Given the prominence and magnitude of airport incentive schemes,it is surprising that literature hitherto remains silent as to their effectiveness.In this paper,the relationship between airport incentive schemes and t...Given the prominence and magnitude of airport incentive schemes,it is surprising that literature hitherto remains silent as to their effectiveness.In this paper,the relationship between airport incentive schemes and the route development behavior of airlines is analyzed.Because of rare and often controversial findings in the extant literature regarding relevant influencing variables for attracting airlines at an airport,expert interviews are used as a complement to formulate testable hypotheses in this regard.A fixed effects regression model is used to test the hypotheses with a dataset that covers all seat capacity offered at the 22 largest German commercial airports in the week 46 from 2004 to 2011.It is found that incentives from primary choice,as well as secondary choice airports,have a significant influence on Low Cost Carriers.Furthermore,Low Cost Carriers,in general,do not leave any of both types of airports when the incentives cease.In the case of Network Carriers,no case is found where one joins a primary choice airport and receives an incentive.Insufficient data between Network Carriers and secondary choice airports in the time when incentives have ceased means that no statement can be given.展开更多
The CAS Institute of Modern Physics is a center of pure basic research concerning nuclear physics, accelerator physics and related technology. In recent years, it succeeded in the construction of China’s first produc...The CAS Institute of Modern Physics is a center of pure basic research concerning nuclear physics, accelerator physics and related technology. In recent years, it succeeded in the construction of China’s first production line for manufacturing radiation-crosslinked (RC) wire and cable with the aid of international cooperation,achieving rewarding benefits from it.展开更多
Electric vehicles(EVs)have received significant attention because of the potential energy savings and emission reductions they enable.However,current studies and demonstrations have focused mainly on specific technolo...Electric vehicles(EVs)have received significant attention because of the potential energy savings and emission reductions they enable.However,current studies and demonstrations have focused mainly on specific technologies and equipment types,which cannot in themselves solve the predicaments facing EVs.This study points out that EVs will form a large,complex system that needs to be optimized over different aspects to compete with traditional vehicles.Therefore,wholesystem thinking is needed to support the development control of EVs,with a broader scope than operational control,and the core issue is the interaction between EVs and power grid,including their coordinated development and operational management.For development control of EVs,a target system and a step-wise optimization method are presented,as well as the basic principles for designing the target system.There are two key barriers in EVs’development:the research and mass production of highperformance power batteries,and the formulation of a favorable mechanism to capture benefits and encourage development.To address the problems of EV development,a promotion method that combines franchising with moderate competition is proposed.The concepts and methods developed in this study can facilitate the research and development of EVs.展开更多
文摘Given the prominence and magnitude of airport incentive schemes,it is surprising that literature hitherto remains silent as to their effectiveness.In this paper,the relationship between airport incentive schemes and the route development behavior of airlines is analyzed.Because of rare and often controversial findings in the extant literature regarding relevant influencing variables for attracting airlines at an airport,expert interviews are used as a complement to formulate testable hypotheses in this regard.A fixed effects regression model is used to test the hypotheses with a dataset that covers all seat capacity offered at the 22 largest German commercial airports in the week 46 from 2004 to 2011.It is found that incentives from primary choice,as well as secondary choice airports,have a significant influence on Low Cost Carriers.Furthermore,Low Cost Carriers,in general,do not leave any of both types of airports when the incentives cease.In the case of Network Carriers,no case is found where one joins a primary choice airport and receives an incentive.Insufficient data between Network Carriers and secondary choice airports in the time when incentives have ceased means that no statement can be given.
文摘The CAS Institute of Modern Physics is a center of pure basic research concerning nuclear physics, accelerator physics and related technology. In recent years, it succeeded in the construction of China’s first production line for manufacturing radiation-crosslinked (RC) wire and cable with the aid of international cooperation,achieving rewarding benefits from it.
基金This work was partially supported National High Technology R&D Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA050804).
文摘Electric vehicles(EVs)have received significant attention because of the potential energy savings and emission reductions they enable.However,current studies and demonstrations have focused mainly on specific technologies and equipment types,which cannot in themselves solve the predicaments facing EVs.This study points out that EVs will form a large,complex system that needs to be optimized over different aspects to compete with traditional vehicles.Therefore,wholesystem thinking is needed to support the development control of EVs,with a broader scope than operational control,and the core issue is the interaction between EVs and power grid,including their coordinated development and operational management.For development control of EVs,a target system and a step-wise optimization method are presented,as well as the basic principles for designing the target system.There are two key barriers in EVs’development:the research and mass production of highperformance power batteries,and the formulation of a favorable mechanism to capture benefits and encourage development.To address the problems of EV development,a promotion method that combines franchising with moderate competition is proposed.The concepts and methods developed in this study can facilitate the research and development of EVs.
