Practical pattern-based design recovery approach

A practical approach is presented to enlarge the recoverable scope and improve the precision of pattern recovery. To specify both structural aspects and behavioral aspects of design patterns, we introduce traditional predicate logic combined with Alien's interval-based temporal logic as our theoretical foundation. Moreover, we take the Visitor pattern as an example to illustrate how to specify design patterns to support recovery of design patterns besides structural category. The experimental results show that the approach presented is practical for recovering design information of real world systems.

Structural Analysis and Optimal Design for Water Tube Panel in an Alkali Recovery Boiler

Alkali recovery aiming at recovering NaOH is the best available technology in China's pulp and paper industry;an alkali recovery boiler is a popular one among all alkali recovery units. For the purpose of designing the most reasonable tube-panel of an evaporator in a 1500 t/d alkali recovery boiler, a total of 8 kinds of cases are put forward for finite element analysis. The modeling, meshing and calculation are carried out for each case. The stress values and their distribution rules are revealed in this paper. The slotting size for the water tubes panel is analyzed by using the optimum design module of ANSYS. After all cases are compared with each other, the optimal one is developed and exemplified in conclusion.

Design of a Simulator for Enhanced Oil Recovery Process Using a Nigerian Reservoir as a Case Study

This study involves the applications of different numerical techniques in a more general way to the design of a simulator for an enhanced oil recovery process with surfactant assisted water flooding. The data from a hypothetical oil well and a Nigerian oil well were used for the validation of the simulator. The process is represented by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations: the continuity equation for the transport of the components and Darcy’s equation for the phase flow. The orthogonal collocation, finite difference and coherence theory techniques were used in solving the equations that characterized the multidimensional, multiphase and multicomponent flow problem. Matlab computer programs were used for the numerical solution of the model equ- ations. The predicted simulator, obtained from the resulting numerical exercise confers uncondi- tional stability and more insight into the physical reservoir description. The results of the ortho- gonal collocation solution were compared with those of finite difference and coherence solutions. The results indicate that the concentration of surfactants for orthogonal collocation show more features than the predictions of the coherence solution and the finite difference, offering more opportunities for further understanding of the physical nature of the complex problem. We have found out that the partition of the three components between the two-phases determines other physical property data and hence the oil recovery. The oil recovery for the Nigerian oil reservoir is higher than the recovery predicted for the hypothetical crude. The displacement mechanism for the multicomponent and multiphase system is stable in the Nigerian oil reservoir due to the mod- erate value of the oil/water viscosity instead of the hypothetical reservoir with high value of oil/water ratio.

Gas Turbine Design and Matching Research of Waste Heat Recovery System for Marine Diesel Engine

With the emphasis on energy and environmental protection,energy-conservation and emission-reduction become vital issues for industrial development.Moreover,with the development of legislation on marine environment,the marine diesel engine has become focusing on energy saving and emission reduction for ships.For low-speed diesel engines under high load,waste heat from exhaust gas can be recovered by the compact and efficient gas turbine.In this paper,the matching design research between low speed diesel engine and gas turbine is carried out.To balance efficiency and compactness,the impeller was adjusted and generated by ANSYS BLADEGEN,based on 1D thermodynamic design.And the 1D calculation is similar to the ANSYS CFX simulation result:the total-static efficiency is 73.8%compared to 76.7%.Moreover,the flow separation happened at the impeller suction side and created vortex due to the high incidence angle.The off-design operating point simulation of the turbine shows though the pressure ratio increase will cause the efficiency to decline a little,the total shaft power rises.In sum,this paper worked out a power turbine suitable for a low-speed diesel engine according to the turbine character matching design and simulation,which provides foundation to the construction of a steady operation of waste heat recovery system for marine diesel engine.

Study on the Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Pavements

With a concrete pavement slab prestressed, its load carrying capacity can be significantly increased; thus a thinner slab may be used for the same loading. Prestressing modify the structural behavior of the pavement slab and there is a greater resistance to impact, vibration and overloading. This paper discusses the major design considerations necessary in the successful construction of prestressed concrete pavements and presents a design procedure developed to predict the compressive stress due to prestressing in the pavements at early stage, during service and after cracking. Variation in the approach for repetitive and nonrepetitive loads is clearly distinguished. Check on the recovery after cracking for overloading in prestressed pavements is also needed. Finally, a design example is illustrated the application of the approach developed.

Optimization of flotation variables for the recovery of hematite particles from BHQ ore

The technology for beneficiation of banded iron ores containing low iron value is a challenging task due to increasing demand of quality iron ore in India. A flotation process has been developed to treat one such ore, namely banded hematite quartzite （BHQ） containing 41.8wt% Fe and 41.5wt% SiO2,by using oleic acid, methyl isobutyl carbinol （MIBC）, and sodium silicate as the collector, frother, and dispersant, respectively. The relative effects of these variables have been evaluated in half-normal plots and Pareto charts using central composite rotatable design. A quadratic response model has been developed for both Fe grade and recovery and optimized within the experimental range. The optimum reagent dosages are found to be as follows： collector concentration of 243.58 g/t, dispersant concentration of 195.67 g/t, pH 8.69, and conditioning time of 4.8 min to achieve the maximum Fe grade of 64.25% with 67.33% recovery. The predictions of the model with regard to iron grade and recovery are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Geotechnical considerations for concurrent pillar recovery in close-distance multiple seams

Room-and-pillar mining with pillar recovery has historically been associated with more than 25% of all ground fall fatalities in underground coal mines in the United States.The risk of ground falls during pillar recovery increases in multiple-seam mining conditions.The hazards associated with pillar recovery in multiple-seam mining include roof cutters, roof falls, rib rolls, coal outbursts, and floor heave.When pillar recovery is planned in multiple seams, it is critical to properly design the mining sequence and panel layout to minimize potential seam interaction.This paper addresses geotechnical considerations for concurrent pillar recovery in two coal seams with 21 m of interburden under about 305 m of depth of cover.The study finds that, for interburden thickness of 21 m, the multiple-seam mining influence zone in the lower seam is directly under the barrier pillar within about 30 m from the gob edge of the upper seam.The peak stress in the interburden transfers down at an angle of approximately 20°away from the gob, and the entries and crosscuts in the influence zone are subjected to elevated stress during development and retreat.The study also suggests that, for full pillar recovery in close-distance multiple-seam scenarios,it is optimal to superimpose the gobs in both seams, but it is not necessary to superimpose the pillars.If the entries and/or crosscuts in the lower seam are developed outside the gob line of the upper seam,additional roof and rib support needs to be considered to account for the elevated stress in the multiple-seam influence zone.

Thermodynamic analysis and process optimization of zinc and lead recovery from copper smelting slag with chlorination roasting

An efficient chlorination roasting process for recovering zinc(Zn)and lead(Pb)from copper smelting slag was proposed.Thermodynamic models were established,illustrating that Zn and Pb in copper smelting slag can be efficiently recycled during the chlorination roasting process.By decreasing the partial pressure of the gaseous products,chlorination was promoted.The Box−Behnken design was applied to assessing the interactive effects of the process variables and optimizing the chlorination roasting process.CaCl_(2) dosage and roasting temperature and time were used as variables,and metal recovery efficiencies were used as responses.When the roasting temperature was 1172℃ with a CaCl_(2) addition amount of 30 wt.%and a roasting time of 100 min,the predicted optimal recovery efficiencies of Zn and Pb were 87.85%and 99.26%,respectively,and the results were validated by experiments under the same conditions.The residual Zn-and Pb-containing phases in the roasting slags were ZnFe_(2)O_(4),Zn_(2)SiO_(4),and PbS.

Temperature effect on performance of nanoparticle/surfactant flooding in enhanced heavy oil recovery

Recently,nanoparticles have been used along with surfactants for enhancing oil recovery.Although the recent studies show that oil recovery is enhanced using nanoparticle/surfactant solutions,some effective parameters and mechanisms involved in the oil recovery have not yet been investigated.Therefore,the temperature effect on the stability of nanoparticle/surfactant solutions and ultimate oil recovery has been studied in this work,and the optimal concentrations of both SiO2 nanoparticle and surfactant(sodium dodecyl sulfate)have been determined by the Central Composite Design method.In addition,the simultaneous effects of parameters and their interactions have been investigated.Study of the stability of the injected solutions indicates that the nanoparticle concentration is the most important factor affecting the solution stability.The surfactant makes the solution more stable if used in appropriate concentrations below the CMC.According to the micromodel flooding results,the most effective factor for enhancing oil recovery is temperature compared to the nanoparticle and surfactant concentrations.Therefore,in floodings with higher porous medium temperature,the oil viscosity reduction is considerable,and more oil is recovered.In addition,the surfactant concentration plays a more effective role in reservoirs with higher temperatures.In other words,at a surfactant concentration of 250 ppm,the ultimate oil recovery is improved about 20%with a temperature increase of 20°C.However,when the surfactant concentration is equal to 750 ppm,the temperature increase enhances the ultimate oil recovery by only about 7%.Finally,the nanoparticle and surfactant optimum concentrations determined by Design-Expert software were equal to 46 and 159 ppm,respectively.It is worthy to note that obtained results are validated by the confirmation test.

A collision recovery algorithm using optimal Q parameter based on BIBD in RFID

In this work,an optimal Q algorithm based on a collision recovery scheme is presented. Tags use BIBD-( 16,4,1) codes instead of RN16 s. Therefore,readers can make a valid recognition even in collision slots. A way of getting the optimal slot-count parameter is studied and an optimal Q algorithm is proposed. The theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve reading efficiency by 100% more than the conventional Q algorithm. Moreover,the proposed scheme changes little to the existing standard. Thus,it is easy to implement and compatible with ISO 18000-6C.

Optimal design of nanofiltration system for surface water treatment

Both reverse osmosis(RO) and nanofiltration(NF) membranes have been increasingly used for water purification and desalination. However, the salt rejection of NF membranes is quite different from that of RO membranes,which makes a significant distinction in their process designs. This work started from the performance investigation of a single NF membrane element and then focused on the process design of the NF system for surface water treatment. In experimental tests, it was found that the observed rejection of the NF element becomes nearly constant when the concentrate flow is large enough, while the membrane flux of the NF element is quite stable regardless of the water flow across the membrane surface. These findings can be used to instruct the process design of the NF system for surface water treatment. In process design, a two-stage arrangement is sufficient for the NF system to reach the highest water recovery, while the RO system requires a three-stage arrangement.

Sparse Recovery of Linear Time-Varying Channel in OFDM System

In order to improve the performance of linear time-varying（LTV）channel estimation,based on the sparsity of channel taps in time domain,a sparse recovery method of LTV channel in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM）system is proposed.Firstly,based on the compressive sensing theory,the average of the channel taps over one symbol duration in the LTV channel model is estimated.Secondly,in order to deal with the inter-carrier interference（ICI）,the group-pilot design criterion is used based on the minimization of mutual coherence of the measurement.Finally,an efficient pilot pattern optimization algorithm is proposed by a dual layer loops iteration.The simulation results show that the new method uses less pilots,has a smaller bit error ratio（BER）,and greater ability to deal with Doppler frequency shift than the traditional method does.

Performance Evaluation and Design of RO Desalination Plant: Case Study

The aim of this paper is to design a water desalination plant using Reverse Osmosis membrane to treat salt water to be usable for drinkable, domestic, industrial or agricultural uses. RO unit is designed to conservative standards for versatility in the event of feed water quality variations. The design includes a feed water flush cycle to minimize membrane fouling and piping corrosion during shutdown. The system will be all appropriate controls and instrumentation for automatic operation. All system components are available and of heavy duty industrial design and fabricated with the highest quality workmanship. Quality control will be maintained throughout all manufacturing processes. The system will produce permeate water minimum of 3600 m3/day with a quality of approximately 100 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS) when operating on well feed water with a 10,000 ppm TDS and a temperature of 25 - 30 degrees C. The design permeate recovery is 50%;and energy recovery device which saves $30,556.28/year.

A Water Line Network Failure Application of Network Design Problems

This study investigated a water supply recovery problem involving municipal water service piping. The problem consisted in recovering full service after network failure, in order to rapidly satisfy all urgent citywide demands. The optimal recovery solution was achieved through the application of so-called network design problems （NDPs）, which are a form of combinatorial optimization problem. However, a conventional NDP is not suitable for addressing urgent situations because （1） it does not utilize the non-failure arcs in the network, and （2） it is solely concerned with stable costs such as flow costs. Therefore, to adapt the technique to such urgent situations, the conventional NDP is here modified to deal with the specified water supply problem. In addition, a numerical illustration using the Sendai water network is presented.

空基回收拖曳系统直线-盘旋转接段运动轨迹设计

针对气流扰动下空基回收拖曳系统在直线-盘旋转接段飞行过程中的拖曳浮标稳定问题,提出一种基于微分平坦理论的拖曳系统转接段运动轨迹的设计方法,通过设计母机运动轨迹间接地控制拖曳浮标沿着预设的转接轨迹安全、平稳、精准地转接飞行。采用质点-弹簧离散缆绳模型构建母机-缆绳-浮标组合体多体动力学模型;在证明拖曳系统具备微分平坦特性的基础上,以拖曳浮标三轴位置为平坦输出,所提方法以期浮标沿着预设安全转接段轨迹飞行;结合拖曳浮标直线飞行状态与盘旋飞行状态设计拖曳浮标转接段飞行轨迹。通过平静大气、多种常值风及阵风气流扰动场景下的仿真算例结果表明,所提方法能够实现拖曳浮标在直线-盘旋转接段的稳定飞行。

基于响应面法中BBD法和CCD法的丙烷回收参数优化对比

为优化丙烷回收工艺运行参数,以丙烷回收率和单位综合能耗为响应值,采用响应曲面法中的Box-Behnken设计(BBD)和中心复合设计(central composite design,CCD)试验优化工艺参数,从方差分析、帕累托图分析、响应面分析和优化结果4个方面优选最佳试验方法。结果显示,CCD法建立的二次响应回归模型的显著性优于BBD法,且CCD法响应曲面分析参数交互作用的显著性结果与方差分析一致。CCD法优化得到的最佳工艺如下:脱乙烷塔压力为3250 kPa,低温分离器温度为-55.6℃,液相回流比为98%,丙烷回收率为98.1%,单位综合能耗为114.1 kgce/10^(4)m^(3)(1 kgce=29.3076 MJ)。在最优工艺参数条件下,丙烷回收率增加了4.36%,产品收益达到3.548万元/d,且预测误差均小于0.2%。

国外新一代飞船回收着陆系统设计综述

为开展大规模的商业航天活动并瞄准未来载人深空探测任务,美国加紧研制了以洛克希德·马丁公司的猎户座飞船、波音公司的星际航线飞船和星际探索公司的载人龙飞船为代表的新一代载人飞船,该类飞船均采用由多个降落伞组成的群伞系统进行着陆前减速、配置着陆缓冲气囊或倾斜飞船返回舱姿态实现低冲击着陆和无损回收,以达到飞船返回舱可重复使用并提升航天员着陆舒适度的目的。从工程应用角度出发,调研了国外新一代飞船回收着陆功能的方案设计、技术指标体系、产品参数和技术验证情况,从系统层面对其设计思想进行归纳总结,梳理出国外新一代载人飞船回收着陆功能的研制进展及发展趋势,以期为中国开展相关研制工作提供参考。

TPS与TBS分选粗煤泥对比研究

粗煤泥分选是选煤过程中的重要环节,传统的粗煤泥分选设备对难选粗煤泥难以实现有效分选,因此选煤厂通常采用两段分选来满足产品要求,但两段分选工艺比一段分选工艺复杂。为简化粗煤泥分选工艺流程,以TPS和TBS在回坡底矿选煤厂的工业应用为例,对比了两种设备在自身结构、产品结构和分选效果上的差异。在设备结构上,TPS通过在分选桶内增加一个内桶实现了两段分选,并通过顶水分配装置和内桶溢流导流槽等结构优化保证了两段分选的可靠性。在产品结构上,TBS可分选出精煤和研石两种产品,但无法同时获得合格精煤和高灰分尾煤;TPS不仅可获得精煤、中煤、石三种产品,而且可根据产品质量要求灵活调节出两产品或三产品,在精煤产品灰分合格的前提下TPS尾煤灰分为72.21%,同时可得到产率为36.62%、灰分为35.72%的中煤产品。在分选效果上,TPS的数量效率比TBS高2.82个百分点,可燃体回收率比TBS高24.53个百分点。TPS与TBS分选粗煤泥的对比研究可为TPS与TBS的合理选型提供有益参考。

金属材料可持续发展实施策略--以铝合金为例

金属材料是人类社会发展的战略资源,在国内矿产资源日趋减少及国际资源竞争加剧的背景下,寻求金属材料的可持续发展是保障我国资源安全、满足工业需求的必要措施。铝合金作为第二大金属材料,由于耐蚀性好、回收再生能耗污染小,是最具有回收再生价值的金属材料,但在铝合金可持续发展中存在降级回收这一问题。本文从回收与再生角度进行分析,提出精细化分选与强化提纯除杂的方向,考虑到全生命周期循环,对未来的铝合金设计方向及服役过程加以综述,最后对铝合金未来可持续发展进行了展望,期望以铝合金为代表,为金属材料可持续发展的实施策略提供参考。