Combined Detrusor and External Urethral Sphincter BTX-A Injections for Detrusor Overactivity and Detrusor External Sphincter Dyssynergia Secondary to Spinal Cord Injury

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections for detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) secondary to spinal cord injury. Study Design: Prospective study. Methods: The study was carried out in 18 SCI patients with detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) receiving Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections treatment. Contain 200 U botulinum toxin intradetrusor and 100 U external urethral sphincter injections. The effective outcomes included maximum detrusor pressure at first DO and DESD (PdetmaxDO-DESD), volume at first DO and DESD (VDO-DESD), maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), and Incontinence-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument (I-QoL). Adverse events were recorded. Results: All patients experienced a significant mean reduction in PdetmaxDO-DESD (50.75%), maximum urethral closure pressure (26.34%) and a significant mean increase in VDO-DESD (63.00%) 12-weeks post-injection. Significant (p < 0.001) improvement in mean Incontinence-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument was also found. No obvious adverse event and toxic effect was observed. Conclusion: Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections is a good choice for patients with DO and DESD secondary to spinal cord injury. It could not only protect the upper urinary tract but also improve quality of life.

Non-pharmacologic options for the management of voiding dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory condition that can cause significant bladder dysfunction manifesting either as overactive bladder or impaired bladder emptying.Patients will often complain of urgency,frequency,nocturia,urgency incontinence,hesitancy,straining to void,and incomplete bladder emptying.While these symptoms can be treated with pharmacologic agents,often patients will require more significant treatments.Patients should first be evaluated with urodynamics in order to adequately diagnose the pathologic condition causing their symptoms.These interventions include catheter use,injection of botulinum toxin,neuromodulation,urethral stenting,sphincterotomy,suprapubic catheter with bladder neck closure,bladder augmentation and urinary diversion.The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence supporting each of these treatment options so urologic providers can better provide for this unique and complex patient population.

A型肉毒毒素注射治疗神经源性膀胱

逼尿肌和尿道括约肌注射A型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin A, BTX-A)可以阻断神经肌肉接头处突触前传出神经的乙酰胆碱释放,抑制目标肌的收缩,改善膀胱压力和尿动力学参数,降低尿路感染发生率和提高生活质量。目前,BTX-A已被美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗神经源性逼尿肌过度活跃症和难治性膀胱过度活动症。最近BTX-A治疗逼尿肌-括约肌协调障碍的临床试验也报告了有希望的治疗效果。该文对上运动神经元损伤特别是大脑皮质和骶上脊髓损伤引起的神经源性逼尿肌过度活动和逼尿肌-括约肌协同失调的BTX-A注射治疗进行综述。

创伤性脊髓损伤患者影像尿流动力学特征分析

目的观察创伤性脊髓损伤(traumatic spinal cord injury,TSCI)患者影像尿流动力学特征,探讨其与损伤程度、损伤水平及治疗方案制订的关系。方法103例TSCI患者均行躯体神经系统检查,损伤水平为颈髓损伤31例,胸腰髓损伤26例,骶髓下损伤46例;根据美国脊髓损伤协会分级标准进行分类,损伤程度为完全性脊髓损伤39例,不完全性脊髓损伤64例。103例患者均行影像尿流动力学检查,记录逼尿肌过度活动(detrusor overactivity,DO)/逼尿肌-括约肌协同失调(detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia,DSD)、逼尿肌无反射、逼尿肌有收缩、低顺应性膀胱、膀胱感觉缺失、肾积水发生情况及最大逼尿肌压力、最大膀胱容量。比较不同损伤程度和损伤水平TSCI患者影像尿流动力学特征,根据检查结果给予相应治疗,1年后复查影像尿流动力学,比较治疗前、后影像尿流动力学参数变化。结果103例TSCI患者中,DO/DSD 48例(46.6%),逼尿肌无反射51例(49.5%),逼尿肌有收缩4例(3.9%),低顺应性膀胱40例(38.8%),膀胱感觉缺失58例(56.3%),肾积水7例(6.8%),最大逼尿肌压力为(39.6±23.2)cm H_(2)O,最大膀胱容量为(316.4±101.7)mL。完全性脊髓损伤患者膀胱感觉缺失发生率(76.9%)高于不完全性脊髓损伤患者(43.8%)(χ^(2)=10.840,P=0.001),DO/DSD(51.3%)、逼尿肌无反射(48.7%)发生率与不完全性脊髓损伤患者(43.8%、50.0%)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。颈髓损伤和胸腰髓损伤患者DO/DSD发生率(71.0%、61.5%)、最大逼尿肌压力[(47.4±26.1)、(49.5±28.2)cm H_(2)O]均高于骶髓下损伤患者[21.7%、(25.2±13.5)cm H_(2)O](P<0.05),逼尿肌无反射发生率(19.4%、38.5%)、最大膀胱容量[(281.7±118.3)、(279.1±117.4)mL]均低于骶髓下损伤患者[76.1%、(362.8±70.3)mL](P<0.05);胸腰髓损伤患者低顺应性膀胱发生率(57.7%)高于骶髓下损伤患者(26.1%)(P<0.05);颈髓损伤患者DO/DSD、逼尿肌无反射、低顺应性膀胱发生率及最大逼尿肌压力、最大膀胱容量与胸腰髓损伤患者比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。103例患者随访至2021年6月,随访完成97例,失访6例。抗胆碱能药物联合间歇性清洁导尿39例,其中1例因治疗效果不佳改为骶神经调节术联合间歇性清洁导尿;膀胱壁A型肉毒毒素注射联合间歇性清洁导尿2例;骶神经调节术联合间歇性清洁导尿4例;单纯间歇性清洁导尿27例;手法辅助排尿或叩击排尿14例;留置导尿11例。36例患者治疗1年后复查影像尿流动力学,膀胱感觉缺失发生率(33.3%)低于治疗前(58.3%)(χ^(2)=4.531,P=0.033),低顺应性膀胱发生率(63.9%)高于治疗前(38.9%)(χ^(2)=4.503,P=0.034)。结论骶髓上损伤患者主要表现为DO/DSD,膀胱顺应性降低,最大逼尿肌压力增高和最大膀胱容量减小,依据影像尿流动力学检查结果选择治疗方法可有效保护上尿路功能。