A Study on the Evolution of Labor Self-Organizations and the Design of Governmental Mechanism from A Complex Network Perspective

Self-organization theory informs an analysis on the evolution of labor self-organizations (LSOs), but lacks technical analysis on the evolution of their organizational structures. Fortunately, complex network technology offers a new approach to analyzing these structures. Built on an extension of the Barabási-Albert (BA) model, we can simulate the evolution of LSOs by analyzing indicators including the clustering coefficient, degree distribution (DD) and average path length (APL) of workers, thereby demonstrating the evolving patterns of LSOs. Accordingly, governmental mechanism designs based on such patterns may not only stimulate energy growth and functional realization of LSOs, but also reduce the social percussions of abrupt evolutions. A comparative analysis of the evolutionary trajectories of LSOs in China and the U.S. finds that the U.S. government’s mechanism designs for protecting capitalism not only prevented the effective gathering of workers, but also prolonged the history of industrial conflicts. Such mechanism designs also led to the early dispersion and decline of LSOs and hindered the evolution of the working class. In contrast, the Chinese government established a socialist system that allowed workers to become the underlying force of socialist productivity. This design reduced labor strife while accelerating the evolution of workers towards higher stages.

Non-governmental organizations'influence on tackling black carbon in the shipping industry

This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations （NGOs） in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Organization. It discusses the roles of the specific NGOs in dealing with black carbon in the Arctic region from the perspective of global governance to gain insights to guide our involvements in the Arctic affairs and shipping in the region by taking the advantages of NGOs＇ influence on the proceedings of international negotiations, our national policy development, the improvement of industrial practices and public perceptions.

Step‑by‑Step Modulation of Crystalline Features and Exciton Kinetics for 19.2%Efficiency Ortho‑Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells

With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices.However,previous studies are heavily based in chloroform(CF)leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component.Herein,we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy,named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap,brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9,processed by CF and ortho-xylene(o-XY).With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments,the best PCE of 19.24%for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif,which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior.Likewise,over 19%PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition.This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance,hence,will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.

Molecular Structure Tailoring of Organic Spacers for High‑Performance Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells

Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)perovskites(RPPs)with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell(PSC)technology.However,two-dimensional(2D)or quasi-2D RP PSCs are encountered with some challenges of the large exciton binding energy,blocked charge transport and poor film quality,which restrict their photovoltaic performance.Fortunately,these issues can be readily resolved by rationally designing spacer cations of RPPs.This review mainly focuses on how to design the molecular structures of organic spacers and aims to endow RPPs with outstanding photovoltaic applications.We firstly elucidated the important roles of organic spacers in impacting crystallization kinetics,charge transporting ability and stability of RPPs.Then we brought three aspects to attention for designing organic spacers.Finally,we presented the specific molecular structure design strategies for organic spacers of RPPs aiming to improve photovoltaic performance of RP PSCs.These proposed strategies in this review will provide new avenues to develop novel organic spacers for RPPs and advance the development of RPP photovoltaic technology for future applications.

Design Strategies and Practice Paths for Improving Urban Quality in the Stock Era

In the middle and later stages of urbanization development,the growth of the real estate industry will stagnate,and urban renewal will become the mainstream.With the advancement of urban renewal,there are still problems in improving the quality of cities in the stock era and their design strategies.This paper analyzed the Linping Old City organic renewal project and the Xishui River ecological governance project in the stock era of urban quality improvement by sorting out the current development status,historical background,planning types,and design strategies of quality improvement in the stock era from the perspective of urban renewal,combining with project overview,main problems,design methods,and design content.Urban renewal is the leading direction for promoting urban development and construction on a global scale,and countries formulate different plans and practices based on their local characteristics.Urban renewal strategies should be diversified,and focus on livable environments,urban characteristics,etc.,while considering human factors,green innovation,etc.,in order to achieve smart community management and enhance the economic and social benefits brought by urban attractiveness.For successful cases such as the Linping Old City and Xishui River ecological governance project,corresponding urban quality improvement strategies and implementation plans should be formulated according to local conditions,with emphasis on social participation and people’s livelihood improvement.This study can help urban planning pay more attention to rational utilization and upgrading of existing urban resources,adapt to the current urban development situation,and promote sustainable urban development.

Industrial Organization in the Digital Economy Era:Evolution and Effects

Advances in digital technology and vast data applications have resulted in the emergence of the digital economy paradigm,which is a new techno-economic paradigm for the digital economy age.Under this paradigm,the industrial organization has shifted toward networked,platform-based,boundaryless,and integrated development with new characteristics.Specifically,there has been a fierce“positional arms race”fueled by financial capital,accelerating the growth of platform companies.The“hierarchical monopolistic competition”market structure has taken shape,resulting in a“coexistence without disruption”monopolistic competition.As platform businesses expand into new business sectors,competition among industrial ecosystems intensifies.Data and algorithms have become secret weapons for corporate success,allowing platform companies to expand their monopolistic forces.Industrial organization in the digital era has revolutionized the operating rules and logic of industrial economy,giving rise to new industries,business models,and paradigms,as well as being conducive to international cooperation and intelligent regulation.Meanwhile,it has introduced new challenges to socioeconomic development,making platform companies’anti-competitive and monopolistic behaviors more implicit,privacy and security concerns more conspicuous,and antitrust identification and investigation more difficult.The government should embrace the evolving trends of industrial organization in the digital economy era,accelerate regulatory transition,and strengthen governance and regulation under the digital economy paradigm.

Analysis on the Role of Art Design in the Construction of Spiritual Civilization——The Design of Incorrupt Government Poster Is Taken for Example

Poster design is a typical expressive form of visual art, while the construction of incorrupt government is the foundation of socialist spiritual civilization. The poster design themed with incorrupt government can promote the ideology of being honest in performing one＇ s official duties to be sublimaled when people are acquiring the visual aesthetic pleasure, so that it is firmly kept in the minds and the role of indirectly suppressing the corruption is played. In this paper, an in-depth analysis is made from the functions, value, and role of incorrupt government poster design by considering the harms of corruption and the needs on the of incorrupt government construction in the new period of socialism, and also the roles of poster design as the art carrier of corruption prevention and control in the construction of incorrupt government are emphasized, and then the positive role of art design in the construction of the socialist spiritual civilization is introduced accordingly through the special form of visual communication.

Analysis of New Model of "Rule by Three Committees" and Discussion on Construction of Villagers' Self-governing Organizations in China

This paper introduces the operation model of "rule by three committees", including the members of "three committees", functional constitution of "three committees", and relationship between restriction and coordination of "three committees". By referring to the villagers' self-governing system in China, and the relevant provisions in Constitution and Village Committee Organization Law, we take into account the legitimacy of "rule by three committees". In terms of the details of system design, we perfect the new model of "rule by three committees" as follows: make the conditions of holding office stringent and ensure the quality requirements of members of "three committees"; standardize the procedures of election, and guarantee the equitable election of members of "three committees"; perfect dismissal procedure, and strengthen the supervision on members of "three committees".

The Contribution, Experience and Risk Control of Social Organizations’ Participation in Global Human Rights Governance

As the"third sector",social organizations are increasingly involved in human rights affairs in the era of governance through cooperation.They play an important role in the construction of a human rights community with the core of"common human values",and together with the government and other relevant subjects,they become the guarantors of human rights.By sorting out the main contributions of social organizations and successful experiences participating in human rights governance,it can be seen that they timely support relevant policies and laws and the participation through certain modes are successful experiences of social organizations in participating in human rights governance.Under the guarantee of the mechanism of effectiveness and risk control along the whole chain before,during and after the process,these contributions and experience will provide better Chinese experience and Chinese programs to promote global human rights governance and the progress of human rights cause in the world.

The Governance Structure and Performance of Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organizations in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

On the basis of questionnaire survey results of 100 agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this article uses the structural equation modeling as analysis tool to conduct empirical analysis of the governance structure and performance of agricultural cooperative economic organizations. The results show that the ownership structure has the most critical impact on the performance of cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is as high as 0.92; the importance of oversight mechanism is basically equivalent to that of the council structure for cooperative organizations,and the impact coefficient is 0.87 and 0.86,respectively,second only to the ownership structure; the size of members' quit capacity also has a very important impact on the performance of organizations,with impact coefficient of 0.74. Thus,the problems influencing the performance of organizations,in the current governance structure of agricultural cooperative economic organizations in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,are pointed out. Finally,corresponding countermeasures are put forward.

Governance of decentralized autonomous organizations that produce open source software

Decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs)have found use in the governance of open source software(OSS)projects.However,the governance of an OSS producing DAO should match the particularities of OSS production while also overcoming the existing challenges of decentralized governance.The existing decentralized governance frameworks do not include all the governance activities of OSS projects.Therefore,this study presents a governance framework for DAOs that produce OSS.The framework is built upon a total of 34 articles on DAO and OSS governance.The framework was evaluated in three leading DAOs that produce OSS.The evaluation underscores the significance of the framework and proves the potential of the systematic categorization of governance mechanisms.Finally,we list emerging governance practices in various governance domains in this developing field.

Design of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)-based photocatalyst for solar fuel production and photo-degradation of pollutants

Metal organic frameworks(MOFs)is a research hotspot in the solar fuel production and photo-degradation of pollutants field due to high surface area,rich metal/organic species,large pore volume,and adjustability of structures and compositions.Therefore,in this review,we first summarized the design factors of photocatalytic materials based on MOF from the perspective of"star"MOF.The modification strategies of MOFs-based photocatalysts were discussed to improve its photocatalytic activity and specific applications were summarized as well,including photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction,photocatalytic water splitting and photo-degradation of pollutants.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of MOFs-based photocatalysts were discussed,the current challenges were highlighted,and suggestions for future research directions were proposed.

Artificial Neural Network and Full Factorial Design Assisted AT-MRAM on Fe Oxides, Organic Materials, and Fe/Mn Oxides in Surficial Sediments

Artificial neural network（ANN） and full factorial design assisted atrazine（AT） multiple regression adsorption model（AT-MRAM） were developed to analyze the adsorption capability of the main components in the surficial sediments（SSs）. Artificial neural network was used to build a model（the determination coefficient square r2 is 0.9977） to describe the process of atrazine adsorption onto SSs, and then to predict responses of the full factorial design. Based on the results of the full factorial design, the interactions of the main components in SSs on AT adsorption were investigated through the analysis of variance（ANOVA）, F-test and t-test. The adsorption capability of the main components in SSs for AT was calculated via a multiple regression adsorption model（MRAM）. The results show that the greatest contribution to the adsorption of AT on a molar basis was attributed to Fe/Mn（–1.993 μmol/mol）. Organic materials（OMs） and Fe oxides in SSs are the important adsorption sites for AT, and the adsorption capabilities are 1.944 and 0.418 μmol/mol, respectively. The interaction among the non-residual components（Fe, Mn oxides and OMs） in SSs interferes in the adsorption of AT that shouldn’t be neglected, revealing the significant contribution of the interaction among non-residual components to controlling the behavior of AT in aquatic environments.

SELF-ORGANIZED SEMANTIC FEATURE EVOLUTION FOR AXIOMATIC DESIGN

Aiming at the problem existing in the computer aided design process that how to express the design intents with high-level engineering terminologies, a mechanical product self-organized semantic feature evolution technology for axiomatic design is proposed, so that the constraint relations between mechanical parts could be expressed in a semantic form which is more suitable for designers. By describing the evolution rules for semantic constraint information, the abstract expression of design semantics in mechanical product evolution process is realized and the constraint relations between parts are mapped to the geometric level from the semantic level; With semantic feature relation graph, the abstract semantic description, the semantic relative structure and the semantic constraint information are linked together; And the methods of semantic feature self-organized evolution are classified. Finally, combining a design example of domestic high-speed elevator, how to apply the theory to practical product development is illustrated and this method and its validity is described and verified. According to the study results, the designers are able to represent the design intents at an advanced semantic level in a more intuitional and natural way and the automation, recursion and visualization for mechanical product axiomatic design are also realized.

Meta-model Based Model Organization and Transformation of Design Pattern Units in MDA

To achieve the purpose of applying design patterns which are various in ldnd and constant in changing in MDA from idea and application, one way is used to solve the problem of pattern disappearance which occurs at the process of pattern instantiation, to guarantee the independence of patterns, and at the same time, to apply this process to multiple design pattems. To solve these two problons, the modeling method of design pattern traits based on meta-models is adopted, i.e., to divide the basic operations into atoms in the metamodel tier and then combine the atoms to complete design pattem units meta-models withtout business logic. After one process of conversion, the purpose of making up various pattem traits meta-model and dividing business logic and pattern logic is achieved.

Alternative policy implementation: Theoretical explanation and case analysis of local government's action logic

Since the reform and opening up, the local government has played a key role in promoting the economic and social development of our country, and the effective implementation of the local government has become an important research topic. Therefore, based on the literature, the observation method of in-depth interviews, practice investigation and participation is adopted in this paper, which focuses on the implementation of special groups of social assistance policy. The theoretical framework of government' rational choice reveals the status of local government implementation policies and behavior behind the mechanism and organizational structure. The study found that:(1) the local government is easy to choose a quantifiable policy to implement;(2) there is a coexistence between the local government departments;(3) the local government selectively meets the needs of special personnel;(4) the local government's seeking political promotion and power leads to its behavior alienation.

Trust and Structural Response to Natural Disaster： Some Implications to Government Reform

The Philippine government is a representative democracy. It has three co-equal branches of government namely the executive, legislative, and judicial, operating on the principle of check and balance. Issues that had riddled top officials of government remained unresolved hitherto; and, the local government units had their own lingering issues. The government structure therefore did not seem to have the mechanism to correct itself. This paper argues that responses to, as well as the ensuing conditions of the survivors of natural disasters, are affected by how much trust the incumbents of relevant government structures have of each other and that actors outside of the government hierarchy can offer avenues for reform. Tropical Storm Washi that hit Cagayan de Oro City could be a case in point. It left thousands of people dead or missing, millions of dollars in damages, and thousands of internally displaced persons （IDPs）. The local government, tasked by the local government code to handle matters related to social welfare, did not seem to have performed as expected. In an apparent lack of trust, donor agencies preferred to course cash and relief items through conduits others than the local government. While the system remained unable to correct itself, the victims of the disaster continued to suffer. Civil society organizations and non-government organizations were trying to re-establish people’s trust in the system through legal measures, and hope that electoral reforms could be instituted.

On Internet and Government Service from the Perspective of Good Governance Theory

The 13th Five-Year Plan and the government work report have repeatedly referred to the ＂Intemet＋ government services＂ to achieve data sharing, public interaction, government and enterprise win-win, political and social, and this is precisely the concept of good governance Together However, the Intemet＋ government services is not the 2.0 version of e-government, but the new interactive experience, is no longer the original government unilateral government information disclosure and online services, but the government, society, business tripartite link Require the Government to do the top design at the same time, but also to change the concept, put down the shelves to the enterprise to leam, with the cooperation, while the policy, service and implementation of the real arrival of the community and citizens.

Risk Analysis and its Preventive Mechanism in Government Purchasing Elderly Home -Based Service from NGOs： A Theoretical Framework

Outsourcing elderly home-based service reduces risk, improves service quality and efficiency while there are risks mainly for demand-side risk and supply-side risk. In order to prevent these risks, risk-management framework should be constructed with risk preparedness, risk identification, risk analysis, risk assessment and risk disposal as a whole process. Finally, this paper puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the legal regulation, improve the supervision mechanism, strengthen the purchasing performance evaluation and improve the capability ofnonprofits to delivery the service and so on,

Regulations governing clinical application of human organ transplant in China

To regulate human organ transplant, guarantee the quality and safety of the operation, protect the health of the people, the Health Ministry of China issued Regulations governing Clinical Application of Human Organ Transplant on March 27, 2006, which is to be put into effect on the coming July 1. The regulations contain 5 chapters and 47 articles including general principles, registration of diagnosis and treatment, clinical management, supervision, and supplementary items.