Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Management of Graf IIa Dysplastic Hip

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) describes a wide range of anatomic abnormalities of the growing hips which might result in permanent abnormal gait. Therefore, early detection and management is crucial to improve the outcome and minimise the risk of osteoarthritis in later life. Hip ultrasound is used to evaluate DDH based on Graf classification. Graf score is a widely used ultrasound grading score to evaluate DDH in infants. There is conflicting evidence regarding the management of the developmentally immature Graf type IIa hip. Some physicians adopt watchful waiting for natural maturation of hips while other early treatment. This article will provide an evidence-based review on the management modalities of the Graf type IIa hip.

Revision of Outcomes and Complications Following Open Reduction, and Zigzag Osteotomy Combined with Fibular Allograft for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Children

Background: Reports of the efficacy of open reduction and Zigzag Osteotomy combined Fibular Allograft (ZOFA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the long-term outcomes and complications after surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective match-controlled study in which 158 patients had 181 hips with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Radiographs were found of acetabular index, height of dislocation, Tönnis grade, abduction angle in the spica cast, and Severin grade. At final follow-up, deformity of femoral head or neck or acetabulum was evaluated according to the Severin. Avascular necrosis was rated according to Kalamchi. Clinical evaluation was made according to modified McKay criteria. Results: Between 2009 and 2012, 133 girls (84.2%) and 25 boys (15.8%) with developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent open reduction and ZOFA;135 (85.4%) were unilateral, and 23 (14.6%) were bilateral. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 54 patients (62 hips) aged 12 months - ≤18 months and group 2 included 84 patients (119 hips), aged >18 months - ≤36 months. According to Tönnis system: type 3 appeared in 127 hips (70.2%), and Type 4 in 54 hip (29.8%). The anterior approach was used to expose inner table of the ilium and ZOFA in all cases. Acetabular index was improved;preoperation was 42.95°, and latest follow-up 17.26°. The Kirschner Wires (KW) were not used to fix the fibular allograft at the pelvic osteotomy site. All of the fibular allografts were completely incorporated in mean time of 14 weeks (range, 12 weeks - 17 weeks) post-surgery. Clinical evaluation according to modified McKay criteria: satisfactory result (excellent and good) was achieved in 141 hips (77.9%). Avascular Necrosis (AVN) happened in 61 hips (33.7%), redislocation in 18 hips (9.9%), coxa vara in 4 hips (2.2%), trendelenburg gait in 4 hips (2.2%), and supracondylar femoral fractures in 2 hips (1.1%). Conclusions: On the basis of this study, ZOFA was strength and graft was not resorption, graft problems;without medial displacement of the distal fragment. Acetabular index was improved, without KW problem. Surgical technique with ZOFA did not expose outer table of the illium, limiting abductor muscle injury with negative trendelenburg gait;on the other hand, the blood loss from this procedure is acceptable. Some complications have been seen in this study: AVN, redislocation, coxa magna, coxa vara, trendelenburg gait, and distal femoral fracture.

Congenital Dislocation of the Hip in Children between the Ages of One and Three: Open Reduction and Modified Salter Innominate Osteotomy Combined with Fibular Allograft

Background: Innominate osteotomy procedures have been widely used as an integral component of combined surgery to treat developmental dysplasia of the hip in children. Autograft concern is further supported by authors who suggest the routine use of internal fixation. Problems such as graft extrusion, rotation and absorption, leading to loss of acetabular correction, were often noted in cases previously treated at our National Hospital for Pediatrics. This retrospective study reviewed the radiographic results of this treatment protocol in 106 hips developmental dislocated hips which met our inclusion criteria. The efficacy of this method to achieve and maintain a well covered and stable hip was the main objective of the study. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the radiographs of 106 hips presenting with developmental dislocation which were treated by modified Salter’s innomiate osteotomy and using a fibular allograft as the interposition material. Dislocations of the hip were graded using the T?nnis system. Measurement of the acetabular index (AI) was the main variable. The minimum follow up period was 2 years. Possible complications such as loss of acetabular correction, hip redislocation, graft extrusion or resorption, the need for osteotomy internal fixation, delayed or non union, infection or avascular necrosis (AVN) were documented in this series. Results: Between January 2004 and December 2008, 106 surgeries were performed in 95 patients. Sixty-three (86.3%) of the patients were girls and ten (13.7%) were boys, thirteen patients (13.7%) were between twelve and eighteen months old at the time of the operation, the remaining eighty-two (86.3%) patients being between eighteen and thirty-six months old, with the mean age of 22.6 months at the time of surgery. There were eleven (11.6%) patients who had bilateral dislocation. Eighty-four (88.4%) patients were affected unilaterally. The right hip was involved in seventeen (17.9%) and the left hip in sixty-seven (70.5%) cases. T?nnis system Type 3 was in 34 hip (32.1%), and Type 4 was in 72 hip (67.9%). All patients combined open reduction and modified Salter’s innomiate osteotomy, inserting a fibular allograft as the interposition material. Acetabular index was improved, preoperation was 42.95°, and latest follow-up 19.15°, concentrical acetabulum 93.7%. All of the fibulat allografts were completely incorporated mean 14 weeks (range, 12 weeks - 17 weeks) post-surgery. There were five (4.7%) redislocation and subluxation, three AVN (2.8%) and five (4.7%) coxa magna Without graft infections, none of the osteotomies required internal fixation for stability. Final results: Excellent 70 (66.0%), Good 29 (27.4%), Fair 2 (1.9%), Poor 5 (4.7%). Conclusion: Open reduction and modified Salter’s innomiate osteotomy allow interposition material by fibular allografting with a short operative incision, renders excellent osteotomy stability that eliminates the need for internal fixation. Surgical technique are safe and effective for Children between twelve and thirty-six months old.

髋臼内陷技术对成人DDH全髋关节置换术髋臼杯生物力学影响的有限元分析

目的 探讨髋臼内陷技术对成人发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip, DDH)髋关节置换术后髋臼假体的生物力学效应。方法 获取1名成人单侧DDH患者双侧髋关节CT图像数据,进一步构建患侧半骨盆有限元模型。在此基础上,建立臼杯不同内陷水平的有限元模型,对比分析原位组和不同水平内移组之间的生物力学差异。结果 在模拟拔出试验中,原位组最大抗拔出载荷强度为1 166 N;相比原位组,4 mm和8 mm内移组抗拔出载荷强度分别增加了45.8%和57.1%;原位组髋臼假体在步态周期站立位相载荷工况下臼杯-骨界面最大微动为166.4μm,内移4 mm及8 mm组相对原位组分别减少了46.2%和62.1%。对于臼杯植入后髋臼周围即刻应力分布,不同组别之间的差异并不显著;而在步态周期站立位相载荷工况下,原位组髋臼周围平均应力及峰值应力均最小,平均应力随内移程度的增加而增大,内移4 mm组峰值应力最高。结论 相较原位植入假体,髋臼内陷技术可以提高假体初始稳定性,稳定性和内移程度成正比。但内移程度不足导致骨覆盖面积不足时,臼杯-骨界面边缘应力显著增加,可能会导致假体相关并发症风险的升高。

彩色多普勒超声检查在DDH多种高危因素新生儿髋关节发育筛查中的应用

本文选择因伴DDH多种高危因素接受髋关节发育筛查的新生儿115例作为研究组,另选择同期于本院接受儿童保健检查的100例正常新生儿作为对照组。观察两组新生儿的彩色多普勒超声检查髋关节α角、β角,并经Graf髋关节病理分型分析彩超筛查结果。本文经彩超Graf法检查发现,研究组新生儿的髋关节α角显著低于对照组,但髋关节β角显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。彩色多普勒超声检查在DDH多种高危因素新生儿髋关节发育筛查中的应用价值高,能准确评价DDH发病类型,并能显示不同DDH高危因素中新生儿DDH发生的差异性,可尽早为新生儿提供有效诊断和治疗。

超声引导下右美托咪定混合罗哌卡因FICB对DDH手术的镇痛效果

目的评价超声引导下右美托咪定混合罗哌卡因髂筋膜间隙阻滞(FICB)对小儿髋部手术的镇痛效果。方法选取2014年1月至2015年6月在佛山市中医院择期行单侧发育性髋脱位手术的患儿60例,采用随机数字表法,将患者分为两组(各30例)。观察组气管插管全麻复合超声引导下1μg/kg右美托咪定混合0.2%罗哌卡因1mL/kg FICB,对照组单用气管插管全麻,两组术后均行芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。分别记录术中芬太尼用量,及术后1、2、4、8、12、24、48h的患儿哭泣、呼吸、循环、表情和睡眠疼痛行为学评分,PCIA按压次数,记录不良反应发生情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组术中芬太尼用量显著减少(49.68±15.29μg vs 68.55±20.03μg,t=4.102,P<0.05),术后各时点CRIES疼痛行为学评分(t=3.644~21.610)及PCIA按压次数(t=3.260~31.770)显著低于对照组(均P<0.05),两组均未见有呼吸抑制。观察组恶心呕吐发生2例(6.67%),对照组恶心呕吐发生6例(20.00%)(x~=2.308,P=0.129);观察组瘙痒发生1例(3.33%),对照组瘙痒发生4例(13.33%)(x^2=1.964,P=0.161)。结论超声引导下1μg/kg右美托咪定混合0.2%罗哌卡因1mL/kg FICB可有效缓解小儿发育性髋脱位(DDH)手术患者疼痛,且无明显不良反应,镇痛效果确切持久,实施方法简便易行。

用c/b比率及AI评价DDH治疗后髋臼的发育

目的 观察发育性髋关节发育不良（ＤＤＨ） 治疗后股骨头同心复位、髋臼发育的情况，预测髋臼的发育。方法 应用ｃ／ｂ 比率和髋臼指数（ＡＩ） 对４ 个月～５ 岁的１５１ 例单侧ＤＤＨ治疗后与健侧髋关节进行对比观察。结果 治疗后患侧髋臼发育的速度１ 年内最快，１ ～３ 年较快，以后逐渐减慢；健侧髋臼发育此特征不明显。结论 ｃ／ｂ 比率和ＡＩ能很好地提示髋臼发育不良治疗后的发育。

术前测量预估DDH患者全髋置换术后股骨柄前倾角方法

目的根据生物型股骨柄设计原理,通过比较全髋置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)术前不同CT平面测量所得股骨前倾角与术后股骨柄前倾角,找到术前测量预估发育性髋关节不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者THA后股骨柄前倾角方法。方法选取2007年9月~2013年5月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院行初次THA符合DDH诊断的患者21位(28髋),术前及术后均行CT扫描,术前选取头下平面、小粗隆平面和小粗隆平面上1 cm及2 cm 4个平面的前后皮质角平分线与股骨远端内外侧髁最大时后缘连线的夹角,以及大、小粗隆顶点中间平面后侧皮质切线与小粗隆中心上2 cm平面前侧皮质切线的角平分线与股骨远端内外侧髁最大时内外侧髁后方连线夹角(分别记为股骨前倾角1~5)。术后选取股骨柄假体最长水平层面,测量假体前后对称轴线与股骨远端内外侧髁最大时后缘连线的夹角作为术后股骨柄前倾角。同时测量髋臼杯假体前倾角、股骨假体矢状位矢状倾斜角度。比较术前各个股骨前倾角与术后股骨柄假体前倾角并进行相关性分析。结果股骨前倾角1~5分别为17.70°±10.54°、35.59°±7.21°、31.09°±7.98°、24.71°±9.11°、21.94°±10.10°。股骨柄假体前倾角为20.52°±10.90°。术后假体柄前倾角与股骨前倾角1~4之间差值分别为2.82°±6.27°、-15.08°±7.99°、-13.80°±15.68、-4.19°±5.69°、-1.42°±4.07°,髋臼假体前倾角为25.60°±11.65°,术后复合前倾角为46.11°±13.28°,假体矢状倾斜角为1.13°±1.53°。术前股骨前倾角1~4与术后假体前倾角均有统计学差异(P<0.05),股骨前倾角5与术后假体前倾角无统计学差异;术前各前倾角与术后假体前倾角相关系数分别为0.829、0.681、0.689、0.853、0.928。结论股骨前倾角5与术后股骨柄前倾角具有高相关性,可作为替代股骨柄前倾角的有效方法。

DDH患者全髋关节置换中股骨偏心距对骨肌多体动力学和接触力学的影响

目的探讨先天性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中股骨偏心距的生物力学影响。方法以1例CroweⅣ型DDH女性患者的相关数据为材料,基于骨肌多体动力学软件AnyBody,建立与患者对应的个体化THA下肢骨肌多体动力学模型,分析股骨偏心距在±20 mm内变化时髋关节力、外展肌力的改变。同时建立不同偏心距下股骨-S-ROM假体动态有限元模型,由骨肌模型计算的不同偏心距下水平匀速行走步态内的动态载荷被加载至相应的有限元模型,对S-ROM假体柄与袖套之间的应力、接触应力和微动进行分析。结果股骨偏心距±20 mm内的变化对髋关节力峰值影响较小,股骨偏心距减小会导致外展肌力峰值显著增加,股骨偏心距增大会导致柄的最大应力、接触应力和微动显著增加。结论 DDH患者THA中股骨偏心距改变对外展肌力和假体最大应力、接触应力与微动影响显著,医生应予以考虑。

张家港市7830名婴儿DDH筛查结果分析

目的了解张家港市6月龄以内婴儿髋关节发育状况及超声筛查发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)的检出率,探讨筛查模式的可行性,以便早期诊断、干预,降低整体人群发育性髋关节发育不良发病率与致残率。方法利用妇幼保健三级网络,对张家港市7 830名6月龄以内的婴儿进行髋关节超声检查与流行病学调查。结果超声筛查检出率为4.15%(325/7 830),其中女婴发育性髋关节发育不良检出率明显高于男婴(x^2=67.64,P<0.05);左侧发生率高于右侧(x^2=5.15,P<0.05);秋季出生婴儿髋关节超声筛查结果异常率高于夏、春、冬季(x^2=68.46,P<0.05)。经随访有10名婴儿临床诊断为先天性髋关节脱位。结论以政府为主导,利用妇幼三级网络早期筛查婴儿发育性髋关节异常值得推广。

比较二维与三维超声在婴儿DDH诊疗中的应用研究

目的研究二维与三维超声在婴儿髋关节发育不良(DDH)诊疗中的应用价值。方法选取2019年3月至2020年4月上饶市立医院收治的30例临床怀疑为DDH的患儿,均接受髋关节二维与三维超声检查。比较二维与三维的检查时间、患儿检查依从性及二维、三维超声检查一致性。结果两组患儿进行三维超声的检查时间短于二维超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿进行三维超声的检查依从性高于二维超声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二维超声诊断敏感度为68.42%、特异性为90.91%、准确率为76.67%、阳性预测值为92.86%、阴性预测值为62.50%、Kappa值为0.541;三维超声诊断敏感度为84.21%、特异性为90.91%、准确率为86.67%、阳性预测值为94.11%、阴性预测值为76.92%、Kappa值为0.724。结论三维超声可缩短患儿检查时间,更精确观察髋关节情况,且诊断价值较高,可作为常规检查方法。

发育性髋关节发育不良患者髋臼发育程度与脊柱-骨盆参数的相关性

背景:在发育性髋关节发育不良的相关研究中,大部分集中于髋关节畸形,目前缺乏髋臼发育不良对脊柱影响的报道。目的:探讨发育性髋关节发育不良患者冠状位及矢状位脊柱-骨盆参数代偿情况,并探讨髋臼发育程度与脊柱-骨盆参数的相关性。方法:选择2018年1月至2022年6月于广州中医药大学第三附属医院就诊的发育性髋关节发育不良患者101例(试验组),选择同期健康体检者114例(对照组),两组均拍摄冠状位及矢状位脊柱全长X射线片,获取以下脊柱-骨盆参数:腰椎前凸角、骨盆前倾角、胸腰椎后凸角、Cobb角及C_(7)铅垂线与骶骨中垂线的距离、骶骨倾斜角、骨盆入射角、胸椎后凸角,对比两组受试对象脊柱-骨盆参数差异;另外,对比单侧、双侧以及不同Crowe分型发育性髋关节发育不良患者的脊柱-骨盆参数差异,采用Pearson相关分析探讨髋臼发育程度(Sharp角)与脊柱-骨盆参数的相关性。结果与结论:(1)在矢状位上,试验组腰椎前凸角小于对照组(P<0.05),骨盆倾斜角、胸腰段后凸角大于对照组(P<0.05);在冠状位上,试验组Cobb角、C_(7)铅垂线与骶骨中垂线的距离大于对照组(P<0.05);两组间其余脊柱-骨盆参数测量值比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);(2)双侧发育性髋关节发育不良患者的腰椎前凸角小于单侧发育性髋关节发育不良患者(P<0.05),骨盆倾斜角、胸腰段后凸角、Cobb角及C_(7)铅垂线与骶骨中垂线的距离均大于单侧发育性髋关节发育不良患者(P<0.05);(3)腰椎前凸角随着Crowe分型严重程度的增加而减少(P<0.05),骨盆倾斜角随着Crowe分型严重程度的增加而增加(P<0.05);(4)Pearson相关分析显示,Sharp角与腰椎前凸角呈负相关(P<0.05),骨盆前倾角、Cobb角及C_(7)铅垂线与骶骨中垂线呈正相关(P<0.05);(5)结果显示,发育性髋关节发育不良患者的骨盆倾斜角、胸腰段后凸角、Cobb角及C_(7)铅垂线与骶骨中垂线的距离增大,腰椎前凸角减少;髋臼发育不良程度与腰椎前凸角、骨盆倾斜角、Cobb角及C_(7)铅垂线与骶骨中垂线呈显著的相关性。

弧形髋臼截骨术对腰椎生物力学影响

目的建立健康志愿者、髋关节发育不良(development dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者手术前后股骨-骨盆-腰椎模型,研究弧形髋臼截骨术对腰椎生物力学影响。方法利用CT扫描获取4名DDH患者手术前后以及1名健康志愿者股骨-骨盆-腰椎DICOM数据,构建三维有限元模型。在Geomagic中采用偏移命令划分皮质骨与松质骨,在SolidWorks中添加腰椎软骨、骶髂关节、耻骨联合等软骨,在ANASYS中对模型进行有限元分析,步态为慢走中的单腿支撑中期相。分析对比DDH患者手术前后腰椎生物力学变化,将患者术后腰椎生物力学数据与健康志愿者进行对比。结果建立了4组患者和1组健康志愿者股骨-骨盆-腰椎模型,模型在各工况下结果均在所参考的文献范围内,证明模型有效。患者术后腰椎、股骨颈、纤维环与髓核所受应力远小于患者术前的状态,患者术后腰椎、股骨颈、纤维环与髓核所受应力与健康志愿者相近。结论弧形髋臼截骨术在治疗DDH后会显著降低腰椎、椎间盘所受应力,纤维环与髓核受力也更加均匀,说明弧形髋臼截骨术会将患者调整到健康状态。研究结果为临床治疗DDH提供了生物力学依据,有助于优化手术方案。

Graf法联合Harcke法在婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良早期诊断中的疗效评估

目的分析联合应用Graf和Harcke超声检查技术对婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)早期诊断和疗效评估的临床价值。方法收集2017年1月至2023年2月郑州大学附属儿童医院6月龄以内具有DDH高危风险的120例(240髋)患儿临床资料,其中男54例,女66例,月龄1~6(2.53±0.68)个月。联合应用Graf法和Harcke法评估髋关节发育情况和稳定性,对经过治疗的患儿1岁后进行X线复查,应用国际髋关节发育不良协会(IHDI)分型评估DDH治疗效果。结果超声首次检查共发现可疑异常髋关节24髋,占10.00%(24/240),4~6周后复查均转为正常髋关节。异常髋关节76髋,占31.67%(76/240),其中GrafⅠ型“不稳定”12髋,GrafⅡa“不稳定”4髋,4~6周后复查14例转为正常,2例转为GrafⅡb型而给予外科治疗;发育不良髋关节43例,脱位髋关节17例,均接受外科干预治疗。1岁后,接受治疗的62髋进行X线复查均转为IHDIⅠ型,髋臼指数为(25±2)°。结论Graf法和Harcke法分别从静态和动态不同角度观察髋关节,二者联合应用,在全面筛查DDH和评估治疗效果中具有较高的临床价值。

基于深度学习的儿童骨盆X线片质量控制模型的构建与应用

目的提出一种基于深度学习的儿童骨盆正位X线片质量评估方法,构建诊断模型并验证其临床可行性。方法回顾性收集3247例儿童骨盆正位X线片,随机分为训练数据集、验证数据集及测试数据集。构建人工智能模型,评估质量控制模型可靠性。结果模型的诊断准确率、ROC曲线下面积、灵敏度及特异度分别为99.4%、0.993、98.6%和100.0%。模型的骨盆倾斜指数95%一致性界限为-0.052~0.072;骨盆旋转指数95%一致性界限为-0.088~0.055。结论该研究首次尝试将AI算法应用于儿童骨盆X线片的质量评估,并显著改善了儿童发育性髋关节发育不良的诊疗现状。

单侧发育性髋关节脱位患儿早期进行Pemberton截骨术后的足底压力分析

目的研究单侧发育性髋关节脱位（developmental dysplasia of thehip，DDH）患儿早期进行Pemberton截骨术（Pemberton’s pericapsular osteotomy，PPO）后的足底压力变化情况，为患者的手术治疗和康复提供有参考价值的生物力学结果。方法选取18名4岁前已行PPO的单侧DDH患儿作为实验组，同时以18名同年龄健康儿童作为对照组，采用Footscan。足底压力测试系统进行动态足底压力测试。通过比较实验组与对照组足底各分区接触面积百分比（CA％）、压强时间积分（胛I）和站立相各分期时间百分比（CT％），评估行走状态下患者足底压力的变化。结果与对照组和患者健肢相比，患肢在第2—5趾区PTI较高，在足跟内侧区PTI较低。与健肢和对照组相比，患肢第4、5跖骨区CA％较大，而第1、2跖骨区CA％较健肢小。与健肢和对照组相比，患肢前足离地期CT％增大，足跟着地期CT％减少，且总的触地时间更短。结论DDH患者在早期进行PPO后足底压力存在残余异常，临床中还需要长时间的强化康复治疗来矫正患者异常的足底压力分布。

全髋关节置换结构性植骨治疗髋臼发良不良伴股骨头坏死

目的:评价全髋关节置换、结构性植骨治疗髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死的近期手术效果。方法:对9例髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死患者行全髋关节置换、结构性植骨术的治疗,髋臼杯置于真臼,之后行髋臼结构性植骨。结果:平均随访3.5年,除1例患者夜间睡眠时发生髋关节后脱位,其余病例均未出现脱位。术后3个月X线片提示结构性植骨块愈合良好,假体无移位,患髋活动灵活。结论:全髋关节置换、结构性植骨治疗髋臼发育不良伴股骨头坏死近期手术效果良好。

婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良的超声筛查--130例婴幼儿筛查分析

目的探讨超声在婴幼儿发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)诊断中的临床价值。方法选取2014年10月至2015年11月在北京妇产医院健康体检的6个月内婴幼儿1 301例(2 602个髋关节)进行Graf法髋关节超声检查,对髋关节进行测量及分型,确定正常、可疑、异常髋关节;对初筛检出的可疑患儿1个月后复查髋关节超声,并对结果进行分析。结果正常髋关节占96.85%(2 520/2 602),可疑髋关节占2.69%(70/2 602),异常髋关节占0.46%(12/2 602),左侧髋关节DDH检出率明显高于右侧(x^2=7.59,P<0.05)。双侧髋关节均无异常的婴儿占96.62%(1 257/1 301),可疑患儿占2.92%(38/1 301),异常患儿占0.92%(12/1 301),女婴DDH检出率明显高于男婴(x^2=90.38,P<0.05),臀位产婴儿DDH检出率均明显高于其他组婴儿(x^2=3.84,P<0.05)。对38例可疑病例进行超声随访,有2.38%(31/1 301)于首次复查时恢复正常,有0.31%(4/1 301)于第2次复查时恢复正常,有3例转为异常患儿。结论超声检查能有效地评估婴幼儿髋关节发育情况,可作为婴幼儿DDH早期筛查和随访的主要手段,为早期干预治疗起到重要作用。

2009-2012年北京市2118例发育性髋关节发育不良筛查工作中体格检查的可靠性分析

目的探讨体格检查在发育性髋关节发育不良（DDH）筛查工作中作为诊断依据的可靠性。方法 2118例就诊于北京儿童医院DDH筛查门诊的患儿纳入本研究,所有病例经过病史采集,体格检查以及影像学检查后做出确定诊断,分析体格检查、病史与DDH的关联,评估体格检查结果作为初筛转诊的依据是否可靠。结果 2118例患儿中,年龄〈6个月组DDH患儿126例,6个月-1岁组DDH患儿50例;〉1岁组DDH患儿10例。体格检查最常见的为双下肢皮纹不对称,其次主要有双髋外展不对称、双髋外展受限、双下肢不等长、髋关节外展弹响。3个年龄组中,体格检查阳性与最终确诊DDH存在一致性（P〈0.05）。结论体格检查结果作为DDH筛查工作的诊断依据是可靠的,但最终诊断需要根据患儿病史、体格检查、影像学检查结果综合判断。

比基尼切口微创髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良的临床疗效

目的研究比基尼切口直接前方入路(DAA 入路)微创人工髋关节置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良(DDH)伴骨关节炎的临床疗效和并发症。方法回顾性研究2019 年1 月至2019 年12 月上海交通大学附属第一人民医院收治的78 例DDH 髋关节骨关节炎患者,38 例行比基尼切口DAA 入路人工全髋关节置换术,40 例行传统后外侧入路人工全髋关节置换术。收集两组病例资料,比较手术时间、手术总出血量、住院时间、髋关节Harris 评分、患者满意度及术后并发症情况。结果两组病例平均随访时间18 个月,平均手术时间和出血量两组比较差异无统计学意义,比基尼切口DAA 入路组分别为(82.5±9.9) min 和(289.7±31.8) mL,传统入路组分别为(79.9±5.5) min 和(301.2±32.4) mL。平均总住院时间DAA 入路组为(4.7±1.2) d,明显少于传统入路组(9.6±1.2) d(P <0.05)。两组术后1 个月、1 年髋关节Harris 评分都较术前有显著改善,但术后1 个月时比基尼切口DAA 入路组优于传统入路组( P<0.05)。两组术后患者总体满意度均大于95%,但比基尼切口DAA 入路组对于皮肤疤痕的满意度更高(P <0.05)。两组术后平均18 个月随访均未发生人工关节脱位和感染,比基尼切口DAA 入路组仅有2 例发生股外侧皮神经损伤,且在术后1 年随访时均恢复。传统入路组有4 例发生双下肢不等长超过1 cm。结论比基尼切口DAA 入路微创人工髋关节置换术是治疗DDH 髋关节骨关节炎的有效方法,术后恢复比传统手术更快,且患者满意度更高。