采用Q-type非球面的大孔径大像面手机镜头的设计

利用Q-type非球面优越的高阶像差校正能力,设计一款大孔径和大像面的手机镜头。该手机镜头光学系统由9片透镜组成,包含7片偶次非球面和2片Q-type非球面。镜头的F数为1.8,像高为6.82 mm,视场角为70°,有效焦距为4.77 mm,系统总长为6.86 mm。该手机镜头光学系统在奈奎斯特(Nyquist)频率为446 lp·mm^(-1)处,轴上点至0.7视场的调制传递函数(MTF)值均大于0.18;在12 Nyquist频率为223 lp·mm^(-1)处,轴上点至0.7视场的MTF值大于0.42,满足手机镜头成像要求。仿真结果表明,相较于相同设计参数和初始结构的偶次非球面,采用Q-type非球面的手机镜头成像光斑半径小25.52%,具有更佳的成像质量。公差分析结果表明,在给定的公差范围内,透镜设计满足生产要求。

Type Design for Heavy-payload Forging Manipulators

Heavy-payload forging manipulators are mainly characterized by large load output and large capacitive-load input.The relationship between outputs and inputs,which will greatly influence the control and the reliability,is the key issue in type design for heavy-payload forging manipulators.In this paper,a type design method by considering the incidence relationship between output characteristics and actuator inputs is presented and used to design the mechanism for forging manipulators.The concept of modeling method based on the outputs tasks is defined and investigated.The principle of type design from the viewpoints of the relationship between output characteristics and actuator inputs is discussed.An idea of establishing the incidence relationship between output characteristics and actuator inputs is proposed.The incidence relationship matrix between outputs and inputs is also given.The design flow is obtained,and the incidence relationship between outputs and inputs for heavy-payload forging manipulators is divided into three parts after detailed understanding of the functional properties.Four types of mechanisms for heavy-payload forging manipulators are given,and the corresponding spatial mechanical sketches are also drawn,some new designed mechanisms have been adopted by company or used as prototype.These novel forging manipulators which satisfy certain functional requirements provide an effective help for the design of forging manipulators and patent application.

U-Type Designs via New Generalized Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with <i>m</i>= 4, 5 and 7 Associated Classes

The traditional combinatorial designs can be used as basic designs for constructing designs of computer experiments which have been used successfully till now in various domains such as engineering, pharmaceutical industry, etc. In this paper, a new series of generalized partially balanced incomplete blocks PBIB designs with m associated classes (m = 4, 5 and 7) based on new generalized association schemes with number of treatments v arranged in w arrays of n rows and l columns (w ≥ 2, n ≥ 2, l ≥ 2) is defined. Some construction methods of these new PBIB are given and their parameters are specified using the Combinatory Method (s). For n or l even and s divisor of n or l, the obtained PBIB designs are resolvable PBIB designs. So the Fang RBIBD method is applied to obtain a series of particular U-type designs U (wnl;) (r is the repetition number of each treatment in our resolvable PBIB design).

Concept Design and Coupled Dynamic Response Analysis on 6-MW Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

Tower, Spar platform and mooring system are designed in the project based on a given 6-MW wind turbine. Under wind-induced only, wave-induced only and combined wind and wave induced loads, dynamic response is analyzed for a 6-MW Spar-type floating offshore wind turbine （FOWT） under operating conditions and parked conditions respectively. Comparison with a platform-fixed system （land-based system） ofa 6-MW wind turbine is carried out as well. Results demonstrate that the maximal out-of-plane deflection of the blade of a Spar-type system is 3.1% larger than that of a land-based system; the maximum response value of the nacelle acceleration is 215% larger for all the designed load cases being considered; the ultimate tower base fore-aft bending moment of the Spar-type system is 92% larger than that of the land-based system in all of the Design Load Cases （DLCs） being considered; the fluctuations of the mooring tension is mainly wave-induced, and the safety factor of the mooring tension is adequate for the 6-MW FOWT. The results can provide relevant modifications to the initial design for the Spar-type system, the detailed design and model basin test of the 6-MW Spar-type system.

从规律认知到类型建构——城市设计的入门探索

城市空间具有明确的建构规律,它通过建设单元地块划分与类型建筑的组织,展现出“建筑—街坊—街区”的空间逻辑。为帮助首次接受城市设计训练的高年级学生快速认知这一逻辑,本文通过国际现代城市成熟案例的分析,完成空间建构规律总结,将其作为操作工具并完成一个当代城市街区的城市设计。具体操作分两步走:首先通过建筑的组合建构城市街坊;然后通过街坊的组合构成城市街区。不同寻常的是,要求学生在上海城市语境下完成一个抽象基地的设计工作,从而避开复杂现实条件的干扰,专注空间规律,以此揭示这种简单逻辑的深刻性及其跨越文化的属性,从而验证其对城市设计的普适意义。

Design and Implementation of a Three-Phase Active T-Type NPC Inverter for Low-Voltage Microgrids

This paper presents the design and implementation of a 3 kVA three-phase active T-type neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter with GaN power devices for low-voltage microgrids. The designed inverter is used in a battery-based energy system (BESS) for power conversion optimization in applications to low-voltage microgrids. A modular design method has been developed for the design and implementation of the AT-NPC inverter. Experimental verification has been carried out based on a 3-kW three-phase T-Type NPC grid-connected inverter. FPGA based digital control technique has been developed for the current control of the three-level three-phase grid inverter. A maximum efficiency of 98.49% has been achieved within a load range from 50% to 75%.

丘陵山地小型窄幅分段式大豆收获机设计与试验

针对丘陵山地大豆收获小型宜机机具缺乏、损失率和破损率高等问题,设计一种丘陵山地小型窄幅分段式大豆收获机,该装置主要由拨禾轮、往复式割刀、输送链板等部件组成,主要围绕丘陵山地地貌特征、大豆植物生理学特性、收获及作业过程装备的动力学行为,优化拨禾轮的转速、安装高度、割刀往复速度、割刀和输送链板结构等参数。基于响应面单因素试验研究各因素对损失率、破损率影响的显著性大小顺序为:拨禾轮转速>割刀切割速度>拨禾轮高度。通过参数优化分析,确定大豆收获的最优作业参数组合为:拨禾轮转速51 r·min^(-1)、拨禾轮高度78 cm、割刀切割速度1.5 m·s^(-1),预测损失率为1.57%,破损率为1.4%。在最优工况下进行田间试验,结果表明收获机损失率由最高2.21%降为1.60%,破损率由最高2.03%降为1.35%,各指标实测值与模型优化值的相对误差均小于3%,满足国家相关标准要求。

Design of Zr-based AB_2 type hydrogen storage alloys

The influences of the ratio of the radius of atom A（rA） to radius of atom B（rB）, electronegativity and electron number were discussed on the Laves phase formation and the characteristics of Zr-based AB2 type hydrogen storage alloy. An enthalpy model of Zr-based AB2 alloy was obtained from known data and twelve Zr-based alloys were designed to test the model. The results show that the predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental values. The model can be used for predicting enthalpy values of Zr-based hydrogen storage alloys and settles a foundation for experiments.

新文科建设背景下地方师范院校应用型设计学专业课程混合式教学研究

在新文科建设时代背景下,高等教育对人才培养的要求逐渐转向多元化与综合性的方向。地方师范院校作为培养基础教育师资及应用型人才的重要阵地,其内部设计学专业课程在改革创新过程中就显得尤为重要,而混合式教学作为一种融入了线上教学与线下教学优势的新型教学模式,将会为设计学专业课程的深化改革提供新的思路与方向。基于此,本文就新文科建设背景下地方师范院校应用型设计学专业课程混合式教学研究展开相关探讨。

岩土离心模型试验软接触式微型土压计研制及性能评价

微型土压计是岩土离心模型试验的重要测量技术之一。为解决刚性土压计测量中拱效应、尺寸效应、厚径比等经典误差问题及提升频响速率和精度,尝试开发了一种全新软接触式微型土压计ESP-II,介绍了其技术创新和设计方法。以两种国际代表性土压计为参考,设计开展一系列离心模型试验,对其感应精度、速率和适用性进行评价。主要结论:①逐级加载离心加速度5g~50g试验下,各深度ESP-II和两种参考传感器测试结果与理论值的平均误差分别为5.16%,6.70%,4.85%,三者沿深度拟合K_(0)优度系数R^(2)均≥0.9893。②脉冲荷载试验中ESP-II最大响应时间约7.8 ms,略优于两种参考传感器,具有良好的频响速率。③不同幅值正弦、地震等动荷载试验下,3种传感器测得土压力均呈一致增量趋势,K_(0)约由0.43~0.45增至0.51~0.56,与既有规律认识吻合。④离心机下降卸荷过程中,ESP-II测得时程表现良好连续性和光滑性,反映软接触式设计有利于保障土体与传感器良好接触和稳定响应。研究成果,初步证明了软接触式土压计适应于静、动力离心试验需求,具有重要价值与应用前景。

Feasibility neutronic design for the reactor core configurations of a 5 MWth transportable block-type HTR

Small long-life transportable high temperature gas-cooled reactors(HTRs) are interesting because they can safely provide electricity or heat in remote areas or to industrial users in developed or developing countries.This paper presents the neutronic design of the U-Battery,which is a 5 MWth block-type HTR with a fuel lifetime of 5–10 years.Assuming a reactor pressure vessel diameter of less than 3.7 m,some possible reactor core configurations of the 5 MWth U-Battery have been investigated using the TRITON module in SCALE 6.The neutronic analysis shows that Layout 12×2B,a scattering core containing 2 layers of 12 fuel blocks each with 20% enriched235U,reaches a fuel lifetime of 10 effective full power years(EFPYs).When the diameter of the reactor pressure vessel is reduced to 1.8 m,a fuel lifetime of 4 EFPYs will be achieved for the 5 MWth U-Battery with a 25-cm thick graphite side reflector.Layouts 6×3 and 6×4 with a 25-cm thick BeO side reflector achieve a fuel lifetime of 7 and 10 EFPYs,respectively.The comparison of the different core configurations shows that,keeping the number of fuel blocks in the reactor core constant,the annular and scattering core configurations have longer fuel lifetimes and lower fuel cost than the cylindrical ones.Moreover,for the 5 MWth U-Battery,reducing the fuel inventory in the reactor core by decreasing the diameter of fuel kernels and packing fraction of TRISO particles is more effective to lower the fuel cost than decreasing the 235U enrichment.

单元视域下初中化学作业设计

以人教版初中化学教材中“我们周围的空气”单元作业为例,从理论层面分析阐述在单元整体教学引导下初中化学作业设计的基本原则与要求,结合具体实例解构作业的基本类型及单元作业的规划和设计,为教师进行作业设计研究和实践提供借鉴及参考。

蓬莱画河景观桥群方案设计

党的二十大报告提出加强城市基础设施建设,打造宜居、韧性、智慧城市。2022年烟台市政府提出蓬莱画河文化旅游综合改造项目,涉及市政工程、河道水系建设等。项目建设可大力推进生态文明建设,同时也能提升蓬莱区旅游环境,树立旅游形象,提高人民生活品质。画河既有桥梁造型呆板、缺少美感,为做到“画中有桥、桥亦为画”和“一区一景”,桥群作为河道景观的重要节点,在自身功能外还承担了重要的景观和文化功能,结合项目实际提出适合的设计原则、设计思路,然后方案比选论证桥群造型、总体设计和结构设计等,为类似工程提供借鉴。

欧洲标准体系下的城市轨道交通桥梁结构设计分析——在埃及斋月十日城铁路项目中的应用研究

埃及斋月十日城铁路项目作为埃及“首条欧美体系下27.5 kV电气化铁路项目”,是近年来中资企业按照欧美标准及欧美管理体系执行的重点海外轨道交通项目之一,其执行标准、设计流程及技术方案有别于国内一般城市轨道交通项目。本文以桥梁结构设计为背景,首先分析欧洲标准体系下桥梁设计阶段划分、设计的重难点以及相应解决措施,其次梳理桥梁各结构采用的规范和设计原则,最后详细分析本项目桥梁结构的设计内容,包括梁型的确定、简支梁结构体系、预应力箱梁、桥面系、结构计算软件及桥梁美观等,旨在为今后采用欧标的海外桥梁设计提供一定的借鉴及参考。

基于可靠性的液化气体运输船新颖C型货物围护系统设计衡准

从结构可靠性分析方法入手,分析液化气体运输船新颖C型货物围护系统的载荷、抗力和模型的随机性。建立新颖C型货物围护系统的极限状态方程,参照国际船级社协会新编的《C型独立液货舱的屈服、屈曲和疲劳评估的有限元分析流程建议》(Recommendation No.174)的相关要求开展新颖构造货物围护系统有限元计算和可靠度分析方法研究,对新颖C型货物围护系统(双体罐和三体罐)进行应力分析和可靠性计算。采用可靠性的第一水准法构建新颖C型货物围护系统的设计衡准,并确定各分项系数,研究结果为制定符合可靠性标准的新颖C型货物围护系统规范和基于可靠性方法的结构强度准则提供参考。

Logical Framework,Path Selection and Mechanism Design for Cultivation of New Type Professional Farmers

New type professional farmers are farmers who possess certain resources and capitals,have certain extent of spirit of entrepreneurship,and are fully capable of obtaining and allocating resources related to agricultural production and management,and engaged in agricultural production and management for obtaining average profit.Cultivation of new type professional farmers should be promoted in the process and at the background of"coordinated development of industrialization,informationization,urbanization and agricultural modernization".It should establish a proper cultivation subject system consisting of government,enterprises,rural communities and nonprofit organizations.Relying on multiple motive forces,efforts should be concentrated on cultivating those farmers with enterprising,highly innovative and learning ability,to guide traditional farmers to change into learning,enterprising and innovative ones.In addition,cultivation of new type professional farmers must rely on farmer education and training,modern agricultural development,increase in agricultural comparative advantage,innovation of rural management system and mechanism,multiple types of agricultural operation on a fairly large scale,as well as construction and regulation of new rural communities.Finally,it is recommended to provide system guarantee from long-term input mechanism of new type professional farmer education and training,incentive and restrictive mechanism of new type professional farmer cultivation,and construction of favorable environment for agricultural entrepreneurship.

航空发动机燃油控制装置可靠性研究综述

航空发动机燃油控制装置是航空发动机的核心控制单元,长期服役在高温、高压、强振的恶劣环境,在航空发动机外场使用中故障率占比高,产品的寿命及可靠性是当前制约我国装备能力提升的短板。本文总结了当前燃油控制装置的典型故障类型,对比分析了国内外在燃油控制装置可靠性设计与分析技术、可靠性优化技术、寿命试验技术及可靠性评估技术方面的研究进展;剖析了我国燃油控制装置可靠性技术研究及应用方面的不足及原因,同时结合航空发动机正向研发体系建设需要,指出了航空发动机自主创新设计中燃油控制装置性能及可靠性一体化设计所面临的技术难点和挑战,并立足于现有国内设计水平及工业基础,给出了夯实我国航空燃油控制装置设计能力需开展的基础性研究建议。

职业教育新形态教材内容的设计与组织研究

针对职业教育新形态教材研究与开发中存在的不足,提出了职业教育新形态教材内容的设计与组织逻辑的内在要求,通过对理论知识与操作技能概念、情境性学习理论、图式理论、技能学习相关理论、职业道德及职业精神培育相关理论的分析探讨,形成了指导新形态教材内容的设计与组织的创新性依据。据此,设计了新形态教材内容的设计与组织模型,并从纸质教材的理论知识设计与组织、技能知识设计与组织、思政育人设计与组织、教材开发系统和数字资源系统等方面进行了可行性论证。

特高压直流输电系统可控自恢复消能装置用慢速机械开关研制

慢速机械开关是特高压直流输电系统可控自恢复消能装置中重要的开关设备,在装置中起到控制和保护用,其必须具备短时间快速合闸、可靠开断避雷器残余直流持续电流的能力。介绍了慢速机械开关的方案设计、核心部件设计和校核以及型式试验,最终研制成功了慢速机械开关。