Detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for the noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal diseases:A prospective,blind clinical study

BACKGROUND Traditional esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD),an invasive examination method,can cause discomfort and pain in patients.In contrast,magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCE),a noninvasive method,is being applied for the detection of stomach and small intestinal diseases,but its application in treating esophageal diseases is not widespread.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of detachable string MCE(ds-MCE)for the diagnosis of esophageal diseases.METHODS Fifty patients who had been diagnosed with esophageal diseases were pros-pectively recruited for this clinical study and underwent ds-MCE and conven-tional EGD.The primary endpoints included the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for patients with esophageal diseases.The secondary endpoints consisted of visualizing the esophageal and dentate lines,as well as the subjects'tolerance of the procedure.RESULTS Using EGD as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for esophageal disease detection were 85.71%,86.21%,81.82%,89.29%,and 86%,respectively.ds-MCE was more comfortable and convenient than EGD was,with 80%of patients feeling that ds-MCE examination was very comfortable or comfortable and 50%of patients believing that detachable string v examination was very convenient.CONCLUSION This study revealed that ds-MCE has the same diagnostic effects as traditional EGD for esophageal diseases and is more comfortable and convenient than EGD,providing a novel noninvasive method for treating esophageal diseases.

Pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial embolization of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula with detachable balloon:An institutional cohort long-term study

BACKGROUND The goal of therapy for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula(TCCF)is the elimination of fistula while maintaining patency of the parent artery.The treatment for TCCF has evolved from surgery to endovascular management using detachable balloons,coils,liquid embolic agents,covered stents,or flow-diverter stent through arterial or venous approaches.Despite the withdrawal of detachable balloons from the market in the United States since 2004,transarterial embolization with detachable balloons has currently remained the best initial treatment for TCCF in several countries.However,the pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial detachable balloon embolization has rarely been observed in long-term follow-up.AIM To determine the occurrence and long-term follow-up of pseudoaneurysm after transarterial detachable balloon for TCCF.METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2019,79 patients diagnosed with TCCF were treated using detachable latex balloons(GOLDBAL)of four sizes.Pseudoaneurysm sizes were stratified into five grades for analysis.Initial and follow-up assessments involved computed tomography angiography at 1 month,6 month,1 year,and longer intervals for significant cases.Clinical follow-ups occurred semi-annually for 2 years,then annually.Factors analyzed included sex,age,fistula size and location,and balloon size.RESULTS In our cohort of 79 patients treated for TCCF,pseudoaneurysms formed in 67.1%,with classifications ranging from grade 0 to grade 3;no grade 4 or giant pseudoaneurysms were observed.The majority of pseudoaneurysms did not progress in size,and some regressed spontaneously.Calcifications developed in most large pseudoaneurysms over 5-10 years.Parent artery occlusion occurred in 7.6%and recurrent fistulas in 16.5%.The primary risk factors for pseudoaneurysm formation were identified as the use of specific balloon sizes,with balloon SP and No.6 significantly associated with its occurrence(P=0.005 and P=0.002,respectively),whereas sex,age,fistula size,location,and the number of balloons used were not significant predictors.CONCLUSION Pseudoaneurysm formation following detachable balloon embolization for TCCF is common,primarily influenced by the size of the balloon used.Despite this,all patients with pseudoaneurysms remained asymptomatic during long-term follow-up.

Metamorphopsia after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Improvements in surgical techniques have led to 90% success in the surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD).However,anatomical reattachment of the retina does not ensure complete recovery of visual function.The incidence of metamorphopsia remains the most common postoperative complaint,from 24% to 88.6%.Currently,the risk factors of metamorphopsia are categorized into macular involvement,retinal shift,outer retinal folds,subretinal fluid,secondary epiretinal membrane,outer retinal layer damage,and surgical approach.The associations of metamorphopsia with postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and postoperative vision-related quality of life were still controversial.The most popular methods for assessment of metamorphopsia remain the Amsler grid and M-Charts.Most treatments cannot progress beyond the management of negative visual sensations,through methods such as occlusion therapy and aniseikonia-correcting spectacles.The main treatment approach involves RRD prevention and the management of risk factors that can lead to postoperative metamorphopsia after RRD repair.Additional research concerning metamorphopsia treatment,further upgrades of auxiliary inspection methods,and more accurate microstructural assessments are needed to address this common complication.

Estimates of required impurity fraction for EAST divertor detachment

During the EAST radiative divertor experiments,one of the key challenges was how to avoid the occurrence of disruptive events caused by excessive impurity seeding.To estimate the required impurity fraction for divertor detachment,we introduce a reduced edge plasma radiation model.In the model,based on the momentum conservation along the magnetic field line,the upstream pressure is determined by the plasma density and temperature at the divertor target,and then the impurity radiation loss is obtained by the balance of the heat and particle fluxes.It is found that the required impurity fraction shows a non-monotonic variation with divertor electron temperature(T_(d))when 0.1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV.In the range of 0.1 eV<T_(d)<1 e V,the position near the valley of required impurity fraction corresponds to strong plasma recombination.Due to the dependence of the volumetric momentum loss effect on the T_(d)in the range of 1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV,the required impurity fraction peaks and then decreases as T_(d)is increased.Compared to neon,the usage of argon reduces the impurity fraction by about twice.In addition,for the various fitting parameters in the pressure-momentum loss model,it is shown that the tendency of required impurity fraction with T_(d)always increases first and then decreases in the range of 1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV,but the required impurity fraction decreases when the model that characterizes the strong loss in pressure momentum is used.

On load dependence of detachment rate of kinesin motor

Kinesin is an archetypal microtubule-based molecular motor that can generate force to transport cargo in cells. The load dependence of the detachment rate is an important factor of the kinesin motor, the determination of which is critically related to the chemomechanical coupling mechanism of the motor. Here, we use three models for the load dependence of the detachment rate of the kinesin motor to study theoretically and numerically the maximal force generated and microtubuleattachment duration of the motor. By comparing the theoretical and numerical results with the available experimental data,we show that only one model can explain well the available experimental data, indicating that only this model can be applicable to the kinesin motor.

Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula using Guglielmi detachable coil

Background Coronary artery fistula （CAF） is a rare anomaly.Transcatheter CAF closure has been introduced using various materials,but only few data are available on the Guglielmi detachable coil （GDC）.The advantage of using GDC for transcatheter CAF closure is more controllable,therefore much safer when compared to other coils.This report is about our experience in transcatheter closure of CAF using fibered GDC in our hospital.Methods ＆ Results From 2002 to 2007,there were 10 patients with CAFs （age range：28 to 56 year-old,7 males） who underwent transcatheter CAF closure.There were a total of 19 CAFs which originated from right coronary （n =5）,left circumflex （n =3）,left anterior descending artery （n =10） and left main trunk （n =1）.Median number of coil deployment for each fistula was 3 （range：1 to 6）.The pulmonary artery was the most common site of the distal communication of CAFs （n =14）,followed by right atrium （n =3）,left atrium （n =1） and left ventricle （n =1）.Immediate coronary angiography after GDC deployment revealed no residual shunt in 12 （63.2％） CAFs,significant reduction of the flow in 5 （26.3％）,while 2 （10.5％） could not be closed due to small size.Nine （90％） patients underwent a repeated angiography within 3 to 8 months.Among 12 CAFs that were occluded immediately post-deployment,there were 2 CAFs with insignificant residual flow.Among 6 CAFs with significantly decreased flow immediately post-deployment,2 were occluded totally in the follow-up angiography.In total,12 （70.5％） CAFs were occluded completely and 5 （29.5％） CAFs still had insignificant residual flow,which did not need any additional coil deployment.During a mean follow up of 4.3 ± 0.7 year,all patients remained symptom and complication free.Conclusions The fibered GDC is a safe and effective method for percutaneous closure of the CAFs.

Usefulness of the Guglielmi detachable coil for embolization of a systemic venous collateral after Fontan operation:A case report

Embolization of collateral veins is often treated with rigid coils(Gianturco and interlocking detachable coils type).However,when dealing with tortuous and dilated collateral veins,there is a high risk for technical failure and coil migration due to inflexibility of the coils.To safely and successfully solve this problem,Guglielmi detachable coils(GDC) can be used for embolization.Their flexibility allows for easy navigation in tortuous veins,low risk of unintended coil release or coil migration,and safe deployment.A 12-year-old girl with a single ventricle had severe cyanosis and a low exercise tolerance 5 years after Fontan procedure.The symp-toms were caused by a tortuous and dilated collateral from the left phrenic vein into the left pulmonary vein,forming a right-to-left shunt.The collateral,which had a large diameter and high flow,and therefore a high risk of coil migration,was successfully embolized with 8 GDC.There were no complications such as coil migration or cerebral infarction.Transcatheter embolization increased her systemic oxygen saturation from 81%-84% to 94%-95%,and increased her ability to exercise.The embolization procedure using flexible GDC was low risk compared with other rigid coil embolization techniques when performing embolization of tortuous and dilated collateral veins.

INITIAL COMPARISON OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM EMBOLIZATION WITH MECHANICAL DETACHABLE SPIRALS AND WITH GUGLIELMI DETACHABLE COILS

Objective. To compare the embolization effects of intracranial aneurysms with mechanical detachable spirals (MDS) and with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC).Methods. One hundred and twenty cases with 125 intracranial aneurysms were embolized in Beijing Hospital from March 1995 to July 1999. Sixty - six aneurysms in 64 cases were embolized with MDS, 51 in 48 with GDC, and 8 in 8 with both MDS and GDC. Clinical data including sex, age, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), Hunt & Hess grading, diameter and neck width of aneurysms, number and length of coils used per aneurysm, occlusive ratio, and complications were compared between MDS and GDC groups.Results. MDS and GDC groups were comparable (t-test or x2 -test, all P value > 0. 10) in terms of age, sex, diameter of aneurysms [ (8. 46 ± 3. 42) mm vs. (7. 38 ± 3. 45) mm], neck width [ (3. 49 ± 1. 50) mm vs. (3. 26 ± 1. 52) mm], coils number[ (4. 65 ± 3. 01) vs. (4. 24 ± 2. 65) ] and their length[ (460. 2 ± 398. 5) mm vs. (422. 9 ±387. 1) mm] used per aneurysm, occlusive ratio in aneurysms embolized ≥80% [ (95. 00% ± 6. 32% ) vs. (94. 19% ± 7. 63% ) ], mortality and permanent complications (7. 8% vs. 4. 2% ).Conclusions. MDS and GDC are all materials for embolization of intracranial aneurysms. MDS is less expensive, but more difficult to control and of propensity to complications while GDC is more compliant, easier to be used, safer, and have many alternative types for use as well as more extensive indications.

COMPARISON OF CELLULOSE ACETATE POLYMER AND ELECTROLYTIC DETACHABLE COILS FOR TREATMENT OF CANINE ANEURYSMAL MODELS

Electrolytic detachable coils (EDC) have been the main embolic materi als for intracranial aneurysms. Liquid aneurysmal embolic materials represented by cellulose acetate polymer (CAP) are still in controversy. In this research, t he embolization results and pathological reactions after embolization of canine aneurysmal models with EDC or CAP were observed and compared. Methods. The canine aneurysmal models constructed by anastomosis of venous pouch es were randomly grouped. The aneurysms were respectively occluded with CAP and electrolytic detachable coils that was named by Wu electrolytic detachable coil (WEDC) and made by us. Angiogram follow ups were performed at 24 hour, 2 week , and 2 month after embolization. The occluded aneurysms were dissected in each stage for light microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical research. Results. The effect of embolization was significantly better with WEDC than that with CAP . Post embolized complications such as aneurysm rupture and stenosis of parent arteries could only be found in CAP group. Pathol ogical research showed that CAP mass could packed the aneurysms more densely tha n coils. Acute chemical damage of aneurysmal wall and inflammatory cell infiltra tion was prominently found in early stage after CAP embolization. Organization of thrombus inside aneurysms and formation of endothelial tissue over the orific es of aneurysmal necks could be found in both groups 2 months after embolization . But parts of coils might be exposed outside endothelial layer. Conclusions. EDC are still the most safe, efficient, and reliable instruments to embolize aneurysm. CAP should be improved further to solve the problem of stron g chemical corrosion and difficulty in control before it is widely used.

Calculation and prediction of divertor detachment via impurity seeding by using one-dimensional model

Achieving the detachment of divertor can help to alleviate excessive heat load and sputtering problems on the target plates,thereby extending the lifetime of divertor components for fusion devices.In order to provide a fast but relatively reliable prediction of plasma parameters along the flux tube for future device design,a one-dimensional(1D)modeling code for the operating point of impurity seeded detached divertor is developed based on Python language,which is a fluid model based on previous work(Plasma Phys.Control.Fusion 58045013(2016)).The experimental observation of the onset of divertor detachment by neon(Ne)and argon(Ar)seeding in EAST is well reproduced by using the 1D modeling code.The comparison between the 1D modeling and two-dimensional(2D)simulation by the SOLPS-ITER code for CFETR detachment operation with Ne and Ar seeding also shows that they are in good agreement.We also predict the radiative power loss and corresponding impurity concentration requirement for achieving divertor detachment via different impurity seeding under high heating power conditions in EAST and CFETR phase II by using the 1D model.Based on the predictions,the optimized parameter space for divertor detachment operation on EAST and CFETR is also determined.Such a simple but reliable 1D model can provide a reasonable parameter input for a detailed and accurate analysis by 2D or three-dimensional(3D)modeling tools through rapid parameter scanning.

The Early Mesozoic NE-SW Extensional Model and Exhumation Processes at the Southeastern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt:Insights from the Strain and Kinematic Vorticity Analysis of the Sonid Zuoqi Ductile Detachment Zone

The Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is located at the southeastern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt(CAOB),striking EW and dipping to the S.The major rock type of the Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is mylonite derived from granite.The sequence of mylonite features is:(1)S and C foliations of mylonite,and(2)extensional crenulation cleavage(ecc)or C′and the kinematic vorticity(Wk)value changed from 0.70 to 0.95 and from 0.37 to 0.69,respectively;the strain type of the mylonites within the Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is compressional to planar strain.The strong deformation mylonite and Halatu plutons yielded a zircon U-Pb age of 244 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age of 214 Ma,respectively.Based on the strain and kinematic vorticity analysis,together with the zircon U-Pb and zircon(U-Th)/He ages and the regional tectonic background,the study area experienced three stage evolution:tangential simpleshear(244 Ma),simple-shear-dominated general shear represented by upper crustal extension(224 Ma)and pure-shear-dominated general shear represented by the Halatu pluton doming(214 Ma),which constrained the early Mesozoic NE-SW crustal extension at the southeastern margin of the CAOB.This NE-SW extension probably originated from the postorogenic extensional collapse of the CAOB,subsequent exhumation being controlled by the far afield effects of the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk belt.

Pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment using perfluoro-n-octane as intraoperative tamponade:a multicenter,randomized,non-inferiority trial

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perfluoro-n-octane(PFO)for ophthalmic surgery versus F-Octane as an intraoperative tamponade in pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in management of retinal detachment.METHODS:This multicenter,prospective,randomized,double-masked,parallel-controlled,non-inferiority trial was conducted in three ophthalmology clinical centers in China.Patients with retinal detachment,who were eligible for PPV were consecutively enrolled.Participants were assigned to PFO for ophthalmic surgery or F-Octane for intraocular tamponade in a 1:1 ratio.Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP)measurement,and dilated fundus examination were performed preoperatively and at 1,7±1,28±3d postoperatively.The primary outcome was complete retinal reattachment rate at postoperative day one.The non-inferiority margin was set at 9.8%.The secondary outcomes included intraoperative retinal reattachment rate,and mean changes in IOP and BCVA from baseline to 1,7±1,28±3d postoperatively,respectively.Safety analyses were presented for all randomly assigned participates in this study.RESULTS:Totally 124 eligible patients completed the study between Mar.14,2016 and Jun.7,2017.Sixty of them were randomly assigned to the PFO for ophthalmic surgery group,and 64 were assigned to the F-Octane group.Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups.Both groups achieved 100%retinal reattachment at postoperative day one(difference 0,95%CI:-6.21%to 5.75%,P=1).The pre-defined noninferiority criterion was met.No significant difference was observed in intraoperative retinal reattachment rate(difference 1.77%,P=0.61),mean changes in IOP(difference 0.36,-0.09,2.22 mm Hg at 1,7±1,28±3d postoperatively,with all P>0.05)and BCVA(difference 0.04,-0.02,0.06 logMAR at 1,7±1,28±3d postoperatively,all P>0.05)between the two groups.No apparent adverse events related to the utilization of PFO were reported.CONCLUSION:In patients with retinal detachment undergoing PPV,PFO for ophthalmic surgery is non-inferior to F-Octane as an intraocular tamponade,and both are safe and well-tolerated.

Non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment in silicone oilfilled eyes

AIM:To evaluate scleral buckling(SB)surgery using a noncontact wide-field viewing system and 23-gauge intraocular illumination for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in silicone oil(SO)-filled eyes.METHODS:Totally 9 patients(9 eyes)with retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted buckling surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination.SO was removed at an appropriate time based on recovery.The patients were followed up for at least 3mo after SO removal.Retinal reattachment,complications,visual acuity and intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after surgery were observed.RESULTS:Patients were followed up for a mean of 8.22mo(3-22mo)after SO removal.All patients had retinal reattachment.At the final follow-up,visual acuity showed improvement for 8 patients,and no change for 1 patient.The IOP was high in 3 patients before surgery,but it stabilized after treatment;it was not affected in the other patients.None of the patients had infections,hemorrhage,anterior ischemia,or any other complication.CONCLUSION:This new non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted SB surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination is effective and safe for retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes.

Efficacy of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using a novel foldable capsular buckle

●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation studies.Eighteen patients(18 eyes)who visited our ophthalmology department between August 2020 and August 2022 and were treated for RRD with scleral buckling using FCB were included.The procedure was similar to conventional scleral buckling,while a balloon-like FCB was placed onto the retinal break with balanced salt solution filling for a broad,external indentation instead of the silicone buckle.The retinal reattachment rate,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive dioptre and astigmatism degree,and complications were evaluated and recorded.●RESULTS:There were 7 males and 11 females aged 19-58y.The average time course of RRD was 12d,ranging from 7-20d.The retinal break was located in the superior quadrants in 8 eyes and in the inferior quadrants in 10 eyes,with macula-off detachments in 12 eyes.The patients were followed-up for at least 6mo.The final retinal reattachment rate was 100%.The BCVA was significantly improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05).There was no significant change in refractive dioptre or astigmatism degree at each follow-up(all P>0.05).Three patients had transiently high IOPs within one week after surgery.Mild diplopia occurred in 5 patients after surgery and then disappeared after the balloon fluid was removed.●CONCLUSION:The success rate of FCB scleral buckling for RRD is satisfactory.This procedure can be expected to be applied in new,uncomplicated cases of RRD.

A finite element model of the eye matched with in vitro experiments for the prediction of traumatic retinal detachment

This study aimed to conduct finite element(FE)analysis matched with an in vitro experiment to analyze traumatic retinal detachments(TrRD)resulting from blunt trauma and provide stress and strain thresholds to predict the occurrence of TrRD.The in vitro experiment was performed on forty-eight porcine eyes using a pendulum device.We examined dynamic mechanical responses at four energy levels.A FE model,based on experimental results and published data,was used to simulate TrRD.Fifty-one additional eyes underwent immediate pathological examination following blunt impact.A dynamic variation of velocities was observed post-impact,displaying an approximate cosine oscillation-attenuation profile.Energy absorption increased as the initial energy and differed significantly at four energy levels(p<0.001).FE simulation showed a peak strain of 0.462 in the anterior vitreous body and a peak stress of 1.408 MPa at the cornea at the high-energy level.During the energy transfer,the stress was initially observed in retinal region along the impact direction at the separation.TrRD were observed in injured eyes,where a few detachments were detected in control eyes.Correlations were performed between the proportion of pathological outcomes and FE results.In conclusion,this study suggests that stress contributes to the development of retinal detachment,providing an indicator to distinguish the occurrence of TrRD.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lens

AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics,treatment methods and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lens(ICL).METHODS:High myopia patients who received treatment for nontraumatic RRD after ICL implantation surgery at the Retinal Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from Jan 2018 to Dec 2022 were reviewed.Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including visual acuity measurement and digital fundus photography were performed in each patient.RESULTS:A total of nine RRD eyes from nine patients who received V4c-ICL implantation were included.The mean time from ICL implantation surgery to the diagnosis of RRD was 32.44±22.56mo(range,1-60mo).At the initial visit for RRD,giant retinal tear(GRT),horseshoe tear,simple round hole,and horseshoe tear combined with round hole were detected in 3,3,2,and 1 eye(s),respectively,with maculaoff in eyes.Eight patients received surgical treatment,and one patient was treated by retinal laser photocoagulation alone.The ICL was preserved in 7 eyes.At the last followup,the mean best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)improved significantly from 1.76±1.06 logMAR at presentation to 0.81±1.01 logMAR(P=0.035),and no case of recurrent retinal detachment was found.CONCLUSION:The morphological presentation of retinal breaks is diverse in this study.The ICL can be preserved in most cases during the course of retinal detachment repair surgery in our data,companied with acceptable visual and anatomical outcomes.

Left atrial appendage occluder detachment treated with transthoracic ultrasound combined with digital subtraction angiography guided catcher:A case report

BACKGROUND There are very few cases of cardiac occluder detachment,and it is rare to completely remove the occluder using interventional methods without undergoing thoracotomy surgery after detachment.This case innovatively used ultrasound guidance combined with digital subtraction angiography(DSA)to completely remove the occluder,accumulating some experience.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent left atrial appendage occlusion surgery in our hospital due to atrial fibrillation.After the surgery,the occluder fell off and became free in the left ventricle,which is very dangerous.We innovatively used ultrasound guidance,combined with DSA,and interventional surgery to successfully capture the free occluder using a catcher,completely remove it,and then re implant a new left atrial appendage occluder.After the surgery,the patient recovered very well.CONCLUSION The size selection of the occluder is slightly conservative,and the shape of the left atrial appendage opening is irregular.

电极振动对光电催化分解水气泡动力学的影响

为解决光电催化分解水反应器中气泡长时间附着于光电极表面,从而导致有效活化面积减少和产气效率下降的问题,构建耦合振动系统的光电分解水制氢气泡动力学可视化实验平台,提出通过给电极施加不同振幅和频率振动以加速气泡脱离光电极表面的方法。首先,记录静止电极表面单个气泡演化过程中的电信号和几何参数;然后,对比不同频率及振幅下气泡生长过程中电流和电势的变化情况;最后,分析振动对气泡几何特性的影响。研究结果表明:振动频率和振幅的增加能够提高反应过程中的光电流,降低电势,使得反应阻力下降;增加振动频率和振幅均能显著减小气泡脱离尺寸,从而加速气泡的脱离;当振动频率为70 Hz时,施加振动后气泡的脱离直径比无振动时最大减小了321μm,减小幅度约为48%;施加振动后,气泡直径为生长时间的幂函数,且气泡生长依次受惯性和化学反应控制。该研究可为光电催化分解水反应器的优化设计提供新思路。

扩展量子阱中负离子的光剥离动力学

本研究运用经典闭合轨道理论(COT)深入探究了扩展量子阱中的氢负离子的光剥离动力学,并推导出了相应的光剥离截面(PCS)表达式.由于量子囚禁效应,剥离截面上出现一个与量子阱有关的振荡因子.结果显示光剥离截面的振荡因子对扩展量子阱的阱壁速率的依赖极为敏感:当量子阱处于静态时,光剥离截面呈现出规则的锯齿状结构.当阱壁开始移动后,这种规则的锯齿结构变得不规则.随着阱壁移动速率的增大,PCS中的振荡结构变化复杂.此外光剥离截面中的振荡还与氢负离子与两个运动阱壁之间的初始距离即阱宽紧密相关:阱宽越窄,电子被局域的空间越狭小,电子受到的量子约束越强,截面上的振荡振幅越大,当阱宽增大时,电子受到的量子约束效应就会减弱,当阱宽增大到一定程度时,量子阱不再体现出明显的量子约束效应,光剥离截面趋向光滑背景项.因此,通过调整量子阱的初始尺寸、量子阱的扩展速率可实现对扩展量子阱中氢负离子光剥离截面的精确调控.本研究所揭示的现象颇具趣味性,且所采用的方法具有普适性,可为未来针对更复杂动态量子阱中光剥离截面的研究提供指导.

中国赴马里维和医疗分队药品过期情况及分析

目的为我国维和医疗分队药品的筹备和管理提供参考。方法收集某批中国赴马里维和医疗分队任务期(2022年9月1日至2023年8月31日)过期药品相关信息(包括品规数、数量、药品类别、数量超过100盒/支的品规),比较前6个月(A组)和后6个月(B组)的数据差异,并对过期药品数量超过100盒/支的品规进行分类;分析药品过期原因,并提出改进建议。结果过期药品品规共272种,其中A组183种,B组89种;数量16753盒/支,其中A组13798盒/支,B组2955盒/支;药品类别145种,数量超过100盒/支的品规35种,其中A组78种、27种,B组67种、8种。与A组比较,B组过期药品的品规数、数量超过100盒/支的品规数均显著减少(P<0.05),两组药品总数量、药品类别数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。过期药品数量超过100盒/支的品规涉及抗感染药、电解质及营养药、消化系统药等。药品过期原因包括必备应急药品使用少、常规大量使用药品储备量大、医师用药习惯不同、部分药品失效期近、用药指南变化、精神类药品使用限制等。结论合理的药品采购计划,尽量远的药品效期,药品使用中的科学管理均为执行任务中减少药品过期的有效措施,可减少医疗资源的浪费,节约开支。