水田动力底盘逆向建模与质心验证——基于Geomagic Design X

针对目前农业机械仿真和优化模型精度不高的问题,提出了一种构建精确模型的逆向建模方法。应用光学扫描仪采集点云数据,基于Geomagic Design X处理点云数据并重构零部件模型,在SolidWorks中完成水田动力底盘的装配。以VP6D-CQ型水田动力底盘为例,将测得的实际质心位置与所建的模型质心位置进行比较,并对提出的逆向建模方法进行了试验验证以及误差分析。结果表明:总质量、x坐标、y坐标、z坐标的误差值分别为4.55%、3.62%、2.23%、4.81%,误差值均在5%内。此方法可构建准确的三维模型,为后续仿真优化数据精确性奠定了基础,与传统的研发相比较,可缩短农业机械研发周期、降低设计成本。

Fundamental Options for Designing Transmission Systems Supplying Metropolitan Centers

Transgression networks in metropolitan centers need to supply a large quantity of power in a reliable manner to vital loads that are located within. A transmission network supplying such an important area must have a high standard of reliability. Therefore, those transmission systems require a special form of redundancy in order to prevent sustained outages after severe contingencies such as multiple faults. This paper outlines different forms of redundancy, and the fundamental options for designing a metropolitan network based on different forms of redundancy are illustrated. Relative merits and drawbacks of network designs based on each form of redundancy are also shown.

Multi-Hazard Evaluation Using Cluster Analysis—For Designated Evacuation Centers of Yokohama

Hazard maps are usually prepared for each disaster, including seismic hazard maps, flood hazard maps, and landslide hazard maps. However, when the general public attempts to check their own disaster risk, most are likely not aware of the specific types of disaster. So, first of all, we need to know what kinds of hazards are important. However, the information that integrates multiple hazards is not well maintained, and there are few such studies. On the other hand, in Japan, a lot of hazard information is being released on the Internet. So, we summarized and assessed hazard data that can be accessed online regarding shelters (where evacuees live during disasters) and their catchments (areas assigned to each shelter) in Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture. Based on the results, we investigated whether a grouping by cluster analysis would allow for multi-hazard assessment. We used four natural disasters (seismic, flood, tsunami, sediment disaster) and six parameters of other population and senior population. However, since the characteristics of the population and the senior population were almost the same, only population data was used in the final examination. From the cluster analysis, it was found that it is appropriate to group the designated evacuation centers in Yokohama City into six groups. In addition, each of the six groups was found to have explainable characteristics, confirming the effectiveness of multi-hazard creation using cluster analysis. For example, we divided, all hazards are low, both flood and Seismic hazards are high, sediment hazards are high, etc. In many Japanese cities, disaster prevention measures have been constructed in consideration of ground hazards, mainly for earthquake disasters. In this paper, we confirmed the consistency between the evaluation results of the multi-hazard evaluated here and the existing ground hazard map and examined the usefulness of the designated evacuation center. Finally, the validity was confirmed by comparing this result with the ground hazard based on the actual measurement by the past research. In places where the seismic hazard is large, the two are consistent with the fact that the easiness of shaking by actual measurement is also large.

User Centered Design for Battlefield Screen

This thesis paper is a brief summary of user centered design, (particularly in the situation of under the battlefield), which incorporates the related information after reviewing many other papers. A display screen user requires an ability to provide proper information while considering a variety of information in a short period. While operating the display screen, the user is heavily pressed for time as the missions are allocated through many different steps of orders. In addition, since a failure would cause fatal damage or cause further defeat, this increases the pressure of time. The right environment for operating a display screen is most useful when the user is in the most vulnerable time period or long-term continuous operation of the display screen. In that kind of sterile environment, the operating display screen is there to help the user’s decisions for the matter at hand, in this it should follow the user centered design and improve the user’s handiness and use. Furthermore, the information should be provided in accordance with the user's informational and perceptional process, and the capacity of the information process should be improved with the movement through each process and step. This thesis paper can be used as a reference material when designing the display screen in order to apply a user’s experiences.

An Innovative Architectural Strategy for the Integration of Energy Issues into the Design Process of a Commercial Center in Switzerland

In a context of growing efforts to develop sustainability strategies, energy-related issues occupy central stage in the built environment. Thus, the energy performance of housings has improved radically over the past decades. Yet other types of buildings, in particular commercial centers, haven’t received the same level of interest. As a result, there is a need for effective and practical measures to decrease their energy consumption, both for heating and electricity. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that it is possible, through coherent strategies, to integrate energy issues and bioclimatic principles into the design process of commercial centers. It analyzes the exemplary case study of Marin Commercial Center (Switzerland). The interdisciplinary approach, based on integrated design strategies, aimed at increasing the energy efficiency while keeping the cost comparable to the market cost. The main design principles include natural ventilation, nighttime cooling with energy recovery and natural lighting, as well as optimization of mechanical systems. The results of the simulations show that Marin Center attains the best energy performance observed so far among Swiss commercial centers. It also meets the Swiss Minergie standard. The paper thus questions traditional design processes and outlines the need for interdisciplinary evaluation and monitoring approaches tailored for commercial centers. Even though most crucial decisions are taken during the early stages, all phases of the process require systematic optimization strategies, especially operating stages. Recommendations include legal measures, in particular in the fields of ventilation and air-conditioning, education, professional development and technology transfer, and financial incentives for the replacement of energy intensive installations.

OPTIMIZING DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SELF-CENTERING DEVICE FOR SUSPENSION HEIGHT

Firstly, in view of the respective defects of existing self-centering devices for vehicle suspension height, the design scheme of the proposed mechanical self-centering device for suspension height is described. Taking the rear suspension of a certain light bus as a research example, the structures and parameters of the novel device are designed and ascertained. Then, the road excitation models, the performance evaluation indexes and the half-vehicle model are built, the simulation outputs of time and frequency domain are obtained with the road excitations of random and pulse by using MATLAB/Simulink software. So the main characteristics of the self-centering suspension are presented preliminarily. Finally, a multi-objective parameter design optimization model for the self-centering device is built by weighted sum approach, and optimal solution is obtained by adopting complex approach. The relevant choosing-type parameters for self-centering device components are deduced by using discrete variable optimal method, and the optimal results are verified and analyzed. So the performance potentials of the self-centering device are exerted fully in condition of ensuring overall suspension performances.

Exploiting User Centered Design Approach and Interactivity in Web Based Software Developing

Human computer interaction (HCI) and software engineering approaches are always taken into the account together in order to make the well-organized software. Interactive design is the significant part of new media which has been proposed to the world for the past decades, and it is a very proficient technique. Interactive maps add more dimensions of information;they become a more and more helpful tools and resources. This research clarifies the idea of how we can smooth the progress of presenting and communicating the essential information using interactive manner. The interactive map of Bangkok underground train and sky train navigation routes map was developed as the case study using user-centered design (UCD) methodology as the fundamental developing processes. The main objective of the work is to develop the friendly and usable web based software that reduce the confusion and help users save times. The software developing processes in this work tend to focus on the users. And also the essential idea of the research is to take the uses and gratification communication theory of the users into account with the intention of providing what user requires by finding the real users’ requirements. This means the user can control software according to their needs and software act or response according to user’s requests. The paper mentions the role of communication theory, human computer interaction, and user-centered design software developing.

Finite Element Analysis and Optimal Design Based on ANSYS in a XH2408 Gantry Style NC Machining Center

ANSYS, the software of construction analysis, is used to analyze static and dynamic performances of a XH2408 gantry style numerical control （NC） milling machining center and optimize its construction using the finite element method. First, a finite element model is established and the static and dynamic analysis are completed as constraints and loads applied on the finite element model. It is found that both spindle box and gantry are the worst components of assembly in performance. Secondly, the spindle box and gantry are chosen as objects of optimal design separately, aiming to improve their performance. The optimal plans are accomplished on the basis of the minimum volume for the spindle box and the maximum inherent frequency for the gantry subject to the constrains. Finally, the machine tool improved is analyzed statically and dynamically based on the optimal results of the spindle box and gantry. The results show that optimal design with the finite element method increases static and dynamical performances of the XH2408 gantry style numerical control milling machining center and the technique is effective and practical in engineering applications.

利益群体视角下江西省国家区域医疗中心建设探讨

建设国家区域医疗中心是促进优质医疗资源均衡布局的重大举措。江西省国家区域医疗中心建设数量多,且病种选择准、会商调度勤、思想统一快。但从政府、输出医院、依托医院等利益群体视角看,仍存在顶层设计不清晰、参与医院动力不足等问题,需要加快健全协调机制、明晰三方权责、完善考评和专班制度、优化绿色通道,强化输出医院动力,支持依托医院错位发展,打造可持续的双方合作与项目医院自我发展模式。

基于对分课堂理念的蔬菜嫁接实验课堂教学改革

“以学生为中心”的对分课堂教学模式是一种新型教学模式,突出强调内化吸收和讨论环节。传统的蔬菜嫁接实验课堂教学模式不能充分调动学生课堂参与的积极性和主动性,也不能提升学生的创新能力。基于学生主体性与潜能发挥,结合蔬菜嫁接实验本身,提出了“以学生为中心”的蔬菜嫁接实验对分课堂教学模式,对教学内容进行了层次化设计,增加了实验的综合性和创新性。实验过程增加了实验设计、小组讨论和答辩环节,建立了实验全过程的考核体系。教学实践证明,“以学生为中心”的蔬菜嫁接实验对分课堂教学模式激发和培养了学生的实践和创新能力,有效提高了实验教学效果。

从“款待”学生出发做好课程思政——以微生物学与免疫学课程为例

“以学生为中心,目标导向,持续改进”是国际工程教育专业认证体现的核心价值。为让教师在“以学生为中心”方面更具有可操作性,师生关系更加融洽,笔者在微生物学与免疫学的教学工作中,引入“款待”的概念,帮助教师调整好心态,能够更加松弛地开展本科教学,建立与学生的情感联系,为课程思政的开展奠定坚实基础。从对学生的亲切款待出发,进行教学环节设计,可以帮助教师在课程思政教学设计创新中坚持以学生为中心,紧紧围绕学生“消化能力”进行教学设计和创新,呵护学生情绪,激发学生学习自觉性,培养学生好学、乐学的习惯,达到培养学生爱人民、爱集体、爱社会的家国情怀。

高职思政课混合式教学设计研究

为深化线上线下教学的深度融合,促进技术手段与行为方式的系统整合,发挥混合式教学在高职思政课中的重要作用,文章界定了线上线下混合式教学的内涵,阐述了高职思政理论课以问题为导向、以学生为中心的教学设计理念。以该理念为指导,遵循问题解决的逻辑,通过目的和现状分析,明确了高职思政理论课教学设计要解决的问题;通过学情分析,阐释了影响高职思政理论课教学实效的消极性因素;在策略分析的基础上,构建了高职思政理论课混合式教学的基本框架。

网络强国视角下青少年网络素养的内涵界定、测评方式与教育路径

网络强国要求中国少年网络强。中国化的网络素养急需突破西方抵制保护主义、分析范式和表征范式的网络媒介素养观。在内涵界定上,确立必备品格和关键能力两个基本内涵,品格上要恪守网络伦理和网络文明,实现网络与现实人格相统一,具备网络适应力、胜任力和创造力;能力上要坚持网络认知为先,网络技能为重,网络道德为魂,体现时代性、实践性、创造性、人民性和国际性的鲜明特征。在测评研究上,应该紧跟当前核心素养教育的改革方向,坚持走网络素养教育的"知行统一"路线,借鉴核心素养测评的评价方法,秉持"以证据为中心的设计"的理念,开展"基于证据进行推理"的测评设计,用组合模型实现科学评价。在教育路径上,要关注在中国开展网络素养教育的地区差异、阶层差异和文化差异,要从提升教师的网络素养开始,将网络素养教育与数字素养教育有机融合,组建教科研共同体,开展基于网络素养提升的课程开发研究和教育行动研究,持续推进大中小网络素养教育一体化。

基于胆碱类低共熔溶剂高效提取香附总黄酮的研究

目的:采用胆碱类低共熔溶剂高效提取香附药效组分总黄酮。方法:通过中心组合设计法,对胆碱类低共熔溶剂的性质(种类、组分摩尔比、含水量)、提取温度、提取时间、液料比等因素进行分析。结果:研究发现,香附总黄酮的最佳提取条件为:以氯化胆碱为氢键供体,以丙三醇为氢键受体,摩尔比1∶2,含水量20%,配比1∶4,水比例30%,提取温度80℃,提取时间40 min,液固比为15 mL/g。结论:本研究提示可将胆碱类低共熔溶剂作为可持续、高效的天然提取介质应用于香附药效组分的提取。

多维一体:师范类专业认证背景下课程目标的达成——以外国文学教学为例

设计符合师范类专业认证理念的课程教学模式是课程目标达成的关键。运用“产出导向”理念,将按照多层面向、反向方向设计切合毕业要求的指标点制定教学大纲外,重构课堂教学模式和教学评价策略尤为重要。应彻底打破传统以教为主的课堂教学,运用问题引领、任务驱动等可促进学生自主学习与探究的教学方法,构建“学的课堂”教学模式;颠覆无的放矢且滞后的评价方式,建立以对接目标、及时评价为核心的教学评价策略。如此,可有效实现课程目标的达成,进而夯实高校师范类专业认证达标体系的基础。

面向数字时代的复杂技能教学设计研究

数字时代的技术发展重塑了工作环境和工作方式,高素质数字技能人才需要具备复杂技能以适应未来的工作需求。对复杂技能的培养应落实到日程教学中,基于真实情境中的数字化工作任务开展技能教学。为此,基于4C/ID模型和行动导向的学习理论构建了以任务为中心的复杂技能教学设计框架,并应用该框架在一门信息技术类技能型课程中开展案例研究。主要围绕以下两个问题展开研究:(1)工作任务完成过程中哪些教学设计要素会影响复杂技能的获得?(2)课程案例中的复杂技能教学有哪些适用的教学策略?在案例课程中选择3个难易程度不同的工作任务,通过课堂观察、师生访谈以及教学设计迭代和优化,深入探索复杂技能教学的教学过程、关键教学要素和教学策略,最后形成8个关键教学要素、21个理论性教学策略和10个生成性策略,验证了复杂技能教学设计框架的适用性。

木窗双端铣削加工中心关键机构的设计与研究

针对被动式欧式木窗外框铣削加工效率低、加工精度低和人工劳动强度大等问题,设计一种被动式欧式木窗的双端铣削加工中心,用于被动式欧式木窗外框高效率、高精度铣削加工。通过对木窗铣削工艺的分析,采用计算机辅助设计方法对加工中心结构进行详细设计,利用Solidworks软件对加工中心进行三维建模,基于有限元分析软件对关键支撑零件的强度、刚度进行分析,使用虚拟试验方法验证加工中心的加工效率。研究结果表明,加工中心理论加工效率约为400扇/d,相较于人工加工效率350扇/d,效率提升了14.28%,关键支撑零件的最大应力远小于材料的许用应力,满足使用要求。

九论以用户为中心的设计:智能时代的“用户体验3.0”范式

基于“以用户为中心设计”理念的用户体验(UX)领域正在迈向智能时代,但是现有的UX范式主要针对非智能系统,缺乏针对智能系统UX的系统化方法。纵观UX的发展历程,UX范式呈现出跨技术时代的演进特征。当前,智能时代对UX范式提出了新要求。为此,本文从UX范式出发,提出智能时代的“UX 3.0”范式框架以及相应的方法体系。“UX 3.0”范式框架包括五大类UX方法:生态化体验、创新赋能体验、AI赋能体验、人智交互体验、人智协同合作体验方法,其中每一类方法都包括相应的UX范式取向。“UX 3.0”范式的提出有助于提升现有UX方法,为智能系统UX研究和应用提供方法论支持。最后,本文展望“UX 3.0”范式今后的研究和应用。

以女性为中心的智能产品设计研究

强调在智能产品设计领域应挖掘女性文化价值。围绕女性设计与人本智能产品发展现状,探究新视角下女性智能产品设计前景。采用案例分析法、文献调查法、跨学科研究法等研究方法,分析不同女性社会性别角色在产品设计中的现状。归纳以女性为中心的产品设计层次:“为女性设计”“由女性设计”和“因女性设计”。总结主要流程的设计方法,并结合智能美妆冰箱设计实践案例验证相关设计方法。为女性智能产品设计研究提供一定参考。

学习中心视角下的大单元教学设计

大单元作为学习单位的本质规定,意味着大单元教学的重心不是教授内容而是组织和引导学习,也决定了其教学设计必须以学习为中心。学习中心视角下,大单元教学设计在任务设定、内容生成和时间安排方面分别遵循依学施教、因学而成和以学定时的理念。其内在逻辑表现为,以大观念为内核生成大单元,以大任务为起点驱动大单元,以大活动为过程展开大单元。大单元教学要在素养目标与现实材料的双向比对中提取大观念,在理论学习与经验学习的双层考量中构建大任务,在素养针对性与学科典型性的双重观照中设计大活动。其过程设计可按进阶式学习、平行式学习、迭代式学习等模式展开。