分运动主要以重力水为驱动力,过渡带固沙植物根区土壤大孔隙呈现出随土层深度增加而减小的趋势,整体表现为小半径孔隙多,大半径孔隙少的特点。(2)土壤容重与除大孔隙总数量外的其他土壤大孔隙特征指标均呈极显著负相关关系;饱和含水率与除土壤大孔隙总数量外的其他大孔隙特征指标均呈显著正相关关系;有机质含量与各土壤大孔隙特征指标均呈极显著正相关关系。(3)土壤饱和导水率在2.32~3.79 mm·min^(-1),且土壤大孔隙体积比、大孔隙面积比、大孔隙平均半径的4次方和大孔隙总数量分别决定了饱和导水率82%、68%、79%和43%的变异。(4)在研究区相同生境条件下,与裸地相比,固沙植物的栽植能够显著提升土壤水分的渗透能力,固沙植物根区土壤水分渗透能力从强到弱为梭梭、沙拐枣、泡泡刺。

黑河中游荒漠绿洲过渡带典型固沙植物根区土壤C、N、P化学计量特征

【目的】土壤C、N、P化学计量特征可表征土壤养分供应能力和储量变化,是反映土壤养分循环及其肥力水平的关键指标。固沙植物以灌木和半灌木为主,在抑制荒漠化和维持绿洲生态安全方面扮演着重要的角色。分析固沙植物根区的土壤C、N、P化学计量特征,探究其养分含量变化规律,可为维持荒漠绿洲过渡带的稳定性和今后的防风固沙工程实践提供科学方案和必要参考。【方法】以黑河中游荒漠绿洲过渡带3种典型固沙植物梭梭、泡泡刺和沙拐枣为研究对象,测定固沙植物根区不同土层深度土壤中的有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)和全磷(STP)指标,分析3种固沙植物根区土壤C、N、P化学计量特征及影响因素。【结果】3种典型固沙植物根区SOC含量均在60~80cm土层出现峰值,STN、STP含量的峰值均出现在表层土壤;SOC含量随土层深度的增加先增大后减小,STN和STP随土层深度的增大而减小;在研究区特定的环境条件下,植物类型对土壤C、N、P含量及其化学计量特征有显著影响,梭梭根区的土壤养分含量较其他两种植物更高;3种典型固沙植物根区各理化性质指标之间的相关系数总体表现为梭梭>泡泡刺>沙拐枣。【结论】黑河中游荒漠绿洲过渡带梭梭、泡泡刺和沙拐枣根区土壤C、N、P含量具有显著差异(P<0.05),梭梭的保肥能力及其环境适应性较其他两种植物更强。