Detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for the noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal diseases:A prospective,blind clinical study

BACKGROUND Traditional esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD),an invasive examination method,can cause discomfort and pain in patients.In contrast,magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCE),a noninvasive method,is being applied for the detection of stomach and small intestinal diseases,but its application in treating esophageal diseases is not widespread.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of detachable string MCE(ds-MCE)for the diagnosis of esophageal diseases.METHODS Fifty patients who had been diagnosed with esophageal diseases were pros-pectively recruited for this clinical study and underwent ds-MCE and conven-tional EGD.The primary endpoints included the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for patients with esophageal diseases.The secondary endpoints consisted of visualizing the esophageal and dentate lines,as well as the subjects'tolerance of the procedure.RESULTS Using EGD as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for esophageal disease detection were 85.71%,86.21%,81.82%,89.29%,and 86%,respectively.ds-MCE was more comfortable and convenient than EGD was,with 80%of patients feeling that ds-MCE examination was very comfortable or comfortable and 50%of patients believing that detachable string v examination was very convenient.CONCLUSION This study revealed that ds-MCE has the same diagnostic effects as traditional EGD for esophageal diseases and is more comfortable and convenient than EGD,providing a novel noninvasive method for treating esophageal diseases.

Pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial embolization of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula with detachable balloon:An institutional cohort long-term study

BACKGROUND The goal of therapy for traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula(TCCF)is the elimination of fistula while maintaining patency of the parent artery.The treatment for TCCF has evolved from surgery to endovascular management using detachable balloons,coils,liquid embolic agents,covered stents,or flow-diverter stent through arterial or venous approaches.Despite the withdrawal of detachable balloons from the market in the United States since 2004,transarterial embolization with detachable balloons has currently remained the best initial treatment for TCCF in several countries.However,the pseudoaneurysm formation following transarterial detachable balloon embolization has rarely been observed in long-term follow-up.AIM To determine the occurrence and long-term follow-up of pseudoaneurysm after transarterial detachable balloon for TCCF.METHODS Between January 2009 and December 2019,79 patients diagnosed with TCCF were treated using detachable latex balloons(GOLDBAL)of four sizes.Pseudoaneurysm sizes were stratified into five grades for analysis.Initial and follow-up assessments involved computed tomography angiography at 1 month,6 month,1 year,and longer intervals for significant cases.Clinical follow-ups occurred semi-annually for 2 years,then annually.Factors analyzed included sex,age,fistula size and location,and balloon size.RESULTS In our cohort of 79 patients treated for TCCF,pseudoaneurysms formed in 67.1%,with classifications ranging from grade 0 to grade 3;no grade 4 or giant pseudoaneurysms were observed.The majority of pseudoaneurysms did not progress in size,and some regressed spontaneously.Calcifications developed in most large pseudoaneurysms over 5-10 years.Parent artery occlusion occurred in 7.6%and recurrent fistulas in 16.5%.The primary risk factors for pseudoaneurysm formation were identified as the use of specific balloon sizes,with balloon SP and No.6 significantly associated with its occurrence(P=0.005 and P=0.002,respectively),whereas sex,age,fistula size,location,and the number of balloons used were not significant predictors.CONCLUSION Pseudoaneurysm formation following detachable balloon embolization for TCCF is common,primarily influenced by the size of the balloon used.Despite this,all patients with pseudoaneurysms remained asymptomatic during long-term follow-up.

Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Cervical Exfoliated Cells

To screen patients with early cervical lesions by analyzing the infection of high-risk Human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Research Methods: The cervical exfoliated cell specimens and their clinical data were collected. The HPV infection types of the collected specimens were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the correlation between HPV infection and clinicopathological features was analyzed statistically. Results: 725 cases were HR-HPV positive from 2605 cases, including 15 high-risk types of HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68. Different histological types ranged from NILM to HSIL, and the positive rate of HPV showed an increasing trend with the aggravation of cervical lesions. Conclusion: The positive rate of 15 high-risk HPV types in the collected specimens was 27.8%. Patients with early cervical lesions could be screened for 15 high-risk HPV infection types.

Transplantation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth for bone regeneration in the dog mandibular defect

AIM: To investigate the effect of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED) transplanted for bone regeneration in the dog mandibular defect.METHODS: In this prospective comparative study, SHEDs had been isolated 5 years ago from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. The undifferentiated stem cells were seeded into mandibular bone through-andthrough defects of 4 dogs. Similar defects in control group were filled with cell-free collagen scaffold. After 12 wk, biopsies were taken and morphometric analysis was performed. The percentage of new bone formation and foreign body reaction were measured in each case. The data were subject to statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskalwalis statistical tests. Differences at P < 0.05 was considered as significant level.RESULTS: There were no significant differences between control and SHED-seeded groups in connective tissue(P = 0.248), woven bone(P = 0.248) and compact bone(P = 0.082). There were not any side effects in transplanted SHED group such as teratoma or malignancy and abnormalities in this period.CONCLUSION: SHEDs which had been isolated and characterized 5 years ago and stored with cryopreservation banking were capable of proliferation and osteogenesis after 5 years, and no immune response was observed after three months of seeded SHEDs.

Absorption and Photocataly tic Degradation of Machine Oil by Exfoliated Graphite-Supported Nanometer TiO2 Material

By loading nanometer anatase onto exfoliated graphite with the sol-gel method, exfoliated graphite-TiO2 composite （EG-TiO2） can be prepared, which can adsorb oil and can also degrade oil. In a technologic condition for preparing EG-TiO2, the impregnated number of times is the most important factor to influence oil-adsorbing capability, that is, when the impregnated number of times increases, the amount of saturation-adsorbed oil decreases. The study of EG-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of machine oil based on the weight-loss method and infrared spectrum method indicates that EG-TiO2 has obvious effect of photocatalytic degradation for machine oil. Its performance is superior to pure nanometer TiO2 powder because nanometer TiO2 in EG-TiO2 has three-dimension laminar structure and comparatively high adsorption capability.

Sorption Behaviours of Exfoliated Graphite

Exfoliated graphite (EG) is selected as a new kind of sorbent to sorb heavy oil spilled. In order to make use of EG more effectively, some basic experiments are performed to investigate its sorption properties, i.e. , specific sorption, height of saturation layer, sorption time constant. In the present experiments, A grade heavy oil is employed as a standard sorbate. It is concluded that 1) under the condition that the area of solid (filter bottom) liquid (heavy oil) interface is a constant, specific sorption usually decreases when the amount of EG filled or the apparent bulk density increase; however, the specific sorption initially increases when the apparent bulk density is too low and the amount of EG filled is too much; 2) under the condition that the apparent bulk density of EG filled is a constant, the sorption time constant tends to increase when the amount of EG filled increases; however, for a constant amount of EG filled, the sorption time constant will decrease when the apparent bulk density increases.

Synthesis and Characterization of Exfoliated Graphite/ABS Composites

Exfoliated graphite was prepared by chemical route and then further subjected to thermal oxidation and sonication for size reduction and increased interlayer spacing in natural flake graphite. Exfoliated graphite/ABS composites were pre-pared with varying filler concentration by solution casting method. Exfoliated graphite and composites were character-ised by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry techniques. After thermal exfoliation significant peak of graphite at 2? = 26.4? disappeared completely, confirming successful exfoliation of graphite. SEM images revealed homogeneous dispersion of exfoliated graphite in the matrix and EDAX confirmed successful reduction of graphite oxide.

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth ameliorate concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by protecting hepatocytes from apoptosis

BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious autoimmune liver disease that threatens human health worldwide,which emphasizes the urgent need to identify novel treatments.Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth(SHED),which are easy to obtain in a non-invasive manner,show pronounced proliferative and immunomodulatory capacities.AIM To investigate the protective effects of SHED on concanavalin A(ConA)-induced hepatitis in mice,and to elucidate the associated regulatory mechanisms.METHODS We used a ConA-induced acute hepatitis mouse model and an in vitro co-culture system to study the protective effects of SHED on ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis,as well as the associated underlying mechanisms.RESULTS SHED infusion could prevent aberrant histopathological liver architecture caused by ConA-induced infiltration of CD3+,CD4+,tumor necrosis-alpha+,and interferon-gamma+inflammatory cells.Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated in hepatitis mice.SHED infusion could therefore block ConA-induced alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase elevations.Mechanistically,ConA upregulated tumor necrosisalpha and interferon-gamma expression,which was activated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway to induce hepatocyte apoptosis,resulting in acute liver injury.SHED administration protected hepatocytes from ConA-induced apoptosis.CONCLUSION SHED alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury via inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis mediated by the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway.Our findings could provide a potential treatment strategy for hepatitis.

Usefulness of the Guglielmi detachable coil for embolization of a systemic venous collateral after Fontan operation:A case report

Embolization of collateral veins is often treated with rigid coils(Gianturco and interlocking detachable coils type).However,when dealing with tortuous and dilated collateral veins,there is a high risk for technical failure and coil migration due to inflexibility of the coils.To safely and successfully solve this problem,Guglielmi detachable coils(GDC) can be used for embolization.Their flexibility allows for easy navigation in tortuous veins,low risk of unintended coil release or coil migration,and safe deployment.A 12-year-old girl with a single ventricle had severe cyanosis and a low exercise tolerance 5 years after Fontan procedure.The symp-toms were caused by a tortuous and dilated collateral from the left phrenic vein into the left pulmonary vein,forming a right-to-left shunt.The collateral,which had a large diameter and high flow,and therefore a high risk of coil migration,was successfully embolized with 8 GDC.There were no complications such as coil migration or cerebral infarction.Transcatheter embolization increased her systemic oxygen saturation from 81%-84% to 94%-95%,and increased her ability to exercise.The embolization procedure using flexible GDC was low risk compared with other rigid coil embolization techniques when performing embolization of tortuous and dilated collateral veins.

High-Density Polyethylene Based on Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets/Nano-Magnesium Oxide: An Investigation of Thermal Properties and Morphology

In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (xGnP) composites reinforced with a 2 wt.% concentration of nano-magnesia (n-MgO) were fabricated using an injection moulding machine. The thermal properties and morphological structures of the composites were investigated. The XRD results showed the peaks of xGnP and n-MgO, where the intensity of the xGnP peaks became stronger with adding increasing amounts of xGnP into the polymermatrix. In terms of morphology, some agglomeration of particles was observed within the matrix, and the agglomeration decreased the thermal properties of the composites. The nanocomposites showed less thermal stability than the pristine polymer. The reduction in the onset temperature compared to that of neat HDPE was attributed to less adhesion between the fillers and the matrix. In addition, the crystallinity was reduced by the addition of fillers.

Development of Cu-Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets (xGnP) Metal Matrix Composite by Powder Metallurgy Route

In the present investigation the possibility of using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) as reinforcement in order to enhance the mechanical properties of Cu-based metal matrix composites is explored. Cu-based metal matrix composites reinforced with different amounts of xGnP were fabricated by powder metallurgy route. The microstructure, sliding wear behaviour and mechanical properties of the Cu-xGnP composites were investigated. xGnP has been synthesized from the graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) through rapid evaporation of the intercalant at an elevated temperature. The thermally exfoliated graphite was later sonicated for a period of 5 h in acetone in order to achieve further exfoliation. The xGnP synthesized was characterized using SEM, HRTEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The Cu and xGnP powder mixtures were consolidated under a load of 565 MPa followed by sintering at 850°C for 2 h in inert atmosphere. Cu-1, 2, 3 and 5 wt% xGnP composites were developed. Results of the wear test show that there is a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the composites up to addition of 2 wt% of xGnP. Hardness, tensile strength and strain at failure of the various Cu-xGnP composites also show improvement upto the addition of 2 wt% xGnP beyond which there is a decrease in these properties. The density of the composites decreases with the addition of higher wt% of xGnP although addition of higher wt% of xGnP leads to higher sinterability and densification of the composites, resulting in higher relative density values. The nature of fracture in the pure Cu as well as the various Cu-xGnP composites was found to be ductile. Nanoplatelets of graphite were found firmly embedded in the Cu matrix in case of Cu-xGnP composites containing low wt% of xGnP.

Hydrothermal exfoliated molybdenum disulfide nanosheets as anode material for lithium ion batteries

Ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets were prepared in high yield using a facile and effective hydrothermal intercalation and exfoliation route. The products were characterized in detail using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the high yield of MoS2 nanosheets with good quality was successfully achieved and the dimensions of the immense nanosheets reached 1 μm-2/zm. As anode material for Li-ion batteries, the as-prepared MoS2 nanosheets electrodes exhibited a good initial capacity of 1190 mAh.g-l and excellent cyclic stability at constant current density of 50 mA.g-1. After 50 cycles, it still delivered reversibly sustained high capacities of 750 mAh.g-1.

Preparation of Exfoliated Low-density Polyethylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Through Melt Extrusion

The effects of ethylene vinyl acetate copelymer （EVA） as a compatibilizer on the dispersion of organically modified montmorillonite（org-MMT） into low-density polyethylene（LDPE） during melt extrusion compounding were studied. The X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that as compared with LDPE, EVA can intercalate more easily into the interlay gallery of org-MMT when the composites contain a low org-MMT content. Exfoliated LDPE/org-MMT nanocompesites in the presence of an EVA compatibilizer could be prepared by using a two-step melt compounding technique with a twin-screw extruder.

Functionalized Exfoliated Graphene Oxide as Supercapacitor Electrodes

Functionalized exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO) for supercapacitor electrodes have been synthesized by simple chemical methods from the exfoliated graphite (EG) as precursor. Structural and morphological characterizations of EGO have been carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical performance of these electrodes has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated supercapacitor gave a specific capacitance of 146 Fg-1 and energy density of 20 Wh·kg-1 for a highly oxidized sample with more functional groups compared to pure, lower level oxidized and reduced samples. The single and multi layered graphene oxide sheets produced by this method have a lower degree of agglomeration. We found that the graphene oxide with functional oxygen groups of quinine type enhances the capacitance compared to other oxygen functional groups.

Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula using Guglielmi detachable coil

BackgroundCoronary 动脉管(CAF ) 是一个稀罕异例。Transcatheter CAF 闭合用各种各样的材料被介绍了，但是仅仅很少数据在 Guglielmi 可拆卸的卷(GDC ) 上是可得到的。为 transcatheter CAF 闭合使用 GDC 的优点是更可控制的，因此安全得多什么时候与另外的卷相比。这份报告关于我们在用在我们的 hospital.Methods &#x00026 的 fibered GDC 的 CAF 的 transcatheter 闭合的经验；ResultsFrom 2002 到 2007，有有 CAF 的 10 个病人(年龄范围：28 ～ 56 27 岁的孩子， 7 男性) 经历了 transcatheter CAF 闭合。有发源从的 19 CAF 的一个总数恰好冠(n = 5 ) ，左降声调符号(n = 3 ) ，左前面的下降动脉(n = 10 ) 并且左主要箱子(n = 1 ) 。为每管的卷推广的中部的数字是 3 (范围：1 ～ 6 ) 。肺的动脉是 CAF 的远侧的通讯的最普通的地点(n = 14 ) ，由正确中庭列在后面(n = 3 ) ，左中庭(n = 1 ) 并且左室(n = 1 ) 。在 GDC 推广以后的立即的冠的 angiography 没在 12 揭示剩余分流(63.2%) CAF，在 5 的流动(26.3%) 的重要减小，当(10.5%) 2 不能由于小尺寸被关上时。九(90%) 病人们在 3 ～ 8 个月以内经历了重复 angiography。在 12 CAF 之中，那被堵塞立即推广以后，有有不足道的剩余流动的 2 CAF。在有显著地减少的流动的 6 CAF 之中立即推广以后， 2 在后续 angiography 完全被堵塞。总共， 12 (70.5%) CAF 完全被堵塞并且 5 (29.5%) CAF 仍然有不足道的剩余流动，它不需要任何另外的卷推广。在一个平均数期间列在后面在上面 4.3 &#x000b1；0.7 年，所有病人仍然是症状和复杂并发症 free.ConclusionsThe fibered GDC 是为 CAF 的经皮的闭合的一个安全、有效的方法。

Synthesis of nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on exfoliated graphite for removal of nitrate

Nano ZVI particles supported on micro-scale exfoliated graphite were prepared by using KBH4 as reducing agent in the H2O/ethanol system. The supported ZVI materials generally have higher activity and greater flexibility for environmental remediation applications. The exfoliated graphite as the support was treated beforehand to hydrophilic material. Nano iron particles are deposited onto the rough graphite surface while those were formed by borohydride reduction. The possible nitrate reduction pathways were proposed. The TEM image shows that iron particles are highly dispersed on the surface of graphite and several of iron particles are imbedded in the pit of support surface. In this synthesis, iron particles have a nearly spherical shape with a grain size of 50?100 nm. The surface areas of materials with different iron loadings of 3.5%, 7.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0%(mass fraction) are 2.89, 9.55, 8.45, 23.8 and 6.18 m2·g?1 by BET surface analyzer. The chemical reduction of nitrate by supported nano ZVI in aqueous solution were tested in series batch experiments. Experiment results suggest that NO3? can be more rapidly reduced to NH4+ at neutral pH and anaerobic conditions by supported nano ZVI than unsupported nano ZVI or ZVI scraps. The 15% nano Fe/graphite shows the best reduction efficiency contrasted with other Fe loading particles.

Graphene Oxide/Multilayer-Graphene Synthesized from Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphite and Its Influence on Mechanical Behavior of Polyurethane Composites

Graphene Oxide/Multilayer-Graphene (GO-MG) flakes were obtained using an electrochemically exfoliated graphite (GR) electrode from secondary steel-making industry performed in a two-electrode system using tungsten as the counter electrode and GR as the working electrode. The exfoliated GO-MG flakes were processed and incorporated in an elastomeric polyurethane (PU) matrix. The mechanical properties of the PU/GO-MG composites were evaluated and compared with equivalent composites made of PU/GR powder. From experimental data analysis it was concluded that GO-MG flakes were approximately composed of 67 wt% GO and 33 wt% MG. The number of layers in the graphene flakes was estimated to be between 2 and 5 sheets. PU showed a breaking stress of 570 kPa, while the PU/20wt% GR attained a maximum stress of 750 kPa as compared to PU/10wt% GO-MF composite exhibiting a breaking stress of 1060 kPa.

Exfoliated multi-layered graphene anode with the broadened delithiation voltage plateau below 0.5 V

The commercial graphite(CG)is the conventional anode material for lithium ion batteries(LIBs)due to its low delithiation voltage plateau(below 0.5 V)and extraordinary durability.Nevertheless,the further promotion of energy density of LIBs is restricted by the limited capacity below 0.5 V of CG.Here,based on the supercritical CO2 exfoliation technique,the production of multi-layered graphene(MLG)is achieved from the pilot scale production line.The great merit of the exfoliated MLG anode is that the voltage plateau below 0.5 V is broadened obviously as compared to those of natural graphite and CG.Additionally,no obvious lithium dendrites are observed for MLG during the lithiation process.The large delithiation capacity under the low voltage plateau of MLG is mainly benefited from the combination of Li intercalation and boundary storage mechanism,which is further confirmed by the density functional theory calculations.The LiFePO4/MLG full cell can afford the satisfactory electrochemical property with respect to the capacity,energy density and ultralong cycling stability(90%capacity retention after 500 cycles at 2 C),significantly better than that of LiFePO4/CG.Besides,this developed technique not only dedicates to producing the high-performance anode for LIBs but also opens a door for the mass production of MLG in the industrial scale.

INITIAL COMPARISON OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM EMBOLIZATION WITH MECHANICAL DETACHABLE SPIRALS AND WITH GUGLIELMI DETACHABLE COILS

Objective.To compare the embolization effects of intracranial aneurysms with mechanical detachable spirals(MDS) and with Guglielmi detachable coils(GDC).Methods.One hundred and twenty cases with 125 intracranial aneurysms were embolized in Beijing Hospital from March 1995 to July 1999.Sixty-six aneursms in 64 cases were embolized with MDS,51 in 48 with GDC, and 8 in 8 with both MDS and GDC.Clinical data includng sex,age,subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),Hunt & Hess grading,diameter and neck width of aneurysms,number and length of coils used per aneurysm,occlusive radio,and complications were compared between MDS and groups.Results.MDS and GDC groups were comparable(t-test or X^2 -test ,all P value>0.10） in terms of age,sex,diameter of aneurysms[(8.46±3.42)mm vs.(7.38±3.45)mm],neck width[(3.49±1.50)mm vs.（3.26±1.52)mm],coils number [(4.65±3.01)vs.(4.24±2.65)] and their length[(460.2±398.5)mm vs.(422.9±387.1)mm] used per aneurysm,occlusive ratio in aneurysms embolized≥80%[(95.00±6.32%)vs.(94.19%±7.63%)],mortality and permanent complications(7.8% vs.4.25）。Couclusions,MDS and GDC are all materials for embolization of intracranial aneurysms.MDS is less expensive,but more difficult to control and of propensity to complications while GDC is more compliant ,easier to be used,safer,and have many alternative types for use as well as more extensive indications.

Significance of cyclin E, p16ink4a and ki67 Overexpression in Cervical Exfoliated-cell Specimens for Primary Screening of HPV-related Cervical Carcinoma

The aim of this study is to investigate cyclin E, pl6ink4a and ki67 as possible diagnostic biomarkers for cervical preneoplasia using cervical exfoliated-cell specimens, and evaluate the significance for screening patients at high risk of de- veloping cervical carcinoma. The expression of cyclin E, p16ink4a and ki67 was examinated in 78 cervical exfoliated epithe- lial specimens diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCIIS) (12 cases), cervical intraepithe- lial neoplasia (CIN) of type 1 (17 cases), CIN2-3(38 cases) and invasive carcinoma (11 cases) using immunohistochemical analysis, and simultaneously, the DNA status of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16/18 was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using type specific primers, cyclin E, pl6ink4a and ki67 were all overexpressed in CINs and invasive carci- noma, compared with little expression in ASCUS ( P < 0.005). Overexpression of cyclin E was observed in CIN1 (94.1 % , x2 = 21.16, P < 0.01), and pl6ink4a and ki67 were overexpressed in invasive carcinoma (100% and 90.9% respective- ly) . The degree of pl6ink4a and ki67 expression correlated well with that of epithelial lesions ( P < 0.005). HPV16/18 infec- tion was assessed in CINs and invasive carcinoma samples, and revealed a significant relationship with the degree of cervical epithelial lession. The expression level of pl6ink4a and ki67 seemed more closely associated with HPV16 infection than that of cyclin E ( r s = 1.0 vs rs = 0 . 4 ) . Only 1 case in CIN, and 4 cases in CIN2-3 of HPV18 positive samples were detected. Therefore no statistical significance was found by statistical analysis. Overexpression of cyclin E, p16ink4a and ki67 in CINs and invasive carcinoma cells demonstrates the potential use of cyclin E, p16ink4a and ki67 as diagnostic biomarkers for HPV-related cervical neoplastic lesions. In addition, this technique can be used for screening patients at high risk of devel- oping cervical carcinoma.