The Impact of Storm-Induced SST Cooling on Storm Size and Destructiveness: Results from Atmosphere-Ocean Coupled Simulations

In this study, both an atmospheric model [Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model] and an atmosphere(WRF)–ocean(Princeton Ocean Model;POM) coupled model are used to simulate the tropical cyclone(TC) Kaemi(2006). By comparing the simulation results of the models, effects of oceanic elements, especially the TC-induced sea surface temperature(SST) cooling, on the simulated TC size and destructiveness are identified and analyzed. The results show that there are no notable differences in the simulated TC track and its intensity between the uncoupled and coupled experiments;however, there are large differences in the TC size(i.e., the radius of gale-force wind)between the two experiments, and it is the TC-induced SST cooling that decreases the TC size. The SST cooling contributes to the decrease of air–sea moisture difference(ASMD) outside the TC eyewall, which subsequently leads to the decreases in surface enthalpy flux(SEF), radial sea-level pressure gradient, absolute vorticity advection, and wind speed outside the TC eyewall. As a result, the TC size and size-dependent TC destructive potential all decrease remarkably.

The neutrophil–osteogenic cell axis promotes bone destruction in periodontitis

The immune-stromal cell interactions play a key role in health and diseases. In periodontitis, the most prevalent infectious disease in humans, immune cells accumulate in the oral mucosa and promote bone destruction by inducing receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in osteogenic cells such as osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. However, the detailed mechanism underlying immune–bone cell interactions in periodontitis is not fully understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNAsequencing analysis on mouse periodontal lesions and showed that neutrophil–osteogenic cell crosstalk is involved in periodontitis-induced bone loss. The periodontal lesions displayed marked infiltration of neutrophils, and in silico analyses suggested that the neutrophils interacted with osteogenic cells through cytokine production. Among the cytokines expressed in the periodontal neutrophils, oncostatin M (OSM) potently induced RANKL expression in the primary osteoblasts, and deletion of the OSM receptor in osteogenic cells significantly ameliorated periodontitis-induced bone loss. Epigenomic data analyses identified the OSM-regulated RANKL enhancer region in osteogenic cells, and mice lacking this enhancer showed decreased periodontal bone loss while maintaining physiological bone metabolism. These findings shed light on the role of neutrophils in bone regulation during bacterial infection, highlighting the novel mechanism underlying osteoimmune crosstalk.

Triaxial mechanical properties and precursors of instability damage in rocks with different laminar dip angles

To investigate the mechanical failure characteristics of volcanic breccia with different bedding dip angles in deep layers,triaxial compression experiments were conducted on specimens taken from volcanic rock layers in the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang.By changing the confining pressure,we compared the mechanical properties,acoustic emission characteristics,and fractal features of the acoustic emission sequence for volcanic breccia with different bedding dip angles.The research results indicate that as the bedding dip angle increases,peak strength,internal friction angle,and cohesion exhibit a“U-shaped”variation pattern.The correlation dimension of the acoustic emission amplitude was calculated using the G-P algorithm,revealing that volcanic breccia exhibits fractal characteristics.Furthermore,a positive correlation between the correlation dimension and the bedding dip angle was observed.When the stress of the test specimen reaches 0.8σ_(c),there is a significant decrease in the fractal dimension,serving as a criterion for predicting the failure of the specimen.By analyzing the changes in fractal dimension at different stress levels,the slope of the fractal dimension△D<-0.5 can be used as a precursor to failure for test specimens with a bedding dip angle of 15°≤β≤45°.Similarly,when the bedding dip angle of the specimen is 0°≤β<15°or 45°<β≤90°,△D<0 can be considered as a precursor to specimen failure.This study provides theoretical references for understanding the failure patterns of volcanic rock.

Macro-micro behaviors and failure mechanism of frozen weakly cemented mudstone

Understanding the mechanical properties and multiscale failure mechanism of frozen soft rock is an important prerequisite for the construction safety of tunnels,artificially frozen ground and other infrastructure in cold regions.In this study,the triaxial compression test are performed on mudstone in the weakly cemented soft rock strata in the mining area of western China,and the mechanical characteristics and failure mechanism of weakly cemented mudstone are systematically investigated under the combined action of freezing and loading.Furthermore,the quantitative relationship between the microstructural parameters and the macroscopic strength and deformation parameters is established based on fractal theory.Thus,the failure mechanism of frozen weakly cemented mudstone is revealed on both micro- and macro-scales.The results show that temperature and confining pressure significantly affects the elastic modulus and peak strength of weakly cemented mudstone.With decreasing temperature,the compressive strength increases,while the corresponding peak strain decreases gradually.On the deformation curve,the plastic deformation stage is shortened,and the brittle fracture feature at the post-peak stage is more prominent,and the elastic modulus correspondingly increases with decreasing temperature.Under low-temperature conditions,most of the weakly cemented mudstone undergoes microscopic shear failure along the main fracture surface.The micro-fracture morphology characteristics of weakly cemented mudstone under different temperatures are quantified via the fractal dimension,and an approximately exponential relationship can be obtained among the fractal dimension and the temperature,compressive strength and elastic modulus.

Characteristics and main controlling factors of helium resources in the main petroliferous basins of the North China Craton

At present, the main controlling factors of helium accumulation is one of the key scientific problems restricting the exploration and development of helium reservoir. In this paper, based on the calculation results of He generation rate and the geochemical characteristics of the produced gas, both the similarities and differences between natural gas and He resources in the Bohai Bay, Ordos and the surrounding Songliao Basin are compared and analyzed, discussing the main controlling factors of helium resources in the three main petroliferous basins of the North China Craton. It is found that the three basins of Bohai Bay, Ordos and Songliao have similar characteristics of source rocks, reservoirs and cap rocks, that's why their methane resource characteristics are essentially the same. The calculated ~4He generation per cubic metamorphic crystalline basement in the three basins is roughly equivalent, which is consistent with the measured He resources, and it is believed that the ~4He of radiogenic from the crust is the main factor controlling the overall He accumulation in the three basins;there is almost no contribution of the mantle-derived CH_4, which suggests that the transport and uplift of mantle-derived ~3He carried by the present-day magmatic activities along the deep-large faults is not the main reason for the mantle-derived ~3He mixing in the basins. Combined with the results of regional volcanic and geophysical studies,it is concluded that under the background of the destruction of North China Craton, magma intrusion carried a large amount of mantle-derived material and formed basic volcanic rocks in the Bohai Bay Basin and Songliao Basin, which replenished mantle-derived ~3He for the interior of the basins, and that strong seismic activities in and around the basins also promoted the upward migration of mantle source ~3He. This study suggests that the tectonic zone with dense volcanic rocks in the Cenozoic era and a high incidence of historical strong earthquakes history may be a potential area for helium resource exploration.

Airblast evolution initiated by Wangjiayan landslides in the M_(s)8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and its destructive capacity analysis

Airblasts,as one common phenomenon accompanied by rapid movements of landslides or rock/snow avalanches,commonly result in catastrophic damages and are attracting more and more scientific attention.To quantitatively analyze the intensity of airblast initiated by landslides,the Wangjiayan landslide,occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake,is selected here with the landslide propagation and airblast evolution being studied using FLUENT by introducing the Voellmy rheological law.The results reveal that:(1)For the Wangjiayan landslide,its whole travelling duration is only 12 s with its maximum velocity reaching 36 m/s at t=10 s;(2)corresponding to the landslide propagation,the maximum velocity,28 m/s,of the airblast initiated by the landslide also appears at t=10 s with its maximum pressure reaching594.8 Pa,which is equivalent to violent storm;(3)under the attack of airblast,the load suffered by buildings in the airblast zone increases to 1300 Pa at t=9.4 s and sharply decreased to-7000 Pa as the rapid decrease of the velocity of the sliding mass at t=10 s,which is seriously unfavorable for buildings and might be the key reason for the destructive collapse of buildings in the airblast zone of the Wangjiayan landslide.

The Al_(2)O_(3)and Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents highly utilized in destructive sorption of NF_(3)

NF_(3)is commonly used as an etching and cleaning gas in semiconductor industry,however it is a strongly greenhouse gas.Therefore,the destruction of disposal NF_(3)is an urgent task to migrate the greenhouse effect.Among the technologies for NF_(3)abatement,the destructive sorption of NF_(3)over metal oxides sorbents is an effective way.Thus,the search for a highly reactive and utilized sorbent for NF_(3)destruction is in great demand.In this work,AlOOH supported on carbon-sphere(AlOOH/CS)as precursors were synthesized hydrothermally and heat-treated to prepare the Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents.The influence of AlOOH/CS hydrothermal temperatures on the reactivity of derived Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents for NF_(3)destruction was investigated,and it is shown that the Al2O3 from AlOOH/CS hydro-thermalized at 120℃is superior to others.Subsequently,the optimized Al_(2)O_(3)was covered by Mn(OH)x to prepare Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents via changing hydrothermal temperatures and Mn loadings.The results show that the Mn/Al_(2)O_(3)sorbents are more utilized than bare Al_(2)O_(3)in NF_(3)destructive sorption due to the promotional effect of Mn_(2)O_(3)as surface layer on the fluorination of Al_(2)O_(3)as substrate,especially the optimal 5%Mn/Al2O3(160℃)exhibits a utilization percentage as high as 90.4%,and remarkably exceeds all the sorbents reported so far.These findings are beneficial to develop more efficient sorbents for the destruction of NF_(3).

Preclinical Verification of Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia—Part II. In Vivo Research

The treatments of malignant diseases nowadays are rapidly developing. One of the groups of novel therapies applies electromagnetic fields to destroy the malignant lesions. The thermal (heating) and nonthermal (polarization, molecular excitations) processes are combined in novel methods. The non-ionizing energy absorption from the electric field may produce substantial heat, increasing the targeted lesion’s temperature and inducing hyperthermic effects. The modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) uses thermal conditions to optimize and accelerate the chemical reactions induced by the nonthermal excitation of the electric field. The mEHT cooperates with the body’s homeostatic control and harmonizes the mutual efforts to destroy the malignancy. Our objective is to show in vivo proof of the combined complementary electromagnetic impact on various tumors produced by mEHT. Furthermore, we present evidence of the increasing efficacy of the complementary application of mEHT with conventional treatments.

Tropical Cyclone Size Change under Ocean Warming and Associated Responses of Tropical Cyclone Destructiveness: Idealized Experiments

The power dissipation index(PDI),which is defined as the sum of the cube of tropical cyclone(TC)maximum wind speed during TC lifetime,is widely used to estimate the TC destructive potential.However,due to the lack of high-resolution observations,little attention has been paid to the contribution of TC size change to TC destructive potential in response to ocean warming.In this study,sensitivity experiments are performed by using the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model to investigate the responses of TC size and TC destructive potential to prescribed sea surface temperature(SST)increase under the present climate condition.The results show that TC size increases with the ocean warming.Possible reasons for TC size change are investigated with a focus on the outer air–sea moisture difference(ASMD).As SST increases,ASMD in the outer zone of the TC is larger than that in the inner zone,which increases the surface entropy flux(SEF)of the outer zone.This change in the radial distribution of SEF causes the increase of tangential wind in the outer zone,which further increases SEF,resulting in a positive feedback between outer-zone SEF and outer-zone tangential wind.This feedback leads to the increase of the radius of gale-force wind,leading to the expansion of TC size.Moreover,to estimate the contribution of TC size change to TC destructiveness,we calculate TC size-dependent destructive potential(PDS)as the storm size information is available in the model outputs,as well as PDI that does not consider the effect of TC size change.We find that PDS increases exponentially as SST increases from 1 to 4°C,while PDI increases linearly;hence the former is soon much greater than the latter.This suggests that the growth effect of TC size cannot be ignored in estimating destructiveness under ocean warming.

Gold mineralization in Jiaodong Peninsula and destruction of North China Craton:Insights from Mesozoic granite

Large-scale tectonic magmatism and extensive gold mineralization have occurred in the eastern North China Craton(NCC)(Jiaodong and Liaodong peninsulas)since Mesozoic,which indicated that the region experienced decratonization process.The genesis type of granites evolved from S-type to I-type and A-type during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous,and thus reflects the evolution of geodynamics in the Late Mesozoic,indicating the varied subduction process of the Paleo-Pacific Plate(PPP)and the craton destruction.The evolution of geochemical features shows that the mantle beneath the Jiaodong Peninsula evolved from EM-II in Jurassic to EM-I in Early Cretaceous,demonstrating that the mantle switched from enriched to depleted.The gold of decratonic gold deposits in Jiaodong Peninsula mainly comes from the lithospheric mantle domains metasomatized by fluids derived from the metamorphism and dehydration of the subducted slab in the mantle transition zone.The rapid decomposition of minerals leads to the concentrated release of ore-forming fluids,and this process leads to the explosive gold mineralization during the craton destruction.Extensive magmatic uplift and extensional structures,triggered by the craton destruction in Early Cretaceous formed the extensional tectonic system,providing space for the decratonic gold deposits in Jiaodong Peninsula.

Ethylene Copolymerization with Linear and End-Cyclized Olefins via a Metallocene Catalyst:Polymerization Behavior and Thermal Properties of Copolymers

Olefin solution polymerization can be used to obtain high-performance polyolefin materials that cannot be obtained via other polymerization processes.Polyolefin elastomers(POE)are a typical example.Due to cost,only a few linear a-olefins(e.g.,1-butene,1-hexene,and 1-octene)are used as comonomers in solution polymerization in industry.However,a-olefin comonomers with other structures may have different effects on polymerization in comparison with common linear ones.Moreover,the properties of the corresponding materials may differ significantly.In this work,copolymers of ethylene with linear and endcyclized a-olefins are synthesized using a metallocene catalyst.The copolymerization of ethylene with linear a-olefins results in a higher turn-over frequency(TOF)and lower incorporation than copolymerization with end-cyclized a-olefins,which may indicate that end-cyclized a-olefins have a higher coordination probability and lower insertion rate.In this reaction,the comonomer is distributed randomly in the polymer chain and efficiently destroys crystallization.End-cyclized a-olefins exhibit a much stronger crystallization destructive capacity(CDC)in the copolymer than linear a-olefins,possibly because linear a-olefins act mainly in the radial direction of the main chain of the polymer,while end-cyclized a-olefins act mainly in the axial direction of the main chain.

Influence of vacuoles with gas–liquid inclusions on the thermobaric destruction conditions of natural quartz under dynamic heating in an RF-TICP torch system

In the present work,the turbulent mixing process of a polydisperse quartz particle flow with a plasma stream generated by a radio-frequency(RF)inductively coupled plasma torch was numerically studied.The thermobaric stress in the quartz particles under dynamic heating in a heterogeneous plasma flow was determined by a two-stage approximation approach.The effect of the presence of vacuoles in natural quartz on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was studied.It was found that the equivalent thermal and baric stresses in quartz particles may significantly increase in the presence of vacuoles within a small gas volume fraction.The influence of the regime and energetic working conditions of an RF inductively coupled plasma torch system on the particle thermobaric destruction conditions was examined,and a recommendation was given to promote the degree of thermobaric destruction of quartz particles,which is of substantial importance for improving the overall enrichment efficiency of quartz concentrates.

miR-483-5p regulates osteoclast generation by targeting Timp2

Objective:To investigate whether miR-483-5p regulates osteoclast generation by targeting Timp2.miR-483-5p can promote osteoclast differentiation and bone destruction.Methods:Target genes of miR-483-5p were predicted by miRNAs target gene prediction software TargetScan8.0,and wild type and mutant 3'UTR plasmids were constructed.Dual luciferase reporter genes were used to verify whether target genes had a targeted regulatory relationship with miR-483-5p.Western blotting was used to detect the corresponding changes in the expression level of target protein after adjusting the level of miR-483-5p in cells.Cells were transfected or infected with target gene siRNA or target protein lentivirus,and TRAP staining and q-PCR assays were performed.In addition,for osteoclast induction experiment,RAW264.7 cells were co-transfected with ago-miR-483-5p and target protein-overexpressed lentiviruses q-PCR and TRAP staining were performed respectively.Results:Bioinformatics software was used to predict the target gene of miR-483-5p,and the Timp2 gene was found to regulate osteoclasts,and the dual luciferase reporter detection system found that miR-483-5p could be associated with the 3-UTR of the predicted target gene Timp2 gene.There are complementary loci and targeted regulatory relationship between them.Subsequently,we upregulated miR-483-5p in RAW264.7 cells to reduce the expression of Timp2.Compared with the normal group,the number of osteoclasts and the expression of osteoclast-specific genes increased significantly after the induction of Timp2 in knockdown cells.After co-transfection of target gene and miR-483-5p into cells,the number of osteoclasts and the expression of specific genes decreased significantly compared with the normal group.Conclusion:Timp2 is a downstream target gene of miR-483-5p and is involved in and inhibits osteoclast generation.

Radio Direction Finding Method to Mitigate Tsunami Risk in Sierra Leone

In this study,the Radio Direction Finding method is proposed for the detection of electromagnetic signals,in the VLF band,to try to anticipate the occurrence of potentially destructive geophysical events.The experimentation concerns the interception of electromagnetic anomalies in Sierra Leone,in the five-day time window,associated with seismic events that could potentially generate tsunamis.The area of investigation is Sierra Leone,whose coastline is subjected to tidal wave hazards triggered by earthquakes generated in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Although Sierra Leone is not affected by recurrent earthquakes,there is nevertheless a low probability,estimated at 2 percent,of the occurrence of destructive earthquakes in the next 50 years.Also in estimates,the risk of rogue and potentially damaging waves is estimated to strike the Sierra Leone coast at least once in the next 10 years.The Radio Direction Finding experiment carried out continuously 24/7,has shown a close relationship between increased radio-anomalies,in the frequencies of 6,000 Hz,a time window between electromagnetic anomaly detection and the imminence of an earthquake,and higher frequency times for the risk of earthquake occurrence in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

快速破坏性髋关节病2例

病例快速破坏性髋关节病(Rapidly destructive hipdisease,RDHD)是一种不常见、病因不明确、侵犯股骨头及髋臼、导致髋关节在短期内迅速破坏的的髋关节疾病。现将我院诊断的2例报告如下。例1,男,54岁。1997年7月在外院诊断为'左髋结核',

城市化进程中的生态化建设研究——以上海A20外环(长宁段)生态防护绿地专项工程设计为例

1项目概况A20外环(长宁段)生态景观专项工程位于A20外环长宁段的外侧(图见第57页Fig.1)。项目南起虹桥机场,北至吴松江。绿带除北翟路南侧和吴松江南岸400m以外,其余宽度均为100m。项目总用地达120hm2。1.1用地现状项目用地北接沪宁高速公路;水上交通线。

莎士比亚第12首十四行诗赏析(英文)

Shakespeare’s Sonnet 12 is about the destructive effect of time on the beauty of the nature as well as human beings and how one can be immortal. This paper analyzes the theme of this sonnet and the way the poet presents this theme.

The Destructive Effect of Lawlessness on Man's Soul

This paper analyzes the destructive effect of lawlessness on Dorian Gray in The Picture of Dorian Gray and Kurtz in Heart of Darkness.Under the protection of his portrait,Dorian Gray is lost in his seeking for pleasure and corrupts from a good angel into a vicious devil.As an oppressor in Africa,Kurtz can make his law and can do anything without punishment and is thus destroyed by his insatiable desire for ivory.The corruption of Dorian Gray and Kurtz shows that without observation,man may expose his evil side to an extreme.

紫金山“野道”沿路植被现状与治理

大量登山人流对景区的植被造成了很大压力,道路两边植被破坏尤为严重,文章调查了南京紫金山两条"野道"沿路的植被现状,发现"野道"沿路演替受到抑制,先锋植物较多,栽培或逸生植物增多,更新层受到破坏,在此基础上,就紫金山景区道路规划与管理提出建议。

小议梶井基次郎《柠檬》的色彩运用

《柠檬》是作家梶井基次郎的短篇代表作之一。作家的写作风格就是从《柠檬》开始确立的。作为一位接受西方教育热爱西方绘画的人,作家将绘画的主要元素,即色彩加入了他的短篇小说中。《柠檬》中的空间排布和色彩的运用也可以说是独具匠心。文章尝试着从空间色彩的渗透与最后色彩的爆炸为切入口对这篇立意新颖的小说进行研究。文章主要分为五个部分,第一部分是描述了现实混沌的色彩,第二部分着重描写幻想空间多重色彩,接着阐述金黄色的柠檬所连接着的两个世界色彩的改变,第四部分着重于幻想与现实色彩的冲撞与爆炸,第五部分则探讨了爆炸之后宁静所具有的意义。