Solubility of iron(Ⅲ) and nickel(Ⅱ) acetylacetonates in supercritical carbon dioxide

As a common precursor for supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))deposition techniques,solubility data of organometallic complexes in scCO_(2)is crucial for the preparation of nanocomposites.Recently,metal acetylacetonates have shown great potential for the preparation of single-atom catalytic materials.In this study,the solubilities of iron(Ⅲ)acetylacetonate(Fe(acac)3)and nickel(Ⅱ)acetylacetonate(Ni(acac)2)were measured at the temperature from 313.15 to 333.15 K and in the pressure range of 9.5–25.2 MPa to accumulate new solubility data.Solubility was measured using a static weight loss method.The semi-empirical models proposed by Chrastil and Sung et al.were used to correlate the solubility data of Fe(acac)3 and Ni(acac)2.The equations obtained can be used to predict the solubility of the same system in the experimental range.

Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Iron (III) with p-Amino-N,N-Dimethylaniline Dihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide

A new, simple and highly sensitive kinetic method for the determination oftrace iron (III) has been developed based on the catalytic effect of iron (III) on colorreaction of p-amino-N, N-dimethylaniline dihydrochloride (p-DMA) oxidated by hydrogenperoxide. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbanceat 510 nm. The detection limit is 4.47×10-11 g/ml, and the calibration curve is linear inthe range of 0-0.10μg Fe(III) /25 ml with a relative standard deviation of ±3.25%. Themethod has been applied to the determination of iron in tap-water, chemical reagents andhuman hair.

Simultaneous Determination of Iron and Manganese in Water Using Artificial Neural Network Catalytic Spectrophotometric Method

A new analytical method using Back-Propagation (BP) artificial neural network and kinetic spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of iron and magnesium in tap water, the Yellow River water and seawater is established. By conditional experiments, the optimum analytical conditions and parameters are obtained. Levenberg-Marquart (L-M) algorithm is used for calculation in BP neural network. The topological structure of three-layer BP ANN network architecture is chosen as 15-16-2 (nodes). The initial value of gradient coefficient μ is fixed at 0.001 and the increase factor and reduction factor of μ take the default values of the system. The data are processed by computers with our own programs written in MATLAB 7.0. The relative standard deviation of the calculated results for iron and manganese is 2.30% and 2.67% respectively. The results of standard addition method show that for the tap water, the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 98.0%-104.3% and 96.5%-104.5%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.23%-0.98%; for the Yellow River water (Lijin district of Shandong Province), the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 96.0%-101.0% and 98.7%-104.2%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.13%-2.52%; for the seawater in Qingdao offshore, the recoveries of iron and manganese are in the ranges of 95.3%-104.8% and 95.3%-104.7%, and the RSD is in the range of 0.14%-2.66%. It is found that 21 common cations and anions do not interfere with the determination of iron and manganese under the optimum experimental conditions. This method exhibits good reproducibility and high accuracy in the determination of iron and manganese and can be used for the simultaneous determination of iron and manganese in tap water and natural water. By using the established ANN- catalytic spectrophotometric method, the iron and manganese concentrations of the surface seawater at 11 sites in Qingdao offshore are determined and the level distribution maps of iron and manganese are drawn.

Determination of Iron in Layered Crystal Sodium Disilicate and Sodium Silicate by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Boric Acid as a Matrix Modifier

The effects of matrix silicate and experimental conditions on the determination of iron in flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS） were investigated. It was found that boric acid as a matrix modifier obviously eliminated silicate interference. Under the optimum operating conditions, the determination results of iron in layered crystal sodium disilicate and sodium silicate samples by FAAS were satisfactory. The linear range of calibration curve is 0-10.5 μg.mL^-1, the relative standard deviation of method is 1.2%-2.2%, the recovery of added iron is 96.0%- 101%, the sensitivity is 0.19 μg.mL^-l and the detection limit is 77 ng.mL^-1. The effect of the determination of iron of the standard curve method, standard addition calibration and colorimetry method was the same, but the first has the merits of rapid sample preparation, reduced contamination risks and fast analysis.

Determination of Trace Iron in High Purity Sodium Fluoride by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A method is described for the direct determination of iron in high purity sodium fluoride using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Interferences caused by the matrix are investigated. It is shown that the ashing temperature can be increased to 1 400°C and matrix interferences eliminated, the sensitivity of iron increased in 1. 27 fold by the addition of nickel nitrate. The method is applied to the determination of iron in sodium fluoride and satisfactory results are obtained.

A novel kinetic procedure for the determination of iron in environmental samples

A novel kinetic procedure for the determination of trace iron(Ⅲ) was proposed based on the aerial oxidation of Gallocyanine by oxygen dissolved in water at pH 7 0. The calibration graph is linear for 0 05—0.6 μg/ml, and the detection limit is 0 01μg/ml (Fe). The present procedure is selective for iron(Ⅲ) and very easy to control compared with kinetic procedures for iron. It had been used to the determination of trace iron in environmental samples, and the results were satisfactory.

AXIAL LIGATION AND ESR STUDIES OF 2－BENZENIMI DAZOLETHIOL －LINKED IRON（III） PORPHYRINS

The axial ligation properties of 2-benzenimidazolethiol-linked iron(III)porphyrins are presented along with their ESR studies

Syrup versus Drops of Iron III Hydroxide Polymaltose in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia of Infancy

Background: Iron deficiency anemia in infants is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. The main cause is low iron intake in the presence of accelerated physiologic growth rate. Objective: The current study aimed at prospectively comparing the efficacy of iron III hydroxide polymaltose syrup (IPS) versus iron III hydroxide polymaltose drops (IPD) in treating iron deficiency among infants attending the hematology outpatient clinic. Our hypothesis was that IPS would be less effective possibly related to the difficulty of giving the medication. Methods: Participants diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia between 11-24 months were randomly assigned to receive either IPS or IPD for 3 months. The main outcome parameter was hemoglobin blood level, while the secondary outcome parameters were: 1) iron;2) ferritin;3) transferrin (i.e.?total iron binding capacity);4) mean corpuscular volume;and 5) red blood cell distribution width. Results: Out of the 104 recruited infants, 55 (52%) completed the study: 29 in the IPS group and26 inthe IPD group. There was no significant difference in the main outcome parameter at either 1 or 3 months of treatment: mean hemoglobin was 10.5 versus 10.7 g/dL within a 1 month treatment, P = 0.4;mean hemoglobin was 11.0 versus 11.1 g/dL within a 3 months of treatment, P = 0.59. Likewise, no significant differences were found with respect to the occurrence of side effects. Conclusion: Oral IPD and IPS are equally effective in treating iron deficiency anemia in infants aged 11 - 24 months.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Tris(N-p-methylphenyl-3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyridinonato)iron(III)

The complex [Fe(C14H14NO2)3]2H2O has been prepared by reaction of N-p-methylphenyl-3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-4-pyridinone with FeCl36H2O. A single-crystal X-ray study shows that the iron atoms lie in a trigonally distorted octahedral environment coordinated to the hydroxy and ketone oxygen atoms of three ligands in the mer configuration Mr=773.57(C42H46N3O8Fe). The crystal is hexagonal with space group P31c; a=15.943(2), c=17.612(4)? V=3877.0(12)?, Z=4, Dc=1.325g/cm3, m=0.445mm-1, F(000)=1634, R=0.0446, wR= 0.1154 for 3085 reflections with I >2s(I). The bond lengths from iron to oxygens are 1.980(1)?for the ketone oxygens and 2.071(1)?for the hydroxy oxygens. The molecule exhibits the expected propeller shape, and the angle of the trigonal twist is 48.37. The dihedral angles are 0.5(2)?between chelate ring plane and pyridine ring plane and 71.31(7)?between pyridine ring plane and benzene ring plane. The solvent H2O(O(3) and O(4)) molecules are linked with O(2) and O(1) by hydrogen bonds with bond lengths 2.900(1) and 2.999(1)? respectively.

Synthesis, characterization, and stability of iron (III) complex ions possessing phenanthroline-based ligands

It has previously been demonstrated that phenanthroline-based ligands used to make gold metallotherapuetics have the ability to exhibit cytotoxicity when not coordinated to the metal center. In an effort to help assess the mechanism by which these ligands may cause tumor cell death, iron binding and removal experiments have been considered. The close linkage between cell proliferation and intracellular iron concentrations suggest that iron deprivation strategies may be a mechanism involved in inhibiting tumor cell growth. With the creation of iron (III) phen complexes, the iron binding abilities of three polypyridal ligands [1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,9-dimethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (methylphen), and 2,9-di-sec-butyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (sec-butylphen)] can be tested via a competition reaction with a known iron chelator. Therefore, iron (III) complexes possessing all three ligands were synthesized. Initial mass spectrometric and infrared absorption data indicate that iron (III) tetrachloride complex ions with protonated phen ligands (RphenH+) were formed: [phenH][FeCl4], [methylphenH][FeCl4], [sec-butylphenH][FeCl4]. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the stability of the complex ions, and it was found that the sec-butylpheniron complex was more stable than the phen and methylphen analogues. This was based on the observation that free ligand was observed immediately upon the addition of EDTA to the [phenH][FeCl4] and [methylphenH] [FeCl4] complex ions.

Structural Analysis of Magnesium-Aluminium Hydrotalcites Modified with Iron III Obtained by Hydroxide Precipitation Method

Hydrotalcite-type anionic clays are a group of important materials used in adsorption processes, mainly for organic pollutants removal due the layered double hydroxide structure. The layer-interlayer interactions provide a structural memory even after dehydration and dehydroxylation process, since a very stable interlayer anions are part of material composition, like the carbonate one. A limited numbers of trivalent modifier cations can replace the aluminium cation due the ionic radii mismatch or oxidation state restrictions. Transition metal cations can replace the aluminium one in octahedral site of hydroxide lamellas in order to improve the adsorptive behaviors. In this work, we have investigate three compositions of carbonated magnesium-aluminium hydrotalcite with dif-ferent iron (III) contents through the co-precipitation method at pH 11 and aging step at 60°C for 6 hours. Thermal analysis was performed aiming the determination of the hydration water and hydroxyl amounts in dried precipitate samples, taking in account the results obtained for X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption characterization for several thermally treated samples. All of synthesized samples showed high surface areas, even for high temperature of thermal treatment. The co-substitution with iron (III) reduced the temperature of dehydration and dehydroxylation process, but the co-substitution at 5 mol% provides other desirables characteristics, like a more amount of rhombohedral HDL phase and higher porosity, even after the thermal treatment at 500°C for 4 hours. This result makes that composition very applicable as a reusable adsorbent material in order to removal several types of micro-pollutant compounds in aqueous media.

Determination of Iron（Ⅱ）, Iron（Ⅲ） and Total Iron in Some β -Thalassemia Patients Using Different Analytical Techniques

There are many well-known analytical methods for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ）. Among these methods： Gravimetric, titrimetric, potentiometric, conductometric and batch and flow-injection spectrophotometric methods. In present study, two batch spectrophotometric, atomic absorption spectrometric and biolabo kit methods have been used for determination of iron（Ⅱ）, iron（Ⅲ） and total iron. The present methods have the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost reagent, low operation cost, simplicity, speed and their applications for determination of iron（Ⅱ） and iron（Ⅲ） in some serum samples of normal human and fl-thalasemia patients in Erbil city. For the first time especially in Erbil city attempts were made to use zero, first and second derivative spectra to identify the serum samples of some β-thallasemia patients from the normal human serum samples due to the appearance and resolution of peaks in both cases.

Kinetics on Thermal Decomposition of Iron(III) Complexes of 1,2-Bis(Imino-4’-Antipyrinyl)Ethane with Varying Counter Anions

A comparative thermal decomposition kinetic investigation on Fe(III) complexes of a antipyrine Schiff base ligand, 1,2-Bis(imino-4’-antipyrinyl)ethane (GA)), with varying counter anions viz. CIO4-, NO3-, SCN-, Cl-, and Br-, has been done by thermogravimetric analysis by using Coats-Redfern equation. The kinetic parameters like activation energy (E), pre-exponential factor (A) and entropy of activation (ΔS) were quantified. On comparing the various kinetic parameters, lower activation energy was observed in second stage as compared to first thermal decomposition stage. The same trend has been observed for pre-exponential factor (A) and entropy of activation (ΔS). The present results show that the starting materials having higher activation energy (E), are more stable than the intermediate products, however;the intermediate products possess well-ordered chemical structure due to their highly negative entropy of activation (ΔS) values. The present investigation proves that the counter anions play an important role on the thermal decomposition kinetics of the complexes.

STUDY ON THE DETERMINATION OF TRACE BISMUTH(III) BY THIN-LAYER RESIN PHASE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

In this paper, a new thin-layer ion-exchange resin phase analytical method is introduced. It is based on that, the bismuthous cation can associate with iodic anions, so as to formed an anion complex [BiI4-] in a strong acidic environments. This anion complex can also exchanges with a weaker anions on the surface active site of anion exchange resin, so that a [R+] [BiI4-] solid phase binary associational system is produced. Owing to the solid system is a great many dispersive particulates, it can be pressed to a thin-layer by press tools of the so called 搕hin-layer resin phase?or 搑esin phase? and using this solid association system spectrophotometry for the determination of trace metals. So it can increase the analytical sensitivity. This association system exhibits maximum absorbance at 460nm, and obeys Beer抯 law over the concentration range 0.01ug/ml^1.20ug/ml of bismuthous(III). It has a molar absorptivity of 7.1×105 [L/mol穋m]. It indicated the resin phase spectrophotometry is a sensitive analytical method for trace bismuthous. It is 18 times higher than routine aqueous spectrophotometry. The relative standard deviations is 1.82% (n=6) for the measurements of 0.5ug/ml Bi(III). The detection limit of Bismuthous(III) is 1.4×10-8mol/L. The method has applied to the analysis Bi(III) in environmental water samples.

An Analysis of Natural Factors Affecting the Dispersal and Establishment of Iron Age III (800-550 B.C)Settlements in the Western Zayandeh- Rud River Basin (West and Northwest of Isfahan)

Humans are always effect to their surroundings,which makes it possible to create habitable environments and create habitat patterns that fit the surrounding environment.The interaction between human being and environment either in the form of human effect on the environment or the environment effect on the human,cannot be considered out of the environment.According to this approach in archaeology,environmental factors have an important role in assessing settlements in each period.In addition to the recognition of the degree of environmental impact,this approach makes the degree of adaptation of the habitats with the dominant environmental conditions possible.As geospatial tools become more powerful,GIS archaeology has evolved as well,making it possible to visualize ancient settlements and analyze changes in the use of space over time.By incorporating historic map data,physical details of an area’s landscape and known information about past inhabitants,archaeologists can accurately predict the positions of sites with cultural,historical relevance.In this research Iron Age III(800-550 B.C)sites in the west and northwest of Isfahan were studied via GIS.The area studied is one of the most important but unknown areas of archaeological research due to its location in the center of the Iranian plateau and a link between the north-west and the south-west of the country.The environmental characteristics of the studied area have attracted the attention of humans since ancient times.Therefore,it was considered necessary to conduct archaeological excavations.To achieve this goal,the area was first studied archaeologically.As a result of this survey,approximately 50 ancient sites were identified which included the statistical population used for analysis.The effect of environmental variables including altitude,slope(percentage and direction),climate,geological structure,distances and proximity to water resources,land use and proximity to communication paths on the distribution of settlements in the study area was investigated.Through analytical-descriptive method,the factors affecting the formation and distribution of the establishment patterns of the period in question were examind.After analyzing the information and maps,the results indicated that among all the factors,three environmental factors were the most important in the formation of ancient settlements of the Iron Age III era in the west and northwest of Isfahan:factors relating to water resources,proximity to communication paths,and slope percentage and direction.

Iron(Ⅲ) phthalocyanine chloride-catalyzed oxidation–aromatization of α,β-unsaturated ketones with hydrazine hydrate: Synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1H-pyrazoles

We have developed an iron（III） phthalocyanine chloride‐catalyzed oxidation–aromatization ofα,β‐unsaturated ketones with hydrazine hydrate. Various 3,5‐disubstituted 1H‐pyrazoles were obtained in good to excellent yields. This method offers several advantages, including room‐tem‐perature conditions, short reaction time, high yields, simple work‐up procedure, and use of air as an oxidant. The catalyst can be recovered and reused five times without loss of activity.

锑氧化菌Pseudomonas sp.AO-1的分离鉴定及其对Sb(III)的氧化性能

采用抗性筛选法从锡矿山筛选出一株锑氧化菌,并利用分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定;考察了其氧化Sb()Ⅲ的性能和氧化次生矿物的特征.结果表明:锑氧化菌属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),将其命名为Pseudomonas sp.AO-1(简称:AO-1);影响AO-1氧化Sb(Ⅲ)的因素主要有溶液pH值、溶解氧和铁锰氧化物(单质铁、FeCl_(3)和MnO_(2))等;AO-1在好氧和缺氧条件下均能氧化Sb(Ⅲ),好氧氧化Sb(Ⅲ)的米门常数Km和最大氧化速率Vmax值分别为393.05µmol/L和0.271µmol/(L·min),体现了较强的锑氧化性;AO-1和铁锰氧化物的耦合作用能促进Sb(Ⅲ)的氧化,且铁锰氧化物促进AO-1氧化Sb(Ⅲ)的速率依次为:FeCl_(3)>MnO_(2)>单质铁;AO-1和铁锰氧化物耦合氧化Sb(Ⅲ)生成含Sb(Ⅴ)的次生矿物,次生矿物会加速Sb(Ⅲ)的氧化以及影响锑在环境中的迁移转化.菌株AO-1的锑氧化性能良好,对于锑的生物化学转化和土壤微生物修复的应用有重要意义.

Sorption Kinetic of Arsenate as Water Contaminant on Zero Valent Iron

This study investigates the sorption of arsenate from water using zero-valent iron ZVI as sorbent. Batch experiments were carried out to study the sorption kinetics of arsenate under different concentrations of arsenate varies from 0.5 to 200 mg/l. A kinetic model was considered to describe the arsenates sorption on ZVI material. The kinetics of the arsenate sorption processes were described by the Langmuir kinetic model. The sorption capacity increases with high initial concentration which obtained the maximum sorption 2.1 mg/g at 200 mg/l of arsenate initial concentration. The results show that the rapid initial sorption rates of arsenate were occurred at the beginning of experiments running time, followed by a slower removal that gradually approaches an equilibrium condition. The data from laboratory batch experiments were used to verify the simulation results of the kinetic model resulting in good agreement between measured and modeled results. The results indicate that ZVI could be employed as sorbent materials to enhance the sorption processes and increase the removal rate of arsenate from water.

Responses of Aerobic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Iron Deficiency

Aerobic rice has the advantage of saving water. Most published work has focused on improving its yield, while few reported on its micronutrient status. In fact, Fe deficiency is a common nutritional problem in the production of aerobic rice. Short- term hydroponic culture experiments were conducted to study the response of aerobic rice to Fe deficiency and the effect of root exudates from Fe-deficient wheat on its Fe uptake ability. The results indicate that the amount of phytosiderophores （PS） released from aerobic rice did not increase under Fe deficient conditions. The Fe（III） reducing capacity of Fe-deficient aerobic rice did not increase and the solution pH did not decrease significantly. What＇s more, no obvious swelling was observed in the root tips. Aerobic rice did not show special responses to improve their Fe nutrition under Fe deficiency as both strategy I and II plants though they were very sensitive to Fe deficiency. This may be a reason which causes Fe deficiency problem in aerobic rice. However, root exudates from Fe-deficient wheat （PSw） could improve its Fe nutrition in the presence of insoluble Fe（OH）3. This suggests that aerobic rice could utilize Fe activated by PSw.

The reaction of the iron thiosulfate-nitrosyl complex with adenosine triphosphoric acid

Iron tetranitrosyl complex bearing the thiosulfate ligand (TNIC) is an efficient nitrogen monoxide donor (NO). He shows antitumor properties and may be used as an original drug for the therapy of acute coronary syndrome. In this work, the reaction of the TNIC with adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) was studied. Formation of the products for the reaction of ATP with TNIC was shown by electronic microscopy. The kinetics of the reaction was controlled by spectrofluorometric method, and the complexation constant was measured. The mechanism of interaction of ATP with TNIC was proposed, and the relevant kinetic model satisfactorily described the experimental data, which permitted to calculate the rate constants for these process stages. NMR, IR, and M?ssbauer studies were used for determination of the reaction product structure. NMR study showed TNIC interaction only with adenine part of ATP. The method of IR spectroscopy identified both the absence NO in the reaction products and the occurrence of new Fe-S and Fe-N bonds. M?ssbauer study showed that iron in the reaction products was presented by two forms: Fe(II) and Fe(III). Thus, the structures for the [ATP-Fe2+S] and [ATP-Fe3+S] complexes were proposed.