Nut Consumption Is Associated with a Healthy Dietary Pattern in Military Men

The objective of the research was to determine the relation between nut consumption and dietary patterns described by Healthy Eating Index, Mediterranean Diet Score and principal component analysis. In a cross-sectional study, 1852 military men were contacted by mail. Using food-frequency questionnaires, nut consumption was recorded and stratified in weekly versus less than weekly. Three dietary indices were calculated and stratified in quintiles. For principal component analysis, the healthiest dietary pattern rich in fruits and vegetables was selected as Healthy Dietary Pattern. The highest quintiles of Healthy Eating Index, Mediterranean Diet Score and Healthy Dietary Pattern were systematically associated with the highest weekly consumption of nuts. The highest quintiles were also associated with the lowest intake of saturated fat, i.e. between 10 and 12 energy-percent compared with 17 to 19 energy-percent for the lowest quintiles. The mean daily nut consumption was less than 6 g a day, which is beneath the recommended quantity for cardiovascular protection. Nut consumption was associated with the healthiest dietary pattern, independently of the used method to determine the dietary pattern. Regular nut consumption seems to be a component of a cluster of several healthy behaviors.

Relationship between Overweight and Dietary Patterns in Brazilian Preschoolers

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of overweight in children is a growing health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between overweight and dietary patterns in preschoolers. Methods: In total, 232 preschoolers (age 5) residing in the city of Diamantina, Brazil, were evaluated. Dietary intake from a food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric parameters and socioeconomic/behavioral information from a questionnaire were evaluated using a cross-sectional design. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis, and the relationship between overweight and dietary patterns was examined by logistic regression analysis. Results: “Mixed diet”, “snack” and “unhealthy” dietary patterns were identified. Children daughters of obese mothers, and those who had higher average weight gain in the first four months of life had a significantly higher chance of being overweight (respective values: OR = 3.81;p = 0.002;and OR = 2.97;p = 0.009). Higher levels of maternal education were associated with higher “mixed diet” scores (p < 0.001), whereas lower levels of maternal education (p < 0.001), higher per capita income (p < 0.001) and higher average weight gain from 0 to 4 months (p = 0.002) were associated with higher “snack” scores. Higher per capita income was also associated with lower “unhealthy” scores (p Conclusions: In the present study, overweight was not associated with dietary pattern. However, unhealthy eating habits are known to be risk factors for overweight, and considering that eating habits are formed in childhood, it is very important that healthy eating be encouraged in the family environment and in other spaces like childcare and school.

2023年临床营养进展

临床营养旨在通过科学的方法评估营养需求,调整饮食和营养摄入来促进健康,预防和治疗疾病。临床营养学强调饮食在维持健康和治疗疾病中的作用。如今,由于科学技术的不断进步,加上对营养素功能和代谢的深入了解,临床营养学取得了显著的进步,为预防和治疗各种疾病提供了新的动力和途径。随着临床营养学的研究和应用领域不断扩大,营养干预策略已经从传统的饮食建议转变为更加精细化、个体化的管理。利用基因组学、微生物组学等新兴科学技术为不同个体制订更加精确的营养干预方案;数字健康技术也在革新营养监测和管理方式。现代临床营养学强调科学研究和循证医学的结合,通过大规模临床试验和流行病学研究,不断更新和完善营养指南。本文旨在概述近年来在营养诊断、营养治疗方面的最新进展,以期为预防和治疗各种疾病提供新的视角和策略。

应用期望膳食模式评价中国居民膳食结构

利用期望膳食模式 (DDP)对我国居民 1 995、1 998年膳食结构进行分析 ,城市居民主要是调整消费比例 ,减少动物性食物和油脂过量消费 ,增加豆类及其制品消费的问题 ,而农村则应增加豆类及适量的动物性食物、油脂 ,增加蔬菜消费 ,推动大豆消费是改善我国城市和农村膳食结构的共同措施。

“DDP”方法应用于个人膳食营养评价适用性的研究

目的：在用于评价群体膳食营养水平的“ＤＤＰ”方法的基础上，使ＤＤＰ与体质指数，能量、蛋白质以及有关营养素的摄入发生一定的联系，利用计算机的逻辑判断功能，来对个体的膳食营养进行评价。方法：将“ＤＤＰ”方法改进成亦能很好地用于个人膳食营养水平评价的“膳食评价百分法”，即ＢＦＦ法。结果：通过对２８位老人和４１位大学生进行膳食营养评价，证实该方法用于个人膳食指导具有可操作性好、实用性强的特点。

期望膳食模式在江苏城乡居民膳食结构中的应用评价

目的 :应用期望膳食模式 (DDP)对江苏城乡居民膳食结构进行评价。方法 :按平衡膳食法计算热能摄入量 ,以 DDP评分方案评价膳食结构。结果 :90年代江苏城乡居民膳食结构变化特征为谷类DDP评分下降 ,动物性食物 DDP评分上升。结论 :城市居民膳食结构调整重点是遏制粮食消费下降 ,继续降低猪肉消费 ;

衰弱老人的营养治疗

全球人口已进入老龄化阶段,衰弱发生率逐年升高。衰弱不仅与多系统功能减退有关,还与线粒体功能障碍、慢性炎症、氧化应激、营养不良等有关。其中营养不良被认为是其病理生理变化的一个关键因素。由于营养不良是衰弱的一个可改变的风险因素,因此,可通过早期营养干预来预防老年衰弱的发生和改善衰弱老人的生活质量。

Beer, wine and lifestyle: a cross-sectional study of the Belgian military population

Background: A reduction in mortality associated with wine drinking compared to beer drinking has been suggested in the past. A recent meta-analysis could not confirm the observed differential effect. Other characteristics not related to specific components of beer and wine must play a role in the relationship between wine and mortality, thereby explaining the differential protective results.Methods: A military population was selected to investigate the lifestyle differences between beer and wine drinkers. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to register alcohol and food consumption, together with questionnaires for health-related and lifestyle characteristics. Three dietary patterns were characterized by the Healthy Eating Index 2010, the Mediterranean Diet Score and a pattern obtained by principal component analysis.Results: In the multivariate analysis, beer consumption decreased with increasing age, military rank, physical activity and dietary pattern scores. Beer consumption increased with total energy intake and with smoking.Conclusion: Wine consumption was associated with a healthier lifestyle compared with beer consumption. Those differences must be taken into account when relating types of alcoholic beverage consumption with health-related outcomes.

Association between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Knowledge and Lifestyle

Objective: To relate cardiovascular risk factor knowledge to lifestyle. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, food consumption and lifestyle characteristics were recorded using mailed questionnaires. The dietary pattern was described using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). An open ended questionnaire without predefined choices or answers was used to capture cardiovascular knowledge. Results: Lack of physical activity, smoking and eating too much fat were the 3 most cited potential cardiovascular risk factors, while being overweight, eating too much salt and a low consumption of fruits and vegetables were the least cited risk factors. Age, Body Mass Index, physical activity, smoking, income and dietary habits were not consistently associated with knowledge of risk factors. A low socioeconomic position as measured by the indicator education was associated with a lower knowledge of established and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: Risk factor knowledge, an essential step in prevention of CVD, is not systematically associated with a healthier lifestyle. The findings of this study confirm that there is a gap between risk factor knowledge and lifestyle.

理想膳食模式评分法评价新乡市居民1991和2000年的膳食营养状况

目的对新乡市居民膳食营养状况进行评价,筛选出合理的膳食模式。方法随机抽取新乡市480户居民,按地区分布将被调查者分为城市、小城镇、郊区、农村4组,每组按年人均收入分为低、中、高3个收入阶层,用理想膳食模式(DDP)评分法评价其1991和2000年的膳食营养状况。结果城市居民膳食质量较其他各组高,但食用油摄入量超过了最大允许量;小城镇组得分明显低于城市组,但优于郊区和农村组;小城镇、郊区、农村组的中、低收入者的膳食质量较差,动物性及豆类食品摄入量低,食用油摄入量已达到或接近最大允许值。城乡居民膳食质量差距明显;与1991年相比,2000年各组的膳食质量均有一定程度的提高。与其他食品相比,动物性食品及油脂的摄入量上升迅速。各组的得分依收入的高低递减。结论被调查者的蛋白质和热量的摄入量均在我国居民每日营养推荐膳食供给量(DRIs)的90%以上。建议城市居民调整消费比例,减少动物性食物和油脂,增加豆制品,小城镇、郊区及农村居民则应增加豆类、奶类及蔬菜、适当的动物性食物消费。

理想膳食模式评分法(DDP)评价深圳市劳务工膳食营养状况

目的对深圳市外来劳务工膳食营养状况进行评价,了解其膳食结构,以便制定合理的膳食模式。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取工业区集体食堂14所、830名劳务工进行膳食调查;采用称重法、3d24h膳食回顾相结合的调查方法获取膳食信息,运用理想膳食模式评分法(DDP)评价深圳市劳务工的膳食营养状况。结果深圳市劳务工的DDP分值为91.4分,但食用油的摄入量超过了最大允许量。从食物类别的分类上看,谷类DDP得分为31.22分,高于理想得分30.00分。豆类、蛋类、水果、奶及奶制品的摄入量低,肉类的DDP得分为30.70分,稍低于理想得分35.00分;肉类食物DDP得分南山区较低为26.86分,宝安区最高为30.90分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但动物性食物评分(包括肉类、鱼类、蛋类的得分总和)已接近理想膳食模式得分。结论不均衡的膳食结构是深圳市劳务工膳食结构的主要特点。建议减少油脂摄入,适当地增加豆类、水果、蛋类、奶及奶制品等食物的摄入。

社区慢性非传染性疾病住院老年患者膳食营养状况的评价

目的对社区慢性非传染性疾病(慢病)住院老年患者的膳食营养状况进行评价,以便制定合理的膳食模式。方法 2014年1月-9月抽取成都市某社区卫生服务中心的慢病住院老年患者进行膳食情况及个人基本情况调查,采用理想膳食模式(DDP)评分法评价老年患者的膳食营养状况。结果共纳入179例社区慢病住院老年患者,其膳食DDP分值为91.47分,膳食质量较好;动物性食品、食用油的DDP得分均超过了最大允许值,主食、鱼虾类、蛋类、蔬菜水果的DDP得分均较低。结论社区慢病住院老年患者宜减少畜肉类等动物性食品的摄入,改为经常性地摄入禽肉类及鱼虾类,适当增加如谷类等主食、蛋类、蔬菜水果的摄入,保证膳食总能量的平衡。