To deal with the dynamic and imbalanced traffic requirements in Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, several distributed load balancing routing schemes have been proposed. However, because of the lack of global view, t...To deal with the dynamic and imbalanced traffic requirements in Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, several distributed load balancing routing schemes have been proposed. However, because of the lack of global view, these schemes may lead to cascading congestion in regions with high volume of traffic. To solve this problem, a Hybrid-Traffic-Detour based Load Balancing Routing(HLBR) scheme is proposed, where a Long-Distance Traffic Detour(LTD) method is devised and coordinates with distributed traffic detour method to perform self-adaptive load balancing. The forwarding path of LTD is acquired by the Circuitous Multipath Calculation(CMC) based on prior geographical information, and activated by the LTDShift-Trigger(LST) through real-time congestion perception. Simulation results show that the HLBR can mitigate cascading congestion and achieve efficient traffic distribution.展开更多
Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are one of the most important improvements due to their remarkable capacities and their continuous growth in various applications.However,the lifetime of WSNs is very confined because of ...Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are one of the most important improvements due to their remarkable capacities and their continuous growth in various applications.However,the lifetime of WSNs is very confined because of the delimited energy limit of their sensor nodes.This is the reason why energy conservation is considered the main exploration worry for WSNs.For this energy-efficient routing is required to save energy and to subsequently drag out the lifetime of WSNs.In this report we use the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)method and are evaluated using the Genetic Algorithm(GA),based on the Detour non-split dominant set(GA)In this research,we use the energy efficiency returnee non-split dominating set(DNSDS).A set S⊆V is supposed to be a DNSDS of G when the graph G=(V,E)is expressed as both detours as well as a non-split dominating set of G.Let the detour non-split domination number be addressed asγ_dns(G)and is the minimum order of its detour non-split dominating set.Any DNSDS of orderγdns(G)is aγdns-set of G.Here,theγ_dns(G)of various standard graphs is resolved and some of its general properties are contemplated.A connected graph usually has an order n with detour non-split domination number as n or n–1 are characterized.Also connected graphs of order n≥4 and detour diameter D≤4 with detour non-split dominating number n or n−1 or n−2 are additionally portrayed.While considering any pair of positive integers to be specific a and b,there exists a connected graph G which is normally indicated as dn(G)=a,γ(G)=b andγdns(G)=a+b−2,hereγdns(G)indicates the detour domination number and dn(G)indicates the detour number of a graph.The time is taken for the construction and the size of DNSDS are considered for examining the performance of the proposed method.The simulation result confirms that the DNSDS nodes are energy efficient.展开更多
Long-distance migratory birds often face major geographical barriers on their journey.While some species are able to cross them,others use longer routes to avoid such barriers.Little is known about the strategies of S...Long-distance migratory birds often face major geographical barriers on their journey.While some species are able to cross them,others use longer routes to avoid such barriers.Little is known about the strategies of Siberian landbird migrants,which either cross or circumvent the deserts and mountain ranges of Central Asia en route to their non-breeding sites in Southeast Asia.Here we compare data on migration phenology and morphology from two bird ringing stations in eastern Russia,situated at similar latitudes but with a longitudinal difference of 1500 km,to hypothesise migration patterns.We found significant differences in timing between the two sites(birds migrated significantly earlier in spring and significantly later in autumn in the east),suggesting longitudinal migration as a result of migration detour.However,morphological differences show a less clear pattern.We argue that most Siberian landbirds might opt for a detour through the Russian Far East instead of a direct route in order to avoid unfavourable stop-over habitat in Central Asia.However,tracking studies will be necessary to prove this.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.61472189)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY18F030015)Wenzhou Public Welfare Science and Technology Project of China(No.G20150015)
文摘To deal with the dynamic and imbalanced traffic requirements in Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, several distributed load balancing routing schemes have been proposed. However, because of the lack of global view, these schemes may lead to cascading congestion in regions with high volume of traffic. To solve this problem, a Hybrid-Traffic-Detour based Load Balancing Routing(HLBR) scheme is proposed, where a Long-Distance Traffic Detour(LTD) method is devised and coordinates with distributed traffic detour method to perform self-adaptive load balancing. The forwarding path of LTD is acquired by the Circuitous Multipath Calculation(CMC) based on prior geographical information, and activated by the LTDShift-Trigger(LST) through real-time congestion perception. Simulation results show that the HLBR can mitigate cascading congestion and achieve efficient traffic distribution.
文摘Wireless sensor networks(WSNs)are one of the most important improvements due to their remarkable capacities and their continuous growth in various applications.However,the lifetime of WSNs is very confined because of the delimited energy limit of their sensor nodes.This is the reason why energy conservation is considered the main exploration worry for WSNs.For this energy-efficient routing is required to save energy and to subsequently drag out the lifetime of WSNs.In this report we use the Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)method and are evaluated using the Genetic Algorithm(GA),based on the Detour non-split dominant set(GA)In this research,we use the energy efficiency returnee non-split dominating set(DNSDS).A set S⊆V is supposed to be a DNSDS of G when the graph G=(V,E)is expressed as both detours as well as a non-split dominating set of G.Let the detour non-split domination number be addressed asγ_dns(G)and is the minimum order of its detour non-split dominating set.Any DNSDS of orderγdns(G)is aγdns-set of G.Here,theγ_dns(G)of various standard graphs is resolved and some of its general properties are contemplated.A connected graph usually has an order n with detour non-split domination number as n or n–1 are characterized.Also connected graphs of order n≥4 and detour diameter D≤4 with detour non-split dominating number n or n−1 or n−2 are additionally portrayed.While considering any pair of positive integers to be specific a and b,there exists a connected graph G which is normally indicated as dn(G)=a,γ(G)=b andγdns(G)=a+b−2,hereγdns(G)indicates the detour domination number and dn(G)indicates the detour number of a graph.The time is taken for the construction and the size of DNSDS are considered for examining the performance of the proposed method.The simulation result confirms that the DNSDS nodes are energy efficient.
基金Funding supply on Baikal Bird Ringing Station was conducted by Baikalsky State Nature Reserve。
文摘Long-distance migratory birds often face major geographical barriers on their journey.While some species are able to cross them,others use longer routes to avoid such barriers.Little is known about the strategies of Siberian landbird migrants,which either cross or circumvent the deserts and mountain ranges of Central Asia en route to their non-breeding sites in Southeast Asia.Here we compare data on migration phenology and morphology from two bird ringing stations in eastern Russia,situated at similar latitudes but with a longitudinal difference of 1500 km,to hypothesise migration patterns.We found significant differences in timing between the two sites(birds migrated significantly earlier in spring and significantly later in autumn in the east),suggesting longitudinal migration as a result of migration detour.However,morphological differences show a less clear pattern.We argue that most Siberian landbirds might opt for a detour through the Russian Far East instead of a direct route in order to avoid unfavourable stop-over habitat in Central Asia.However,tracking studies will be necessary to prove this.
