Marine science technology innovation provides power and guarantees for marine eco-civilization construction,which provides direction and material support for marine science technology innovation.Therefore,the coordina...Marine science technology innovation provides power and guarantees for marine eco-civilization construction,which provides direction and material support for marine science technology innovation.Therefore,the coordinated development of the two is of great significance to the marine economy sustainable development in China’s coastal areas.On the basis of clarifying the connotations of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in China’s coastal areas from 2006 to 2019,the mechanism for their coordinated development was analysed.A comprehensive indicator system based on the connotation of the two was constructed,and the coordinated development relationship was empirically tested using the coupled coordination model and the panel vector autoregressive(PVAR)model.The results show that:1)the level of China’s coastal marine science technology innovation continues to improve,gradually forming the core of the development of marine science technology innovation in the north,east and south of Shandong,Shanghai and Guangdong;the level of marine eco-civilization development fluctuating upward trend,showing obvious spatial differentiation characteristics.2)The degree of coordination of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization is growing over time.There is no causal relationship between marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in the northern marine economic circle,but there is a two-way causal relationship between the two in the eastern and southern marine economic circles.3)Marine eco-civilization shows a significant positive and continuous impact on marine science technology innovation,and marine science technology innovation shows a long-term,continuous,fluctuating,and lagging impact on marine eco-civilization.The overall role of marine eco-civilization on marine science technology innovation is dominant,and there are significant differences in the impact effects of the two major marine economic circles.展开更多
Owing to the rapid and vigorous development of science and technology,the world today is entering a period of profound changes in both the economy and society. The information society and intelligent age are approachi...Owing to the rapid and vigorous development of science and technology,the world today is entering a period of profound changes in both the economy and society. The information society and intelligent age are approaching.Information is being communicated by computers,optical fibers and satellites to every comer of the world,breaking down all the barriers and restrictions and involving individuals, enterprises, regions and countries into the world market, which is intensely competitive, turbulent and fluctuating. Operation at展开更多
The study tries to reveal the situation and development trends of China's graphene research utilizing National Science and Technology Reports(NSTR) as the new data resource. Findings show a continual increase of g...The study tries to reveal the situation and development trends of China's graphene research utilizing National Science and Technology Reports(NSTR) as the new data resource. Findings show a continual increase of graphene projects sponsored by the government. Most of them are from the National Basic Research Program of China and the National High-tech R&D Program,which reflects mainly aiming for breakthroughs of China's graphene research in major frontier fields and promoting industrial competitiveness. As a new material in nanometer area,the graphene research mainly focuses on nanometer research area. Besides,it has also involved more in the promising applications,such as advanced energy technology,biological and medical technology,testing and analytical instrument technology,etc. Major players are universities and research institutes,and they have collaborated a lot. Few enterprises have played an important role in the collaboration network,so China's graphene research is still mainly in the basic research step. Key scholars with their research interests have been revealed.展开更多
On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified ...On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified to see that it has entered into an unprecedented era of dynamic expansion and progress. The CAS’s international cooperation experienced a stage of "exchange only with eastern countries" in its inceptive years and at a time of actual stagnation in"cultural revolution". It was the Third Session of the Eleventh Congress of the Chinese Communist展开更多
Innovative ability is an important indicator for judging the effectiveness of the national agricultural science and technology park construction. Based on the statistical data of four national agricultural science and...Innovative ability is an important indicator for judging the effectiveness of the national agricultural science and technology park construction. Based on the statistical data of four national agricultural science and technology parks built in Jiangxi Province, this paper constructs an evaluation system consisting of three first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators and 24 three-level indicators. Based on the combined weighting method, the comprehensive scores of the innovation capabilities of the parks are obtained. It is found that the gap in innovation capability of each park is wide, and the radiation-driven function has not yet appeared. It is necessary to promote the improvement of innovation capabilities by promoting the synergy and innovation of agricultural science and technology in the park, encouraging the park to construct agricultural technology business incubators, and building and improving innovation platforms.展开更多
This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable developmen...This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of modern agricultural science and technology parks in China.It is found that at present,the agricultural science and technology park in China is in the stage of quantitative development,neglecting the qualitative construction of the park.This paper points out that the balanced relationship among ecology,economy and society should be adjusted to promote the sustainable development of the park.展开更多
Currently, the progress of science and technology has become a key factor in promoting economic development. And the backwardness of science and technology at the grassroots level has undoubtedly restricted the proces...Currently, the progress of science and technology has become a key factor in promoting economic development. And the backwardness of science and technology at the grassroots level has undoubtedly restricted the process of China’s construction of socialist new countryside. Taking socio-economy and the devel- opment of science and technology in Jiaxing as a breakthrough point, and based on the related data of Jiaxing during 1998?2004, this paper analyzes thoroughly the interactive relationship be- tween socio-economy and the development of science and tech- nology. This paper strives to summarize the development track and model of the grassroots work of science and technology so as to provide local governments with references and grounds for drawing up policies for the local work of science and technology.展开更多
Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At l...Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.展开更多
The Asian Inaugural Science-BasedInnovation, Life Sciences & TechnologySummit co-sponsored by the China Councilfor the Promotion of International Trade andthe Pacific Rim Forum is being held heretoday.
In order to conduct research and analysis on the construction of application-oriented undergraduate data science and big data technology courses,the professional development characteristics of universities and enterpr...In order to conduct research and analysis on the construction of application-oriented undergraduate data science and big data technology courses,the professional development characteristics of universities and enterprises should be taken into consideration,the development trend of the big data industry should be scrutinized,and professional application-oriented talents should be cultivated in line with job requirements.This paper expounds the demand for capacity-building professional development in application-oriented undergraduate data science and big data technology courses,conducts research and analysis on the current situation of professional development,and puts forward strategies in hope to provide reference for capacity-building professional development.展开更多
There is a long tradition of friendly exchange and cooperation between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the universities in Hong Kong. In recent years, both sides have been increasingly realizing the importan...There is a long tradition of friendly exchange and cooperation between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the universities in Hong Kong. In recent years, both sides have been increasingly realizing the importance of furthering their Collaboration and exchange and the cooperation has become more active, laying greater展开更多
According to growth pole theory, this paper puts forward that when allocating regional science and technology (S&T) innovation resources based on S&T program, should abide the principle that important area rec...According to growth pole theory, this paper puts forward that when allocating regional science and technology (S&T) innovation resources based on S&T program, should abide the principle that important area receives priority support; Meanwhile, it designs method to ascertain district S&T advantage and S&T innovation resources utilizing efficiency as well as S&T developing speed by using component analysis and DEA method, and then constructs three-dimension selecting model,by which a positive research on Heilongjiang is made, the purpose of which is to offer scientific method support and decision-making foundation for making regional S&T program.展开更多
On May 21,2023,the Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B),a low-inclination,low-latitude,and high-precision scientific exploration satellite for geomagnetic fields and space environments,was successfully launched.The sola...On May 21,2023,the Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B),a low-inclination,low-latitude,and high-precision scientific exploration satellite for geomagnetic fields and space environments,was successfully launched.The solar X-ray detector(SXD),one of the two major scientific payloads onboard the MSS-1B,has obtained a large amount of solar X-ray radiation data,which reveals the distribution law of the magnetic field in the low Earth orbit,as well as the coupling law of the Earth's magnetic field and the solar radiation and energy particle distributions.First,the overall design of the multi-detection-unit,broad-energy-range,small-volume,and low-power SXD was implemented to achieve the scientific objectives of the mission.Second,the technical indicators of the instrument were decomposed into various components,and the key technologies,such as collimator,processing circuit,thermal,and payload dataset designs,were reviewed.Third,the backgrounds,including electronic noise,cosmic diffuse X-ray background,and high-energy background in the Earth's radiation belts in and out of the field of view,were analyzed for the instrument.Then,the ground calibrations of the energy response,detection efficiency,and temperature-dependent peak drift of the SXD flight model were conducted.Finally,the in-orbit temperature,energy spectrum data,background,and solar flare process observation of the instrument in the in-orbit test stage are presented,verifying the instrument design,analysis,and ground calibration,providing a foundation for obtaining accurate solar X-ray radiation data,and achieving the scientific objectives of the satellite.展开更多
Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluati...Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluation and management system of Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED).Methods Through literature review,lessons were drawn from the review and management policies and methods of biomedical projects implemented by Japan AMED.Then some reference was provided to the review and management of the projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.Results and Conclusion A basic review framework has been set up in Shenzhen Industrial Park,which consists of scientific research management institution of Shenzhen Industrial Park,Third-Party Review Institution and Science Committee.However,there are three problems in this system:unclear selection criteria of review experts,insufficient supervision and lack of project evaluation standards.These problems can be solved by establishing an expert think tank,setting up graded project supervisors to have the dynamic monitoring,and developing a general evaluation scale for evaluating scientific research projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.展开更多
The safety of agricultural industry in Hunan Province shows an upward trend from"basically safe"to"very safe",but the state in the"safe"or"very safe"range is still unstable.In v...The safety of agricultural industry in Hunan Province shows an upward trend from"basically safe"to"very safe",but the state in the"safe"or"very safe"range is still unstable.In view of this,Hunan Province should guarantee the agricultural production ability,cultivate and enhance the core competitiveness of agriculture,firmly grasp the agricultural control power,attach importance to the export quality of agri-cultural products and other aspects to ensure the safety of agricultural industry.展开更多
From the perspective of economic system transformations and scientific and technological system reforms, this paper investigates the evolution of China’s national innovation system (NIS) during the 40 years of reform...From the perspective of economic system transformations and scientific and technological system reforms, this paper investigates the evolution of China’s national innovation system (NIS) during the 40 years of reform and opening up. It concludes that China’s NIS has evolved from weak to strong, from a follower groping its way onto the track of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. China’s innovation system has experienced a trajectory from “introduction and imitation of complete sets of technology” to “market for technology and imitative innovation,” to “integrated and secondary innovation” and on to “integrated, secondary, collaborative and original innovation combined.” The path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is a natural choice of economic, societal, and technological development in the new era.展开更多
The Shenzhen Science and Technology Devleopment Co. Ltd., founded in 1985, has takes first place on the international market for its large export volume of high-tech products—magnetic heads for computer hardware disc...The Shenzhen Science and Technology Devleopment Co. Ltd., founded in 1985, has takes first place on the international market for its large export volume of high-tech products—magnetic heads for computer hardware discs in 1996. So far, the product has achieved a firm position on the international market through continuous efforts to renew the technical performance of its products. The products, functioning as a large storage capacity for hard disc drives, is internationally recognized as a high-tech product. During展开更多
This paper studies the factors affecting the technology-transfer within international research and development (R&D) networks. Specifically, this study examines the characteristics of ties, actors, and internationa...This paper studies the factors affecting the technology-transfer within international research and development (R&D) networks. Specifically, this study examines the characteristics of ties, actors, and international network configuration to assess finn's accessibility to unique technologies. This study was conducted by research analysis in the aerospace industry. The total sample size used in this study is 125 cases of international R&D consortiums from January 1980 to December 2000. The result of this study supports the effects of "strength of tie" and "characteristic of actors" on the technology transfer explained by network theory. It also demonstrates that the international network structure that would facilitate the technology transfer is shaped by dual type of tie; the apparent type of tie is general, usual, and functional tie, and the hidden one is the national culture.展开更多
Industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology is an essential part of tropical agricultural technological innovation.This paper firstly analyzed development mode of industrialization of tropical ag...Industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology is an essential part of tropical agricultural technological innovation.This paper firstly analyzed development mode of industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology in Chin and then came up with recommendations for developing industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology.展开更多
Ⅰ. ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL At present there are 795 research institutes in China (in 1987 there were 351 independent ones and 441 affiliated ones) under the Chinese Academy of Medical Science,the Chinese Academy o...Ⅰ. ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL At present there are 795 research institutes in China (in 1987 there were 351 independent ones and 441 affiliated ones) under the Chinese Academy of Medical Science,the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine,the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Chinese Academy of Military Medicine.They are playing the role of research centers for basic and clinical medicine,preventive medicine,traditional Chinese medicine,and mili-展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42076222)。
文摘Marine science technology innovation provides power and guarantees for marine eco-civilization construction,which provides direction and material support for marine science technology innovation.Therefore,the coordinated development of the two is of great significance to the marine economy sustainable development in China’s coastal areas.On the basis of clarifying the connotations of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in China’s coastal areas from 2006 to 2019,the mechanism for their coordinated development was analysed.A comprehensive indicator system based on the connotation of the two was constructed,and the coordinated development relationship was empirically tested using the coupled coordination model and the panel vector autoregressive(PVAR)model.The results show that:1)the level of China’s coastal marine science technology innovation continues to improve,gradually forming the core of the development of marine science technology innovation in the north,east and south of Shandong,Shanghai and Guangdong;the level of marine eco-civilization development fluctuating upward trend,showing obvious spatial differentiation characteristics.2)The degree of coordination of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization is growing over time.There is no causal relationship between marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in the northern marine economic circle,but there is a two-way causal relationship between the two in the eastern and southern marine economic circles.3)Marine eco-civilization shows a significant positive and continuous impact on marine science technology innovation,and marine science technology innovation shows a long-term,continuous,fluctuating,and lagging impact on marine eco-civilization.The overall role of marine eco-civilization on marine science technology innovation is dominant,and there are significant differences in the impact effects of the two major marine economic circles.
文摘Owing to the rapid and vigorous development of science and technology,the world today is entering a period of profound changes in both the economy and society. The information society and intelligent age are approaching.Information is being communicated by computers,optical fibers and satellites to every comer of the world,breaking down all the barriers and restrictions and involving individuals, enterprises, regions and countries into the world market, which is intensely competitive, turbulent and fluctuating. Operation at
基金Supported by In-Depth Analysis and Research of Key Science and Technology Areas of ISTIC(No.ZD2017-1)
文摘The study tries to reveal the situation and development trends of China's graphene research utilizing National Science and Technology Reports(NSTR) as the new data resource. Findings show a continual increase of graphene projects sponsored by the government. Most of them are from the National Basic Research Program of China and the National High-tech R&D Program,which reflects mainly aiming for breakthroughs of China's graphene research in major frontier fields and promoting industrial competitiveness. As a new material in nanometer area,the graphene research mainly focuses on nanometer research area. Besides,it has also involved more in the promising applications,such as advanced energy technology,biological and medical technology,testing and analytical instrument technology,etc. Major players are universities and research institutes,and they have collaborated a lot. Few enterprises have played an important role in the collaboration network,so China's graphene research is still mainly in the basic research step. Key scholars with their research interests have been revealed.
文摘On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified to see that it has entered into an unprecedented era of dynamic expansion and progress. The CAS’s international cooperation experienced a stage of "exchange only with eastern countries" in its inceptive years and at a time of actual stagnation in"cultural revolution". It was the Third Session of the Eleventh Congress of the Chinese Communist
文摘Innovative ability is an important indicator for judging the effectiveness of the national agricultural science and technology park construction. Based on the statistical data of four national agricultural science and technology parks built in Jiangxi Province, this paper constructs an evaluation system consisting of three first-level indicators, eight second-level indicators and 24 three-level indicators. Based on the combined weighting method, the comprehensive scores of the innovation capabilities of the parks are obtained. It is found that the gap in innovation capability of each park is wide, and the radiation-driven function has not yet appeared. It is necessary to promote the improvement of innovation capabilities by promoting the synergy and innovation of agricultural science and technology in the park, encouraging the park to construct agricultural technology business incubators, and building and improving innovation platforms.
文摘This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of modern agricultural science and technology parks in China.It is found that at present,the agricultural science and technology park in China is in the stage of quantitative development,neglecting the qualitative construction of the park.This paper points out that the balanced relationship among ecology,economy and society should be adjusted to promote the sustainable development of the park.
文摘Currently, the progress of science and technology has become a key factor in promoting economic development. And the backwardness of science and technology at the grassroots level has undoubtedly restricted the process of China’s construction of socialist new countryside. Taking socio-economy and the devel- opment of science and technology in Jiaxing as a breakthrough point, and based on the related data of Jiaxing during 1998?2004, this paper analyzes thoroughly the interactive relationship be- tween socio-economy and the development of science and tech- nology. This paper strives to summarize the development track and model of the grassroots work of science and technology so as to provide local governments with references and grounds for drawing up policies for the local work of science and technology.
文摘Firstly,current situation and main problems of science and technology development of soil and water conservation were analyzed,and then roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were studied. At last,exploration ways of roles of science and technology in soil and water conservation were proposed.
文摘The Asian Inaugural Science-BasedInnovation, Life Sciences & TechnologySummit co-sponsored by the China Councilfor the Promotion of International Trade andthe Pacific Rim Forum is being held heretoday.
文摘In order to conduct research and analysis on the construction of application-oriented undergraduate data science and big data technology courses,the professional development characteristics of universities and enterprises should be taken into consideration,the development trend of the big data industry should be scrutinized,and professional application-oriented talents should be cultivated in line with job requirements.This paper expounds the demand for capacity-building professional development in application-oriented undergraduate data science and big data technology courses,conducts research and analysis on the current situation of professional development,and puts forward strategies in hope to provide reference for capacity-building professional development.
文摘There is a long tradition of friendly exchange and cooperation between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the universities in Hong Kong. In recent years, both sides have been increasingly realizing the importance of furthering their Collaboration and exchange and the cooperation has become more active, laying greater
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 70473020)the Science and Technology Research Project of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No GC06J404)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang (Grant No G200608)80
文摘According to growth pole theory, this paper puts forward that when allocating regional science and technology (S&T) innovation resources based on S&T program, should abide the principle that important area receives priority support; Meanwhile, it designs method to ascertain district S&T advantage and S&T innovation resources utilizing efficiency as well as S&T developing speed by using component analysis and DEA method, and then constructs three-dimension selecting model,by which a positive research on Heilongjiang is made, the purpose of which is to offer scientific method support and decision-making foundation for making regional S&T program.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42327802)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0708100)。
文摘On May 21,2023,the Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B),a low-inclination,low-latitude,and high-precision scientific exploration satellite for geomagnetic fields and space environments,was successfully launched.The solar X-ray detector(SXD),one of the two major scientific payloads onboard the MSS-1B,has obtained a large amount of solar X-ray radiation data,which reveals the distribution law of the magnetic field in the low Earth orbit,as well as the coupling law of the Earth's magnetic field and the solar radiation and energy particle distributions.First,the overall design of the multi-detection-unit,broad-energy-range,small-volume,and low-power SXD was implemented to achieve the scientific objectives of the mission.Second,the technical indicators of the instrument were decomposed into various components,and the key technologies,such as collimator,processing circuit,thermal,and payload dataset designs,were reviewed.Third,the backgrounds,including electronic noise,cosmic diffuse X-ray background,and high-energy background in the Earth's radiation belts in and out of the field of view,were analyzed for the instrument.Then,the ground calibrations of the energy response,detection efficiency,and temperature-dependent peak drift of the SXD flight model were conducted.Finally,the in-orbit temperature,energy spectrum data,background,and solar flare process observation of the instrument in the in-orbit test stage are presented,verifying the instrument design,analysis,and ground calibration,providing a foundation for obtaining accurate solar X-ray radiation data,and achieving the scientific objectives of the satellite.
基金Shenyang Philosophy and Social Science Planning Fund(SZ202001L)Social Science Planning Fund of Liaoning Province(L19BGL03)。
文摘Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluation and management system of Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED).Methods Through literature review,lessons were drawn from the review and management policies and methods of biomedical projects implemented by Japan AMED.Then some reference was provided to the review and management of the projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.Results and Conclusion A basic review framework has been set up in Shenzhen Industrial Park,which consists of scientific research management institution of Shenzhen Industrial Park,Third-Party Review Institution and Science Committee.However,there are three problems in this system:unclear selection criteria of review experts,insufficient supervision and lack of project evaluation standards.These problems can be solved by establishing an expert think tank,setting up graded project supervisors to have the dynamic monitoring,and developing a general evaluation scale for evaluating scientific research projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project"Hunan Agricultural Industry Safety Assessment and Early Warning Research"(22YBA161).
文摘The safety of agricultural industry in Hunan Province shows an upward trend from"basically safe"to"very safe",but the state in the"safe"or"very safe"range is still unstable.In view of this,Hunan Province should guarantee the agricultural production ability,cultivate and enhance the core competitiveness of agriculture,firmly grasp the agricultural control power,attach importance to the export quality of agri-cultural products and other aspects to ensure the safety of agricultural industry.
基金an interim deliverable of the “Economic Developments in Contemporary China(1949-2018)” innovation project of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)
文摘From the perspective of economic system transformations and scientific and technological system reforms, this paper investigates the evolution of China’s national innovation system (NIS) during the 40 years of reform and opening up. It concludes that China’s NIS has evolved from weak to strong, from a follower groping its way onto the track of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. China’s innovation system has experienced a trajectory from “introduction and imitation of complete sets of technology” to “market for technology and imitative innovation,” to “integrated and secondary innovation” and on to “integrated, secondary, collaborative and original innovation combined.” The path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is a natural choice of economic, societal, and technological development in the new era.
文摘The Shenzhen Science and Technology Devleopment Co. Ltd., founded in 1985, has takes first place on the international market for its large export volume of high-tech products—magnetic heads for computer hardware discs in 1996. So far, the product has achieved a firm position on the international market through continuous efforts to renew the technical performance of its products. The products, functioning as a large storage capacity for hard disc drives, is internationally recognized as a high-tech product. During
文摘This paper studies the factors affecting the technology-transfer within international research and development (R&D) networks. Specifically, this study examines the characteristics of ties, actors, and international network configuration to assess finn's accessibility to unique technologies. This study was conducted by research analysis in the aerospace industry. The total sample size used in this study is 125 cases of international R&D consortiums from January 1980 to December 2000. The result of this study supports the effects of "strength of tie" and "characteristic of actors" on the technology transfer explained by network theory. It also demonstrates that the international network structure that would facilitate the technology transfer is shaped by dual type of tie; the apparent type of tie is general, usual, and functional tie, and the hidden one is the national culture.
文摘Industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology is an essential part of tropical agricultural technological innovation.This paper firstly analyzed development mode of industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology in Chin and then came up with recommendations for developing industrialization of tropical agricultural science and technology.
文摘Ⅰ. ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL At present there are 795 research institutes in China (in 1987 there were 351 independent ones and 441 affiliated ones) under the Chinese Academy of Medical Science,the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine,the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Chinese Academy of Military Medicine.They are playing the role of research centers for basic and clinical medicine,preventive medicine,traditional Chinese medicine,and mili-