Application of BIM in Architectural Design,Project Construction,and Project Management

The construction quality and efficiency of construction engineering are directly related to people's daily life.Therefore,construction enterprises must keep pace with the times and actively introduce advanced technical means into architectural design,project construction,and management,so as to ensure the quality and safety of construction to the maximum extent.The application of BIM not only improves the efficiency of construction and construction quality,but also realizes the control of construction cost.This study explores and analyzes the advantages of BIM as well as proposes application strategies of BIM in architectural design,project construction,and management,hoping to contribute to the smooth construction of construction engineering.

Dynamic Design and Construction of Highway Cut Slopes in Huangshan Area, China

Deformation and failure of high slope impact the construction and operation safety of highway in the mountainous areas. The deformation and failure are mainly caused by poor design which normally has not well combined with the geological conditions and unplanned construction. Therefore, effective design and construction management should be conducted for ensuring a successful construction without damage and risk. In light of the reality of high slope construction along highway in the Huangshan area, this paper proposes a technical procedure for dynamic design and construction management of high slopes along highway in the mountainous area. The proposed construction management scheme is divided into three phases, i.e., 1) design phase, 2) preparation phase of excavation, and 3) construction phase. During the design phase, experiences and lessons learnt from the design and construction of other high slopes along highway in the same region are summarized. The number of slopes and slope height should be optimized from the aspects of route selection and route form. During the preparation phase of excavation, "Excavation Permit Management System" should be adopted, and construction scheme should be made by the construction unit, then the scientific research and design unit determine whether it guarantees slope stability and makes optimization measures. During the construction phase, the scientific research unit would make proposal of optimization design, and apply the achievements of scientific research into practice through common efforts of various units based on the understanding of excavation and investigation. The management system mentioned above is adopted to conduct dynamic design and construction management for more than 90 slopes along the Huangshan - Taling - Taolin Expressway, and successful results of application have been achieved.

Risk Assessment at the Design Phase of Construction Projects in Ghana

The study was carried out exclusively in Ghana to explore the approaches employed by consultants in risk assessment at the design phase of projects in Ghana. One hundred and fourteen (114) consultants were selected out of a population of one hundred and eighty six (186) from three main professional associations in Ghana made up of the Ghana Institute of Architects, Ghana Institution of Engineers and the Ghana Institution of Surveyors (Quantity Surveying Division) practicing in Ghana for the study. Both primary and secondary data were collected. A descriptive survey was also used to observe and describe the presence, frequency or absence of characteristics of a phenomenon as it naturally occurred, in order to gain additional information. A questionnaire was also designed to collect data from the architects, engineers and quantity surveyors. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Scientists (SPSS) 17.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics, such as frequency tables, percentages and cross tabulations were used in the data analysis and summaries. Simple tests of associations were undertaken by using Chi square and Cramer’s V statistics to compare relationships between variables. Again, relative importance index was also used to analyze some of the data by computing to deduce their rankings. The relative importance index was used to analyze some of the data by computing to deduce their rankings. The research revealed that majority of consultants had an average knowledge of risk management. Based on the findings it was recommended that consultants undergo advanced training in risk assessment. It was therefore suggested that consultancy firms should develop a set of laid down procedures for consultants to use in risk assessment in order that the use of intuition employed by majority is lessened. The challenges observed in risk assessment and the remedial steps suggested curtailing the detrimental effects of risks would be of wide importance to many developing economies.

Design influence for the success of construction projects

In this thesis, the design in construction management is defined as the design meets the requirements of the constructor. There are a range of definitions of design, but in this paper ＂design＂ refers to something, which has been planned and made and a pattern for decorating in something in the term of construction. Rumane says （2010）the design involves two processes. The first thing is analyzing and designing components and structure on the basis of recognized codes and standards of safety. The other is that designers conduct the information in the form

从Design到Engineering的道路景观设计与多维服务——以南京市龙蟠中路道路综合整治绿化工程为例

以道路绿化EPC工程总承包项目为例,从设计和工程设计的角度,分析设计、采购、施工等环节对优化设计流程、控制工程造价、提高社会效益等方面的作用,以期为设计院的管理和设计工作提升参考。

A Comparative Analysis of Visualization Methods in Architecture:Employing Virtual Reality to Support the Decision-Making Process in the Architecture,Engineering,and Construction Industry

The design process of the built environment relies on the collaborative effort of all parties involved in the project.During the design phase,owners,end users,and their representatives are expected to make the most critical design and budgetary decisions-shaping the essential traits of the project,hence emerge the need and necessity to create and integrate mechanisms to support the decision-making process.Design decisions should not be based on assumptions,past experiences,or imagination.An example of the numerous problems that are a result of uninformed design decisions is“change orders”,known as the deviation from the original scope of work,which leads to an increase of the overall cost,and changes to the construction schedule of the project.The long-term aim of this inquiry is to understand the user’s behavior,and establish evidence-based control measures,which are actions and processes that can be implemented in practice to decrease the volume and frequency of the occurrence of change orders.The current study developed a foundation for further examination by proposing potential control measures,and testing their efficiency,such as integrating Virtual Reality(VR).The specific aim was to examine the effect of different visualization methods(i.e.,VR vs.construction drawings)on,(1)how well the subjects understand the information presented about the future/planned environment;(2)the subjects’perceived confidence in what the future environment will look like;(3)the likelihood of changing the built environment;(4)design review time;and(5)accuracy in reviewing and understanding the design.

Causes,Effects,and Control Measures of Construction Change Orders in the U.S.

Change orders have a significant impact on many aspects of construction projects.They are known to be the primary cause of litigation in the construction industry.Change orders are almost inevitable due to the uniqueness of each project from many perspectives,such as the type of building,complexity of the design,human factors,and the available resources.Change orders are the formal mechanism to implement design changes during the execution phase.These changes are usually the outcome of lack of visualization by the owner,misunderstanding,miscommunication between different parties involved in the project,shortage in resources,and other factors.This research aims to investigate and rank causes,effects,and control measures of change orders in the construction industry in the U.S.This research presents the results of a questionnaire surveying owners,contractors,and consultants.A total of 123 industry professionals in the Architecture,Engineering,and Construction(AEC)field,with either significant or final decision-making authority on reviewing,issuing,and approving change orders responded to the survey.Results indicated that owners are the primary source followed by consultants and contractors,respectively.Some of the more important control measures identified in this research are collaboration and visualization technologies.

基于区块链技术的医疗设备采购管理系统的设计与实现

目的针对传统采购资料易丢失和被篡改,无法保证采购数据安全性的问题,设计一套基于区块链技术的医疗设备采购管理系统。方法系统采用Python编程语言设计,使用Django框架、SQLite数据库,基于区块链技术构建区块链服务器、采购人客户端、采购机构客户端、供应商客户端、监管机构客户端,将整个采购过程中的数据全部进行区块化处理,使得所有数据保存完整,不能被随意窜改,最终实现具有防篡改特性并支持溯源的医疗设备采购管理系统。结果该系统各模块以及防篡改机制均通过测试验证;各模块的平均响应时间均<2 s,响应速度快;模拟网络及身份验证安全测试的结果显示,其安全性能均满足要求。结论将区块链技术应用于医疗设备采购管理系统是可行的方案,其保证了整个采购流程中产生的数据完整可靠并防止被篡改,使得采购信息能够在系统中完整留痕,从而对医疗设备的采购进行全方位管理。

基于SOA架构的电炉企业财务与采购全链条数据管理平台设计

目前电炉企业财务和采购全链条业务数据管理平台没有对数据库进行实时更新处理,存在财务和采购业务数据管理整体耗时长、读取操作次数多和元数据迁移范围大的问题。提出基于SOA架构的财务与采购全链条业务数据管理平台设计,在SOA架构的基础上设计整体框架,并将平台划分财务与采购数据管理模块、采购数据基本信息管理模块、库存管理模块、采购信息查询模块以及用户登录系统模块五大模块。其次为加强数据管理效率,设计出数据处理软件系统,即可实现财务与采购全链条业务数据管理。实验表明,所提方法整体耗时短、读取操作次数少和元数据迁移范围小。

基于“专创融合”的《采购与仓储管理》课程建设改革研究

在科技自立自强背景下,课程“专创融合”、打造人才培养新高地成为高校创新创业教育工作的焦点。但目前存在课程教学形式单一、课程体系不完备等问题。基于河北农业大学物流管理专业《采购与仓储管理》课程情况,深入挖掘课程中的“专创融合”点,通过优化教学内容、丰富教学方法、建设第二课堂、优化考核方式等构建“专创融合”新教学模式,在专业教育过程中培养学生的创新创业思维和能力。

BIM技术在绵泸高速铁路泸州站设计建设中的应用

大中型铁路客运站是高速铁路设计和施工中的复杂节点,其建设直接影响整条线路的施工质量和进度。本文以绵泸高速铁路泸州站为例,将BIM技术运用到车站的工程设计、施工和项目管理中。结果表明:利用BIM技术完成站场内路基、桥涵、轨道、接触网、综合管线及站房结构的系统建模,可发现结构间存在的干扰问题,及时对相关结构进行综合调整,优化站场设计,避免因站内各构筑物交叉干扰引起的设计和施工质量问题,达到在施工过程中规避风险、提升质量、缩短工期的目的。

“双一流”高校政府采购的购前、购中、购后的过程监管探索

为推进“双一流”高校建设,各高校正在开展新一轮创新发展的建设实践。高校政府采购工作是高校开展“双一流”建设实践、保证经费支出合理合规的必经途径。近几年,针对高校政府采购领域接连出台政策,高校政府采购工作“放管服”改革成为各高校面临的重要课题。通过分析“双一流”建设背景下高校政府采购的特点及存在的问题,从高校政府采购的购前、购中、购后三个阶段分别提出思考与对策,可为高校政府采购工作提供有益借鉴。

提升代建制模式下工程设计管理效能的方法探讨

代建制模式下的工程项目具有参建单位多、各方工作界面划分模糊、沟通协调程序复杂等特点,针对代建制工程的特点优化工程设计管理程序,对于保障项目设计质量、提高项目整体效益等方面具有重大意义。论文系统介绍了代建制模式下的工程设计管理程序,分析了这一程序的重要意义,并深入探讨了影响工程设计管理效能的主要制约因素。针对现有的挑战,论文提出了一系列优化措施,包括引导业主决策、建立有效沟通机制、优化设计资源以及强化管理团队建设,旨在提高工程设计管理的整体效能。

基于云计算的高校学生信息分类管理系统设计

现今高校学生信息体量较大,难以进行准确的信息分类管理,因此提出基于云计算的高校学生信息分类管理系统设计研究。设计系统体系结构,改进云计算技术中的决策树算法构造;以支持度与置信度最小化为目标,裁剪不准确、不频繁的决策规则;将学生信息输入至改进后的决策树中,获得学生信息分类结果,制定学生信息管理相关功能,实现高校学生信息的分类管理。测试数据显示:应用设计系统获得的学生信息分类错误率最小值为0.9%,学生信息管理规模最大值为148 GB,充分证实设计系统能够准确进行学生信息分类管理。

BIM轻量化技术在水利工程中的应用

为提高BIM轻量化技术在水利工程中应用的可行性和全面性,分析总结当下主流的BIM轻量化技术,以密云水库改造消隐工程为例,提出水利工程BIM轻量化技术应用路线,改善不同建设阶段BIM轻量化技术的应用效果。在设计阶段综合运用模型减面优化法、渲染优化法以及BIM轻量化协同设计平台,能大幅度提高三维模型设计效率;采用BIM轻量化引擎将BIM设计模型传递至施工阶段,建立BIM轻量化施工管理平台,能有效提高施工管理质量,保障工程按时按质完成。针对当下BIM轻量化技术现状,提出未来发展的建议:BIM轻量化技术应集成多种水利工程行业特色数据,完善BIM规范及标准,使BIM轻量化应用体系更加规范化、科学化。

设计牵头的EPC项目沟通协调机制研究

现阶段,我国EPC工程总承包在重大水利工程建设领域遇到了发展瓶颈。为促进其高质量发展,本文通过设计牵头视角,分析EPC工程总承包的内在优势和不足。针对现阶段沟通协调中暴露的问题,提出一种基于合作的柔性沟通协调机制,并阐述其基本原则、沟通技巧及实现步骤,试图为完善EPC工程总承包管理理论提供行业智慧。

核电全厂通信系统设备采购管理浅析

核电站全厂通信系统具有种类繁多、数量多、覆盖全厂等特点。目前,通信设备采购在设计、采购、安装单位管理3个方面均存在较多问题,此类问题制约工程进展。针对上述问题,论文从设计、采购、安装管理3个方面提出了工作对策,旨在提高采购工作效率,保证设备按时到货,保障现场安装进度。

大型施工企业集中采购模式研究

集中采购正在被越来越多的大型施工企业应用。本文在分析施工企业推行集中采购目的、意义的基础上,就大型施工企业集中采购的特点与模式,施工企业集中采购管理中存在的问题,以及大型施工企业集中采购应用策略等进行分析和阐释,以期为相关同业企业开展集中采购提供参考。

区域公立医院采购管理信息化建设研究

目前,我国公立医院采购管理信息化建设普遍薄弱,一定区域内统筹建设公立医院采购管理信息系统更是空白。对此,亟需加强区域公立医院采购管理信息化建设,通过在信息系统中嵌入区域统一的采购制度和流程,实现对区域内公立医院采购预算、需求、审批、实施、档案等所有环节的信息化控制,并支持内外部数据交互,实现数据互联互通、业务协同共享。

某石化装置加热炉模块化建造费用分析

加热炉是石油化工装置的重要生产设备之一,技术含量高,内部结构复杂。随着装置规模大型化,加热炉建造由传统散装向模块化方向发展。以某炼油装置加热炉为例进行分析,首先将散装加热炉进行模块划分,然后从设计、采购和施工3个方面,对比分析模块化和传统散装两种建造方式的费用差异,发现模块化比传统散装建造方式节约费用780万元,节约幅度10.18%。而且模块化建造能缩短工期、减少高空作业、提高施工质量、保障加热炉本质安全。在运输吊装等外部条件允许的情况下,加热炉采用模块化建造方式具有较大推广优势。