Effective point kinetic parameters calculation in Tehran research reactor using deterministic and probabilistic methods

The exact calculation of point kinetic parameters is very important in nuclear reactor safety assessment, and most sophisticated safety codes such as RELAP5, PARCS,DYN3D, and PARET are using these parameters in their dynamic models. These parameters include effective delayed neutron fractions as well as mean generation time.These parameters are adjoint-weighted, and adjoint flux is employed as a weighting function in their evaluation.Adjoint flux calculation is an easy task for most of deterministic codes, but its evaluation is cumbersome for Monte Carlo codes. However, in recent years, some sophisticated techniques have been proposed for Monte Carlo-based point kinetic parameters calculation without any need of adjoint flux. The most straightforward scheme is known as the ‘‘prompt method'' and has been used widely in literature. The main objective of this article is dedicated to point kinetic parameters calculation in Tehran research reactor(TRR) using deterministic as well as probabilistic techniques. WIMS-D5B and CITATION codes have been used in deterministic calculation of forward and adjoint fluxes in the TRR core. On the other hand, the MCNP Monte Carlo code has been employed in the ‘‘prompt method''scheme for effective delayed neutron fraction evaluation.Deterministic results have been cross-checked with probabilistic ones and validated with SAR and experimental data. In comparison with experimental results, the relativedifferences of deterministic as well as probabilistic methods are 7.6 and 3.2%, respectively. These quantities are10.7 and 6.4%, respectively, in comparison with SAR report.

Deterministic and fuzzy-based methods to evaluate community resilience

Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES is a multi-layered framework that defines community resilience using seven dimensions.Each of the dimensions is described through a set of resilience indicators collected from literature and they are linked to a measure allowing the analytical computation of the indicator’s performance.The first method proposed in this paper requires data on previous disasters as an input and returns as output a performance function for each indicator and a performance function for the whole community.The second method exploits a knowledge-based fuzzy modeling for its implementation.This method allows a quantitative evaluation of the PEOPLES indicators using descriptive knowledge rather than deterministic data including the uncertainty involved in the analysis.The output of the fuzzy-based method is a resilience index for each indicator as well as a resilience index for the community.The paper also introduces an open source online tool in which the first method is implemented.A case study illustrating the application of the first method and the usage of the tool is also provided in the paper.

A DETERMINISTIC VORTEX METHOD FOR SOLVING THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

In this paper, a new 2-D vortex method is developed, which treats thevorticity diffusion in a deterministical way. The Laplacian operator, which describesvorticity diffusion, is approximated by a contour integral. The numerical results oftwo model problems show that this method has a good accuracy. A primary errorestimation is given, and the self-adaptive vortex blob and the boundary conditionsare discussed.

A METHOD FOR CALCULATING TRANSIENT FUNCTIONS OF EQUIVALENT DETERMINISTIC INPUT

In the present paper the analytical formulas for calculating the equivalent deterministictransients for multivariable cross correlated random processes are developed.The formulaspermit the determination of the Root-mean-square of the responses of a lineartime-invariant system to stationary multiple random inputs in the time domain.The methodis applicable in the study of flight of airplanes in atmospheric turbulence and is also usefulfor general engineering applications of stochastc processes control.

The convergence ball and error analysis of the two-step Secant method

Under the assumption that the nonlinear operator has Lipschitz continuous divided differences for the first order,we obtain an estimate of the radius of the convergence ball for the two-step secant method.Moreover,we also provide an error estimate that matches the convergence order of the two-step secant method.At last,we give an application of the proposed theorem.

Solution of Nonlinear Integro Differential Equations by Two-Step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM)

The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.

基于连续能量蒙特卡罗的快中子反应堆均匀化截面计算方法研究

快堆确定论两步法通常由组件均匀化截面计算和堆芯扩散/输运计算共同组成,已广泛应用于快堆工程设计与分析领域。基于连续能量精细几何的蒙特卡罗均匀化截面计算方法可为先进快堆提供高精度均匀化群常数。本文简要综述了蒙特卡罗生成的均匀化截面与堆芯扩散/输运计算结合的发展现状与技术趋势。介绍了蒙特卡罗体积通量均匀化方法和超级均匀化等效修正方法,提出了蒙特卡罗通量矩均匀化方法。以MET-1000金属燃料快堆数值对标为例,针对堆芯扩散计算,对控制棒使用超级均匀化等效修正方法,将堆芯扩散计算的控制棒价值高估从13.5%减小到0.35%,并提高了功率分布预测精度;针对堆芯输运计算,定量解析了误差原因,提出了蒙特卡罗通量矩均匀化方法,可减小MET-1000堆芯输运计算的反应性误差698 pcm。本文中适用于快堆扩散及堆芯输运计算的蒙特卡罗均匀化截面生成方法针对先进非均匀布置快堆、小型快堆等新型堆芯,与不同堆芯求解器的结合有待进一步发展与验证。同时,蒙特卡罗生成快堆均匀化截面还有许多问题需要深入研究,如不连续因子修正、基模修正、历史效应处理方法等。

A Remarkable Chord Iterative Method for Roots of Uncertain Multiplicity

In this note we at first briefly review iterative methods for effectively approaching a root of an unknown multiplicity. We describe a first order, then a second order estimate for the multiplicity index m of the approached root. Next we present a second order, two-step method for iteratively nearing a root of an unknown multiplicity. Subsequently, we introduce a novel chord, or a two- step method, not requiring beforehand knowledge of the multiplicity index m of the sought root, nor requiring higher order derivatives of the equilibrium function, which is quadratically convergent for any , and then reverts to superlinear.

Test for random in electrical signals time series of CO_2 short circuit transition welding process by the method of surrogate data

This paper introduced the basic theory and algorithm of the surrogate data method,which proposed a rigorous way to detect the random and seemingly stochastic characteristics in a system.The Gaussian data and the Rossler data were used to show the availability and effectivity of this method.According to the analysis by this method based on the short-circuiting current signals under the conditions of the same voltage and different wire feed speeds,it is demonstrated that the electrical signals time series exhibit apparently randomness when the welding parameters do not match.However,the electrical signals time series are deterministic when a match is found.The stability of short-circuiting transfer process could be judged exactly by the method of surrogate data.

In-depth understanding of ionic liquid assisted perovskite film formation mechanism for two-step perovskite photovoltaics

Ionic liquids(ILs)have been widely applied in the one-step fabrication of perovskite with noticeable enhancement in the device performance.However,in-depth mechanism of ionic-liquid-assisted perovskite film formation is not well understood for also important two-step perovskite fabrication method,with better control of crystallization behavior.In this work,we introduced ionic liquid methylammonium formate(MAFa)into organic salt to produce perovskite film via a two-step method.Systematic investigations on the influence of MAFa on the perovskite thin film formation mechanism were performed.Ionic liquid is shown to assist lowering the perovskite formation enthalpy upon the density functional theory(DFT)calculation,leading to an accelerated crystallization process evidenced by in-situ UV-Vis absorption measurement.A gradient up-down distribution of ionic liquid has been confirmed by timeof-flight SIMS.Importantly,besides the surface passivation,we found the HCOO-can diffuse into the perovskite crystals to fill up the halide vacancies,resulting in significant reduction of trap states.Uniform perovskite films with significantly larger grains and less defect density were prepared with the help of MAFa IL,and the corresponding device efficiency over 23%was obtained by two-step process with remarkably improved stability.This research work provides an efficient strategy to tune the morphology and opto-electronic properties of perovskite materials via ionic-liquid-assisted two-step fabrication method,which is beneficial for upscaling and application of perovskite photovoltaics.

Information Encryption Based on Using Arbitrary Two-Step Phase-Shift Interferometry

A deterministic phase-encoded encryption system is proposed. A lenticular lens array (LLA) sheet with a particular LPI (lenticular per inch) number is chosen as a modulator (key) instead of the random phase molator. The suggested encryption scheme is based on arbitrary two-step phase-shift interferometry (PSI), using an unknown phase step. The encryption and decryption principle is based on an LLA in arbitrary unknown two-step PSI. Right key holograms can be used to theoretically show that the object wavefront is the only one left in the hologram plane and that all accompanying undesired terms are eliminated. The encrypted image can therefore be numerically and successfully decrypted with the right key in the image plane. The number of degrees of freedom of the encryption scheme increases with the distance from the object and the LLA to the CCD, and also with the unknown phase-step and the LLA LPI number. Computer simulations are performed to verify the encryption and decryption principles without a key, with the wrong key and with the right key. Optical experiments are also performed to validate them.

Mapping of the Water Table Levels of Unconfined Aquifers Using Two Interpolation Methods

The spatial prediction of the water table can be used for many applications related to civil works (foundations, excavations) and other urban and environmental management activities. Deterministic and geostatistical interpolation methods were used to predict the spatial distribution of water table levels (unconfined aquifers) of important geological formations of the Joao Pessoa City (capital of Paraiba State, Brazil) with dense urban occupation and high demand for new civil works. The deterministic (topo to raster) and geostatistical (ordinary kriging) interpolation methods were evaluated using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based investigation. The water table levels were obtained from 276 boring logs of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in situ investigation distributed over the geological formations studied (an area of 59.8 km2, covering 40 districts of the Joao Pessoa City). The Nspt values and textural characterization data are stored for levels of 1 m depth. Some boreholes located in the area investigated were not included in the interpolation processes in order to be compared with estimated values (validation of the results). Maps of the water table depths were also produced to further analyze the quality of the water table surfaces interpolated by both methods. The phreatic surface interpolations provided satisfactory results for both methods (RMSE = 1.8 m). The topo to raster method showed a slight general tendency to be less affected by local values in relation to the kriging method and also has the advantage of integrating the drainage flow system, which is a relevant aspect for spatial models of the water table levels of unconfined aquifers. The ordinary kriging (geostatistical method) provides a prediction surface and some measure of the certainty or accuracy of the predictions.

基于GP14.3运动学混合震源模型和SPECFEM 3D谱元法的宽频地震动模拟

基于确定性物理模型的全过程地震动模拟是现代地震工程的重要发展方向.然而受限于合理震源模型和计算资源需求,目前模拟的有效频率还多处于低频范围,难以满足工程结构敏感频带(5~10 Hz或更高)需求.本文即借助运动学混合震源模型能激发宽频地震波和谱元法空间高精度及计算收敛快的优势,首先将确定性的凹凸体震源模型与GP14.3随机震源模型结合得到有限断层运动学混合震源模型,进而将上述混合震源模型开发到SPECFEM 3D谱元法开源代码中,实现了基于谱元法和运动学混合震源模型的全过程宽频带地震动模拟.将方法首先应用于一维波速结构模型0~10 Hz地震动模拟,通过与频率波数域(FK)方法结果进行比较,验证了方法的精度;进而应用于2021年5月21日云南漾濞6.4级地震0.1~5 Hz地震动模拟,通过与4个台站的时程记录和相应反应谱的比较,以及与NGA-West2地震动衰减方程在频率0.1~5 Hz的反应谱的比较,检验了方法的适用性;最后给出了漾濞地区的地震动峰值加速度(PGA)和峰值速度(PGV)云图,分析了漾濞地震下近场强地面运动的空间分布特征.结果显示,震中PGA接近400 cm·s-2,PGV达到45 cm·s^(-1),烈度达到Ⅸ度,且受局部地形起伏影响,大理以及洱海西侧位置出现高烈度异常区.

基于改进TD3算法的综合能源系统低碳经济调度

在用传统调度方法进行综合能源系统低碳经济调度时会面临数据维数高、建模难度大等困难。虽然用基于数据驱动自适应挖掘物理模型的深度强化学习算法有希望克服这些困难,且其中确定性策略梯度算法尤其适用于连续决策变量问题的求解,但该算法在实际应用时存在训练效率普遍较低的问题。对此,提出了一种基于改进双延迟深度确定性策略梯度算法的调度决策模型。首先基于综合能源系统低碳经济调度特性建立序贯马尔可夫决策过程模型;进而应用改进双延迟深度确定性策略梯度算法构建并训练神经网络,避免过估计并提高网络输出稳定性。同时,为提升网络训练效率,以求和树对训练过程中的历史经验数据进行存储和经验回放采样。实验结果表明,所提方法能对综合能源系统低碳经济调度问题进行有效求解,且比传统强化学习算法表现更优。

基于CF、CF-LR和CF-AHP模型的国家热带雨林公园地质灾害易发性研究:以海南保亭为例

国家热带雨林公园内地形陡峭,地质灾害频发,开展国家热带雨林公园地质灾害易发性评价对减少地质灾害风险具有重要意义。以海南省保亭县为研究区,选取断裂、高程变异系数、剖面曲率、NDVI指数、水系和道路作为评价因子,分别采用确定性系数模型(CF)、确定性系数与逻辑回归耦合模型(CF-LR)、确定性系数与层次分析法耦合模型(CF-AHP)对研究区进行地质灾害易发性评价与精度分析。结果显示,地形地貌对地质灾害的发育具有控制作用,地质灾害受断裂、公路和水系分布影响明显;三种模型均有较高的准确性,其中确定性系数与逻辑回归耦合模型(CFLR)相对更高,是一种地质灾害易发性评价可靠性高的模型。

航母甲板上舰载机的混合避障和仿真

针对航母甲板上舰载机混合避障随机性强、实时性差、规划速度慢等问题,结合最小二乘法与DDPG(deep deterministic policy gradient)算法提出一种PDDPG(predictive depth deterministic policy gradient)算法。该方法利用最小二乘法预测航母甲板上动态障碍物的短期轨迹。DDPG根据动态障碍物的短期轨迹为智能体提供在连续空间里学习和决策行为的能力。基于人工势场设置奖励函数,提高混合避障算法的收敛速度和准确率。使用Unity 3D构建了航母甲板高动态复杂场景,进行舰载机混合避障仿真实验。实验结果表明,PDDPG能较准确地实现航母甲板上舰载机的混合避障,与其他方法相比,在精度上提高了7%~30%。与DQN(deep Q network)相比,路径长度和转弯角度上分别减少了100个单位和400o~450o。

边坡稳定性的确定性和非确定性分析方法发展

影响边坡稳定性的因素存在确定性和非确定性,目前所提出的多种分析评价方法都有各自的特点和适用性。为了便于对工程中边坡的稳定性进行合理评价,快速而准确地选择出合适的方法,按照分析因素确定性程度对几种比较经典且常用的边坡评价方法就其原理、条件、适用类型等进行分析。与边坡稳定性相关的因子众多,且相互联系、彼此作用,不同类型条件边坡的主要稳定性影响因子存在差别,在采用非确定评价方法进行评价前,需要更加仔细地挖掘适合待评价对象的影响因子。将确定性和非确定性方法进行耦合,则可以实现优势结合,从而更准确地解决问题。

电子输运过程的确定论计算方法研究

电子输运过程是核辐射探测器内形成电流的关键过程之一,相应的数值模拟是先进探测器设计与分析软件急需研发的功能。由于该过程的短平均自由程和高度前向峰等特点,确定论方法比蒙特卡罗方法的计算效率更高。本文采用多群形式的Boltzmann输运方程刻画电子输运过程;从EPICS2017中的电子截面数据EEDL出发,基于核数据处理软件NECP-Atlas编写了相应的电子截面处理模块,制作了多群截面数据库;利用Bamboo-Lattice程序中基于特征线方法的中子输运计算核心,构建了确定论电子输运计算程序。利用单核素均匀问题、化合物均匀问题和化合物非均匀问题等一系列算例,通过与蒙特卡罗程序的计算结果进行详细对比,对该确定论电子输运计算程序进行了定量数值验证与分析。结果表明,该程序可以正确模拟电子输运过程,且计算效率能比蒙特卡罗程序快80倍以上。

Synthesis of CA_(6)/AlON composite with enhanced slag resistance

Different amounts of AlON have been introduced in calcium hexaaluminate(CA_(6)) using two approaches, that is, one-step and twostep methods, to improve the slag resistance of CA_(6). A one-step method can directly sinter the mixtures combining Al_(2)O_(3), CaCO_(3), and Al in flowing nitrogen, in which AlON clusters are always formed because of the poor wettability of Al by Al_(2)O_(3), leading to the high porosity of CA_(6)/AlON composite. In a two-step method, CA_(6)and AlON are prepared separately and then mixed and sintered in flowing nitrogen. Compared with the sample prepared by the one-step method, CA_(6)and AlON in composite by the two-step method are more uniformly distributed,and the optimized amount of AlON added is 10wt%. The slag corrosion and penetration test shows that the CA_(6)/AlON composite using the two-step method exhibits superior slag corrosion protection. The promoted effect of AlON on slag penetration and corrosion resistance is also discussed.

Ultrahigh fill-factor all-inorganic CsPbBr_(3)perovskite solar cells processed from two-step solution method and solvent additive strategy

All-inorganic CsPbBr_(3)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have attracted more attentions due to the excellent environmental stability,however,the wide bandgap and relatively poor crystallinity of CsPbBr_(3)have been the main obstacle to improve their power conversion efficiency(PCE).Herein,we proposed an efficient and simple strategy of precursor additive in the two-step aqueous-solution method,the resulted CsPbBr_(3)film has achieved more uniform grain size,almost pure perovskite phase,smoother surface,less defects,enhanced light absorption and longer carrier lifetime.This is due to the rapid evaporation of additive(IPA and CH_(3)OH)in the CsBr/H_(2)O precursor leads to a relatively higher local CsBr concentration on the surface of PbBr_(2),which can provide more nucleation sites and accelerate the crystallization of perovskite.Further,when utilizing the optimal additive of 5%(in volume)IPA,the HTM-free carbonbased CsPbBr_(3)PSCs obtained a PCE improvement from 9.09%to 10.29%,and an ultrahigh fill factor(FF)of 85.21%.What is more,by adding 0.1 mol/L PbCl_(2)into the PbBr_(2)solution in the first step,the open circuit voltage of device has increased from 1.36 V to 1.48 V,the champion PCE reached 10.37%(steady output PCE of 10.17%),and the non-encapsulated device could maintain 85%of its initial efficiency after 50 d in the air.This work provides a cost-effective approach to grow CsPbBr_(3)film and boosts the efficiency benchmark of the CsPbBr_(3)PSCs to more than 10%,it is desirable that the highly efficient and stable CsPbBr_(3)PSCs can be developed in future.