Large torque can be output by the single gimbal control momentum gyroscope (SGCMG) based on the principle of the gyroscopic precession. However, the singularity is a major obstacle to successfully implement the task o...Large torque can be output by the single gimbal control momentum gyroscope (SGCMG) based on the principle of the gyroscopic precession. However, the singularity is a major obstacle to successfully implement the task of the attitude control. The singularity can be avoided by the additional variable flywheel speed of variable speed control moment gyroscopes (VSCMG). Unfortunately, some kind of singularity cannot be effectively avoided. Consequently, the output toque can be only supported by the reaction torque of the flywheel when the singularity is encountered, and the consume power that is determined by the flywheel speed and reaction torque can be greatly increased when the flywheel spin rate over one thousand revolutions per minute. In this paper, the pyramid configuration with variable skew angle of the VSCMG is considered. A new steering law for the VSCMG with variable skew angle is proposed. The singularity that cannot be avoided by the varying flywheel speed can be effectively avoided with assisting of varying the skew angle. Consequently, the requirement of flywheel torque can be reduced. At last, the optimizing VSCMG with variable skew angle can be cast as a multi-objective function with multi-constraints. The particle swarm optimization method is used to solve the optimizing problem. In summary, the VSCMG with variable skew angle can be redesigned with considering of the singularity avoidance and minimizing system power.展开更多
Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to get access to flows) of finite size systems, but paradoxes do exist as not all vegetables have a tree form. Also, nature does not improve all animals for di...Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to get access to flows) of finite size systems, but paradoxes do exist as not all vegetables have a tree form. Also, nature does not improve all animals for displacement. This work aims at creating a model to explain those paradoxes about constructal l<span style="letter-spacing:-0.05pt;">aw. It adopted the system engineering technique of segregation bet</span>ween functions (abstract goals) and solutions (physical entities). Further, this work introduced the assumptions of flow under external threats and imperfect channels (subject to leakages and suboptimal form). Results showed that there are always elements doing four functions in all types of channels: to reduce entropy, to protect channel, to retain integrity and to drive flow. Although the four functions are always present, natural systems typically privilege one function over others, depending on environmental demands. As a solution to improve flows, animal brains also fit in the model of four functions. Human <span style="letter-spacing:-0.05pt;">mind seems to have groups of instincts associated </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"letter-spacing:-0.05pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"letter-spacing:-0.05pt;"> each of the fou</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"">r channel design functions, leading to four behavior phenotypes and four motivations (prominence, inclusiveness, negativity prevention and tradition). Finally, this</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"">model (channels need to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"">meet four goals) unified physics and animal psychology and extended applications of Constructal law to the fields of systems engineering methods, management, and psychological science.展开更多
文摘Large torque can be output by the single gimbal control momentum gyroscope (SGCMG) based on the principle of the gyroscopic precession. However, the singularity is a major obstacle to successfully implement the task of the attitude control. The singularity can be avoided by the additional variable flywheel speed of variable speed control moment gyroscopes (VSCMG). Unfortunately, some kind of singularity cannot be effectively avoided. Consequently, the output toque can be only supported by the reaction torque of the flywheel when the singularity is encountered, and the consume power that is determined by the flywheel speed and reaction torque can be greatly increased when the flywheel spin rate over one thousand revolutions per minute. In this paper, the pyramid configuration with variable skew angle of the VSCMG is considered. A new steering law for the VSCMG with variable skew angle is proposed. The singularity that cannot be avoided by the varying flywheel speed can be effectively avoided with assisting of varying the skew angle. Consequently, the requirement of flywheel torque can be reduced. At last, the optimizing VSCMG with variable skew angle can be cast as a multi-objective function with multi-constraints. The particle swarm optimization method is used to solve the optimizing problem. In summary, the VSCMG with variable skew angle can be redesigned with considering of the singularity avoidance and minimizing system power.
文摘Constructal law explains the sense of evolution (morphing to get access to flows) of finite size systems, but paradoxes do exist as not all vegetables have a tree form. Also, nature does not improve all animals for displacement. This work aims at creating a model to explain those paradoxes about constructal l<span style="letter-spacing:-0.05pt;">aw. It adopted the system engineering technique of segregation bet</span>ween functions (abstract goals) and solutions (physical entities). Further, this work introduced the assumptions of flow under external threats and imperfect channels (subject to leakages and suboptimal form). Results showed that there are always elements doing four functions in all types of channels: to reduce entropy, to protect channel, to retain integrity and to drive flow. Although the four functions are always present, natural systems typically privilege one function over others, depending on environmental demands. As a solution to improve flows, animal brains also fit in the model of four functions. Human <span style="letter-spacing:-0.05pt;">mind seems to have groups of instincts associated </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"letter-spacing:-0.05pt;">with</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"letter-spacing:-0.05pt;"> each of the fou</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"">r channel design functions, leading to four behavior phenotypes and four motivations (prominence, inclusiveness, negativity prevention and tradition). Finally, this</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"">model (channels need to</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:""> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"">meet four goals) unified physics and animal psychology and extended applications of Constructal law to the fields of systems engineering methods, management, and psychological science.