Exploration of Energy-Saving Technologies in Building Electrical System Design

Green energy conservation is the mainstream trend in the current development of the construction industry.The application of energy-saving technology in building electrical system design can effectively reduce energy consumption,avoid unnecessary energy consumption,and truly achieve energy conservation and environmental protection.Based on this,the article elaborates on the principles of energy-saving design in building electrical systems,and actively explores the application of energy-saving technologies from different perspectives such as optimizing power supply and distribution system design,adopting high-efficiency energy-saving lighting equipment,applying renewable energy,promoting smart home technology,and improving the efficiency of building electrical equipment.

Low Carbon Building Design Optimization Based on Intelligent Energy Management System

The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of low-carbon building design.Therefore,the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary.The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems.Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission,this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis,and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software.Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of large-scale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption.It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects,so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction.On this basis,the evaluation,analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed,combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper.Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance,economy and carbon emission level.It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures.The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters.It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration,which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data.Compared with the traditional architectural design method,the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules(MJ)per square meter.Based on 29270 megajoules(MJ)per ton of standard coal,the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2,and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal.This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.

“3 Degrees and 8 Combinations” Teaching Mode of Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structures

Earthquakes pose a significant threat to people’s property and personal safety.Improving the teaching of civil engineering and building structure anti-seismic design courses can enable students to do a good job in anti-seismic design in the future and effectively reduce the damage on buildings caused by earthquakes.In this paper,we analyzed the basic characteristics of a course in civil engineering major,which is Anti-Seismic Design of Building Structures,and the shortcomings of traditional teaching.It is proposed that the 3-degrees and 8-combinations teaching mode of anti-seismic design of building structures can effectively improve students’autonomy and enthusiasm in learning,helps to cultivate professional ethics among students,and improve their ability to apply what they have learned.

Preliminary Study on Overseas Applicability of Chinese Architectural Design Standards:Taking China-Aided Construction Projects in Asia Since the Belt and Road Initiative as Examples

This research takes China-aided construction projects in Asia since the Belt and Road Initiative as examples to explore the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards in other Asian countries.So far,the standards demonstrated the highest applicability in South Asia is the best followed by Southeast Asia.Chinese architectural design standards for educational buildings showed the highest applicability,followed by office,medical,and sports buildings.This study puts forward some strategies to improve the applicability of Chinese architectural design standards.These strategies include integrating regionalism and local cultural traditions,optimizing energy efficiency,and aligning designs with local usage habits.This study serves as a reference for similar projects in the future.

Seismic fragility assessment of RC frame structure designed according to modern Chinese code for seismic design of buildings

Following several damaging earthquakes in China, research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete （RC） building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings. The Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （CCSDB） has evolved over time, however, there is still reported earthquake induced damage of newly designed RC buildings. Thus, to investigate modern Chinese seismic design code, three low-, mid- and high-rise RC frames were designed according to the 2010 CCSDB and the corresponding vulnerability curves were derived by computing a probabilistic seismic demand model （PSDM）.The PSDM was computed by carrying out nonlinear time history analysis using thirty ground motions obtained from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Finally, the PSDM was used to generate fragility curves for immediate occupancy, significant damage, and collapse prevention damage levels. Results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that the seismic demands on the three different frames designed according to the 2010 CCSDB meet the seismic requirements and are almost in the same safety level.

Exploration on Design of Waterfront Landscape and Building in Xianghu Lake Park of Nanchang City

Wa terfront park is an important composition of current urban ecological tourism in China,which sufficiently reveals the economic development situation of the city and the leisure culture life of the masses,and embodies rich regional cultural characteristics.Taking Xianghu Lake Park of Nanchang City as the example,design features of its water landscape and building are analyzed and explored.The design fol ows the principle of utilization function combining with artistry,pa ys attention to plane layout and spatial organization,and retains classical architectural style of the building.

Undergraduate Design and Analysis of a LEED Certified Building

In this technical and educational research endeavor, a diverse group of civil engineering students took on the role of creating the means and methods of producing a successful building design. Architectural, structural, and environmental designs were primarily performed. This was followed by detailed cost analysis with the intent of providing a realistic cost comparison by pricing the intended building, using traditional material and typical building methods, versus pricing the building using recycled material and new present-day technology. Some green features needed to achieve a LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) gold certification were considered and applied. It is shown that producing a green building is more costly in present circumstances;however, the additional cost due to greenification pays itself off throughout the years giving in return saving features. Even though the design of a green building comes with detailed planning and costly material, it does generate benefits for the building owner, the society, and most importantly the environment.

Application of Green Building Design in Residential Buildings

In recent years,with the rapid development of the world economy,the environment and resources have been seriously damaged,and the global climate is changing quietly.People began to pay more and more attention to the protection of environment and resources.In the process of building residential buildings,the construction industry also needs to strengthen the application of green building design,so as to achieve the purpose of green environmental protection.The author makes an in-depth research and analysis on the characteristics of green building design,and puts forward the effective strategies for the application of green building design in residential buildings,hoping to help improve the green environmental protection of residential buildings.

CBE Clima Tool:A free and open-source web application for climate analysis tailored to sustainable building design

Climate-responsive building design holds immense potential for enhancing comfort,energy efficiency,and environmental sustainability.However,many social,cultural,and economic obstacles might prevent the wide adoption of designing climate-adapted buildings.One of these obstacles can be removed by enabling practitioners to easily access,visualize and analyze local climate data.The CBE Clima Tool(Clima)is a free and open-source web application that offers easy access to publicly available weather files and has been created for building energy simulation and design.It provides a series of interactive visualizations of the variables contained in the EnergyPlus Weather Files and several derived ones like the UTCI or the adaptive comfort indices.It is aimed at students,educators,and practitioners in the architecture and engineering fields.Since its inception,Clima’s user base has exhibited robust growth,attracting over 25,000 unique users annually from across 70 countries.Our tool is poised to revolutionize climate-adaptive building design,transcending geographical boundaries and fostering innovation in the architecture and engineering fields.

BioTRIZ Suggests Radiative Cooling of Buildings Can Be Done Passively by Changing the Structure of Roof Insulation to Let Longwave Infrared Pass

This paper demonstrates the application of a design tool called BioTRIZ. Its developers claim that it can be used to access biological strategies for solving engineering problems. Our aim is to design a roof for hot climates that gets free cooling through radiant coupling with the sky. The insulation in a standard roof stops the sun and convection from warming the thermal mass. But it also restricts the mass＇s longwave view of the cool sky. Different solutions to this conflict are offered by BioTRIZ. The chosen solution is to replace the standard insulation component with an open cell honeycomb. The vertical cells would allow longwave radiation to pass, while arresting convection. The solutions offered by BioTRIZ＇s technological counterpart include no such changes in structure. It is estimated that the thermal mass in the biomimetic roof would remain on average 4.5℃ cooler than in a standard roof over a year in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Application of CFD plug-ins integrated into urban and building design platforms for performance simulations:A literature review

The transformation of urban and building design into green development is conducive to alleviating resource and environmental problems.Building design largely determines pollutant emissions and energy consumption throughout the building life cycle.Full consideration of the impact of urban geometries on the microclimate will help construct livable and healthy cities.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations significantly improve the efficiency of assessing the microclimate and the performance of design schemes.The integration of CFD into design platforms by plug-ins marks a landmark development for the interaction of computer-aided design(CAD)and CFD,allowing architects to perform CFD simulations in their familiar design environments.This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and comprehensive comparison of CFD plug-ins in Autodesk Revit,Rhinoceros/Grasshopper,and SketchUp.The applications of CFD plug-ins in urban and building design are reviewed according to three types:single-objective,multi-objective,and coupling simulations.Two primary roles of CFD plug-ins integrated into the design process,including providing various micro-scale numerical simulations and optimizing the original design via feedback results,are analyzed.The issues of mesh generation,boundary conditions,turbulence models,and simulation accuracy during CFD plug-in applications are discussed.Finally,the limitations and future possibilities of CFD plug-ins are proposed.

湖北省绿色校园中建筑技术现状与适宜性分析

随着我国中小学绿色建筑的高速推进,绿色校园成为校园建设的发展趋势。本文通过调研分析了在绿色建筑技术校园中的使用现状,采用Design Building(DB)进行能耗模拟,选择典型教学楼对外围护结构传热系数、窗墙比、建筑朝向等进行了适宜性分析。基于此,将最优节能方案与基础模型对比,发现建筑的建筑能耗降低了16.29%。研究结论为绿色建筑技术在绿色校园中的应用与适宜性分析提供一定的理论意义和数据支撑。

Model of Next Generation Energy-Efficient Design Software for Buildings

Energy-efficient design for buildings (EEDB) is a vital step towards building energy-saving. In order to greatly improve the EEDB, the next generation EEDB software that makes use of latest technologies needs to be developed. This paper mainly focuses on establishing the model of the next generation EEDB software. Based on the investigation of literatures and the interviews to the designers, the requirements on the next generation EEDB software were identified, where the lifecycle assessment on both energy consumption and environmental impacts, 3D graphics support, and building information modeling (BIM) support were stressed. Then the workflow for using the next generation EEDB software was established. Finally, based on the workflow, the framework model for the software was proposed, and the partial models and the corresponding functions were systematically analyzed. The model lays a solid foundation for developing the next generation EEDB software.

Green Design Studio: A modular-based approach for high-performance building design

A modular-based Green Design Studio(GDS)platform has been developed in this study for fast and accurate performance analysis for early stage green building design.The GDS platform aims to simplify the design and analysis process by embedding performance parameters into design elements in modules and employing near-real-time model for whole building performance simulation as well as by providing an easy-to-use and intuitive user interface to assist users without extensive knowledge on building physics.The platform consists of building modules as fundamental building blocks,performance predicting models,and a user interface for visualization and interactive design.In the platform,a whole building is composed of modules organized in a hierarchical structure,including spaces,enclosures,service systems,sustainable resource systems and sites.Both physics-based and data-driven models can be used to simulate the building performance and optimize building systems.A simplified physics-based model,the Resistance–Capacitance(RC)model,has been proposed as a generic simulation model for the flows of heat,air,moisture and pollutants,which is significantly faster than conventional simulation tools such as EnergyPlus,and hence more practical for use in real-time design interaction and optimization.A pilot case study is conducted to illustrate the modular-based design approach using a section of an office building.Compared to conventional building performance analysis tools,the GDS platform can provide fast and reliable feedback on performance prediction for early design.The modular approach makes it easier to modify the building design and evaluate the potentials and contributions of various green design features and technologies.

Review of onsite temperature and solar forecasting models to enable better building design and operations

Advanced building controls and energy optimization for new constructions and retrofits rely on accurate weather data.Traditionally,most studies utilize airport weather information as the decision inputs.However,most buildings are in environments that are quite different than those at the airport miles away.Tree cover,adjacent buildings,and micro-climate effects caused by the larger surrounding area can all yield deviations in air temperature,humidity,solar irradiance,and wind that are large enough to influence design and operation decisions.In order to overcome this challenge,there are many prior studies on developing weather forecasting algorithms from micro-to meso-scales.This paper reviews and complies knowledge on common weather data resources,data processing methodologies and forecasting techniques of weather information.Commonly used statistical,machine learning and physical-based models are discussed and presented as two major categories:deterministic forecasting and probabilistic forecasting.Finally,evaluation metrics for forecasting errors are listed and discussed.

A prototype online database-enabled design framework for wind analysis/design of low-rise buildings

This study presents a development of an advanced cyberbased database-enabled design module for low- rise buildings （DEDM-LR） which provides estimation of the wind-induced responses for main wind force resisting frames by making direct use of pressure time histories measured at a large number of pressure taps over a suite of building models. These responses may be considered in lieu of code-specified load effects in which the overall accuracy may be influenced by the inherent simplifications in codes. In addition, this new automated approach is particularly attractive and advantageous as it allows a web-based online analysis/design via intuitive user-friendly interfaces for both the input and output in terms of familiar web-style forms that are nowadays very common in most of web-based services. Presently, the DEDM-LR hosts an aerodynamic database developed by the Tokyo Polytechnic University （TPU）, Japan for a variety of building configurations like flat, gable, and hip roofs under suburban terrain flow condition with immediate application to other databases. The paper shows the efficacy and validity of the DEDM-LR by walking through its details and examples on selected gable-roofed buildings. The architecture of DEDM-LR platform offers the ability to pool resources by hosting other databases that may become available in the near future.

Introducing Degree Days to Building Thermal Climatic Zoning in China

Building thermal climatic zoning is a key issue in building energy efficiency.Heating degree days(HDD) and cooling degree days(CDD) are often employed as indexes to represent the heating and cooling energy demand in climatic zoning.However,only using degree days may oversimplify the climatic zoning in regions with complex climatic conditions.In the present study,the application of degree days to current building thermal climatic zoning in China was assessed based on performance simulations.To investigate the key indexes for thermal climatic zoning,the climate characteristics of typical cities were analyzed and the relationships between the climate indexes and heating/cooling demand were obtained.The results reveal that the annual cumulative heating load had a linear correlation with HDD 18 only in regions with small differences in altitude.Therefore,HDD is unsuitable for representing the heating demand in regions with large differences in altitude.A comprehensive index(winter climatic severity index) should be employed instead of HDD,or complementary indexes(daily global solar radiation or altitude) could be used to further divide climate zones.In the current official climatic zoning,the base temperature of 26℃ for CDD is excessively high.The appropriate base temperature range is 18℃ to 22℃.This study provides a reference for selecting indexes to improve thermal climatic zoning in regions with similar climates.

Advancing and demonstrating the Impact Indices method to screen the sensitivity of building energy use to occupant behaviour

A critical gap between the occupant behaviour research field and the building engineering practice limits the integration of occupant-centric strategies into simulation-aided building design and operation.Closing this gap would contribute to the implementation of strategies that improve the occupants’well-being while reducing the buildings’environmental footprint.In this view,it is urgent to develop guidelines,standardised methods,and supporting tools that facilitate the integration of advanced occupant behaviour models into the simulation studies.One important step that needs to be fully integrated into the simulation workflow is the identification of influential and non-influential occupant behaviour aspects for a given simulation problem.Accordingly,this article advances and demonstrates the application of the Impact Indices method,a fast and efficient method for screening the potential impact of occupant behaviour on the heating and cooling demand.Specifically,the method now allows the calculation of Impact Indices quantifying the sensitivity of building energy use to occupancy,lighting use,plug-load appliances use,and blind operation at any spatial and temporal resolution.Hence,users can apply it in more detailed heating and cooling scenarios without losing information.Furthermore,they can identify which components in building design and operation require more sophisticated occupant behaviour models.An office building is used as a real case study to illustrate the application of the method and asses its performance against a one-factor-at-a-time sensitivity analysis.The Impact Indices method indicates that occupancy,lighting use and plug-load appliances have the greatest impact on the annual cooling demand of the studied office building;blind operation is influential only in the west and south façades of the building.Finally,potential applications of the method in building design and operation practice are discussed.

OBD三维照明设计研究

随着国内三维设计的逐步推广,设计软件逐渐趋于完善,对电力三维设计要求更加严苛。同时,国际市场逐步扩大,工厂业主除了要求提供负荷计算书外,还需提供厂区和建筑物照度计算报告,以确定灯具布置的合理性。传统照明设计中依靠典型方案和经验值来进行灯具布置的方式难以符合业主对照度精细化设计的需求。本文详细介绍了采用Bentley软件Open Building Designer(简称OBD)进行三维照明设计的流程,根据现场实测验证其设计结果的准确性,并结合实际工程体现三维照明的设计优势。希望通过本篇文章形成高效一体的照明设计数字化解决方案,共同为工程数字化工作添砖加瓦。

The Designed Philosophy And Strategy For Building China Auto Industry Into A Pillar Industry

Ⅰ. The way to the continuous development of China auto industry China auto industry began its step on the basis of equipment & technologies importation from the former USSR. From 1980s, for the sake of developing China car industry and