A dynamic regulation of nitrogen on floret primordia development in wheat

Nitrogen(N)fertilization is critical for spike and floret development,which affects the number of fertile florets per spike(NFFs).However,the physiological regulation of the floret development process by N fertilization is largely unknown.A high temporal-resolution investigation of floret primordia number and morphology,dry matter,and N availability was conducted under three N fertilization levels:0(N0),120(N1)and 240(N2)kg ha^(−1).Interestingly,fertile florets at anthesis stage were determined by those floret primordia with meiotic ability at booting stage:meiotic ability was a threshold that predicted whether a floret primordium became fertile or abortive florets.Because the developmental rate of the 4th floret primordium in the central spikelet was accelerated and then they acquired meiotic ability,the NFFs increased gradually as N application increased,but the increase range decreased under N2.There were no differences in spike N concentration among treatments,but leaf N concentration was increased in the N1 and N2 treatments.Correspondingly,dry matter accumulation and N content of the leaf and spike in the N1 and N2 treatments was increased as compared to N0.Clearly,optimal N fertilization increased leaf N availability and transport of assimilates to spikes,and allowed more floret primordia to acquire meiotic ability and become fertile florets,finally increasing NFFs.There was no difference in leaf N concentration between N1 and N2 treatment,whereas soil N concentration at 0–60 cm soil layers was higher in N2 than in N1 treatment,implying that there was still some N fertilization that remained unused.Therefore,improving the leaf’s ability to further use N fertilizer is vital for greater NFFs.

A Historical Approach on the Opportunity to Acquire Technology Development Capability in Turkish Automobile Industry

Turkey has given importance to the development of the automobile industry since the Ottoman period.While the Ottomans,who were aware of the development process of the automobile industry in the world,provided transportation by horse-drawn carriage,they thought of importing automobiles for the Sultan and high-level bureaucrats in an effort to switch to automobile transportation.However,after the proclamation of the Republic,automobile production started,just like airplanes.While a factory was established for the production of a domestic aircraft,the first automobile production facility was established in Istanbul in 1929 by the American Ford company.This factory was closed after a short time due to the world economic crisis.After the activities of the Kayseri Aircraft Factory,which lasted until 1948,came to an end,this time,Revolution car prototypes could be manufactured completely domestically in 1961.After the project,which did not go into mass production,the KoçGroup started to produce the domestically-made Anadol car with technology transfer from multiple sources in 1967,but the production of Anadol continued until 1984.In 1971,Renault cars started to be produced under the French Renault license,and TOFAŞcars under the Italian FIAT license.Towards the end of the 1970s,creative imitation applications were made in TOFAŞcars with the bird series.In the 1990s,the production of Japanese Honda and Toyota and South Korean Hyundai cars started.In 2011,the idea of producing a domestic automobile emerged,the Devrim automobile was taken as an example in this project,the first Togg prototype was manufactured with technology transfer from multiple sources in December 2018,and it was announced that mass production would begin in March 2023.The 12-year period from 2011 to 2023 is too long for the creation of a domestic automobile.It has been understood that this long process has been passed in order to regain the pre-1980 level of technological ability.However,the most important thing is the transition from the creative imitation stage to the innovation stage.Our wish is that this process can be shortened with phase skipping approaches.

Research on the Ability of Regional Industrial Sustainable Development

In this paper, firstly, we construct the regional industrial sustainable development indicator system which are consist with resource, environment, technology and industrial economy efficiency levels and 16 indicators from the perspective of “two-oriented society”;Secondly, using the method of AHP to determine the weight of each indicator and evaluate the ability of industrial sustainable development of 30 regions in China;Finally, according to the results, we used the method of cluster analysis to put the regions into classification and then author put forward certain suggestions to improve the ability of industrial sustainable development of each region.

Career Development Ability:A New Orientation of Professional Degree Postgraduate Training Concept

Positioning the concept of the professional degree postgraduate cultivation with"professional development abilities"conforms to the essence of the professional degree postgraduate cultivation,clarifies the main body of the professional development,deepens the connotation of the professional degree postgraduate cultivation,and highlights the training objectives of the high-level applied talents.The cultivation of the"career development ability"should be based on the"professional knowledge and scientific research abilities",with the"problem solving ability"as the core,and should be deeply integrated with the industry.

Embryonic skeleton development and neonatal learning and memory ability of rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium: Differences of administration occasion and time

BACKGROUND: Generally speaking, anesthesia is often used in gravid body and it has been already proved that many kind of medicine can result in malformation. OBJECTIVE: To explore embryonic skeleton development and neonatal learning and memory of rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium in gravid rats. DESIGN: A randomized control trial. SETTING: Laboratory Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical College. MATERIALS: A total of 80 adult female SD rats, of clean grade and weighing 220-240 g, were selected in this study. The main reagents were detailed as follows: pentobarbital sodium (Shanghai Xingzhi Chemical Plant, batch number: 921019); MG-2 maze test apparatus (Zhangjiagang Biomedical Instrument Factory); somatotype microscope (Beijing Taike Instrument Co., Ltd.). METHODS: ① A total of 160 SD rats of half males and females were selected in this study. All rats were copulated. The day that the plug was checked out in the vagina next day was looked as the first day of pregnancy. Gravid rats were divided randomly into four groups, including early anesthesia group, second anesthesia group, late anesthesia group and control group with 20 in each group. Rats in the early anesthesia group were injected with 25 mg/kg soluble pentobarbitone on the 7th day of pregnancy for once; rats in the second anesthesia group were anesthetized with 25 mg/kg soluble pentobarbitone on the 7th and the 14th days of pregnancy for once; rats in the late anesthesia group were anesthetized with 25 mg/kg soluble pentobarbitone on the 14th day of pregnancy for once; rats in the control group did not treat with anything. The time of anesthetizing was controlled in 3 to 4 hours and ether was absorbed while the time was not enough. ② Half of each group was sacrificed on day 20th of pregnancy and the fetus was taken out to be stained with alizarin red S. After stained, the fetal skeleton was examined. The learning and memorizing of one-month rats that were given birth by the rest gravid rats were tested through electric mare method. Determine their study ability according to their correct rate of 90% or above of arrival at the safe area in 20 s. After they finally learned to arrive at the safe area correctly, test them once more in 24 hours and record the correct rate of 15 times. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rate of malformation in fetus and ability of learning and memory in one-month rats. RESULTS: A total of 80 female rats were anesthetized in this experiment. Totally 490 immature rats were tested with maze testing machine and 196 fetuses were stained with alizarin red S to observe the development of their skeleton. However, one of the 80 female rats was led to death because of overdose. ① Malformation experiment: Learning ability of second anesthesia group was evidently different from the control group while the other two groups were not in the electric mare method. The fetal skeleton malformation rate of three experimental groups was 87.0%, 60.9% and 17.9%, respectively, while it was 5.6% in the control group. ② Electric mare method: Times of rats which arrived at the safe regions were respectively 49.0±31.0, 68.0±35.0, 47.0±31.0 and 44.0±21.0 in early anesthesia group, second anesthesia group, late anesthesia group and control group; and then, there was significant difference between the second anesthesia group and the control group (P < 0.05). Exact rates of memory of rats were respectively (64.36±14.35)%, (62.15±18.33)%, (54.19±12.28)% and (68.24±15.91)% in early anesthesia group, second anesthesia group, late anesthesia group and control group; and then, there were no significant differences as compared with the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The influence of anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium is obvious in fetal skeleton development and learning and memory ability.

Research on the Development Trend of Contemporary English Education Pattern under the Quality Education and Ability Oriented Background

In this research paper, we conduct research on development trend of contemporary English education pattern under the quality education and the ability oriented background. In learning, learn grammar use master grammar functions in use many teaching experts recommended is effective way. In this way, we can fully mobilize students＇ learning grammar effectiveness on the basis of can make them have more chance to practice. Participation can make students understand, no longer limited to simple memorization and found problems in study and communication with each other, to explore the problems and effectively improve English learning. The proposed methodology will enhance general performance of the contemporary English education and activate the students＇ learning passion.

The Composition and Promotion Strategy of Teachers'Curriculum Development Ability in Secondary Vocational Schools

The curriculum development ability of secondary vocational school teachers is a necessary professional ability for teachers.It has important practical significance and practical value for promoting secondary vocational education curriculum and teaching reform.On the basis of analyzing the connotation and composition of curriculum development ability of teachers in secondary vocational schools,this article proposes three strategies to improve the curriculum development ability of teachers in secondary vocational schools.

Countermeasures on Elevating Self-development Ability of Western Rural Areas on the Basis of Visual Threshold of Human Capital

The thesis underscores the significant role of human capital in elevating rural self-development ability.The investment of human capital is making great contribution to western rural economic growth,and it plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the socio-economic development prominently.The characteristics of human resources development in western rural areas for the moment are analyzed as follows:the employment structure is simple;the structure of human resources is irrational;the shortage of human resources aggregate is accompanied by the critical phenomenon of idling;the human resources drain badly;there is low input and low output of talents.The thesis also propounds the fundamental approaches in order to elevating self-development ability of western rural areas:we should practise and implement National Medium and Long-term Planning of Talents Development and lay down as soon as possible the detailed matching policies and measures based on the reality of western rural areas;we should develop the education in western rural areas vigorously,and formulate the developmental strategies of bridging "knowledge gap";we should establish sound rural human resources development system,and reinforce the degree of training returning-home migrant workers;we should adjust the structure of human investment timely as needed,and strengthen the degree of human capital investment conspicuously.

Impact of Rural Basic Human Capital Investment on Regional Development Ability

From the perspective of human resources development and regional economic cooperation,this paper expounds the basic conditions for socio-economic transformation and development in underdeveloped rural areas,and the ways to acquire basic human capital.On the basis of this,this paper further analyses the regional competitiveness difference arising from human capital difference,and proposes that we should solve this problem through sufficient supply of rural compulsory education.

The Construction of Linux System and Network Programming Course to Develop Engineering Ability

To meet society’s needs for undergraduate students to have engineering skills and to develop students’ability to operate Linux and engage in network software development,this paper proposes the construction of a new specialized course for network engineering major--Linux system and network programming.This paper analyzes the course’s advantages,presents the contents of this course,designs a series of teaching methods aimed at improving students’engineering ability,proposes a course assessment method that will encourage students to practice,lists the development requirements for an examination software designed for this course,and finally,presents the results of our practice in teaching this course.

Designing a Comprehensive Skill Evaluation and Vocational Ability Development Program for FTTH Installer

Recently, FTTH （fiber to the home） is spreading rapidly, and communication technology has become an indispensable part in our lives. FTTH installers who build the infi＇astructure must correspond to the progress of technology while ensuring a high quality of installation, and it is struggling to its counterpart. The present study is undertaken in order to propose effective vocational ability development program for FTTH installers from the approach of their skill. They are information network cabling-related qualification system and competitions as the ability evaluation system. Then the author concludes that this program makes a contribution to improving their skill and maintaining the quality of the optical fiber network in analyzing some example of actual installation work and the measurement result of the OTDR（optical time domain reflect） meter.

Historical Development in the Automotive Industries of Argentina and Turkey

It is possible to say that the automotive industries of Argentina,Brazil,and Turkey are each developed as an assembly industry and show great similarities to each other in this context.Since the 1980s,the development direction of the world automotive industry has been trying to make the country’s investment environment attractive for foreign international companies to produce in their countries in all three countries.However,with the 1980s,their adaptation to the flexible production system and other new technologies being implemented in the Japanese automotive industry took time,meaning that the learning time took a long time,and local contribution rates fell.This has made the slow development mechanism that has been going on since the past work even slower,and they have suffered the punishment for not being able to develop technologies in all three countries by falling behind in the automotive industry.In the 2000s,with technological advances in electric vehicles,when the use of electric vehicles began to become widespread,we can say that all three countries began to experience a new adaptation problem in the automotive industry more severely.In Turkey,this problem was experienced with all its weight along with the other country;in 2006,the policy of attracting foreign investment to the automotive industry was partially abandoned and the approach to producing domestic cars began to be considered,and in 2011,a decision was made to produce domestic cars.As of December 2019,a prototype of the domestic car has been produced by the automobile initiative group of Turkey and work has started for mass production.Thus,the problem of adaptation to the production of electric vehicles was desired to be overcome by moving to a new stage in the path of technology development.The South Korean automotive industry used this approach in the 1980s and was successful and soon gained the ability to develop technology.In order to see the success of the application of this method in Turkey,it is thought that it is necessary to wait for the result of the domestic car project.

Study on university teachers＇ career development complying with the connotative development in Shanxi province Taking young English teacher from Shaanxi University of Science and Technology for example

With the development of higher education in China, the social responsibility undertaken by higher education is becoming more and more obvious and knowledge innovation in universities, scientific research, teaching and others have played an important role for social and economic development. And the agent and practitioner of all the nature and content of these are teachers in universities and colleges which are the main power of education, teaching and research. Highly qualified team of teachers have an important value for higher education. New mode of higher education has also undergone a significant change from denotative growth gradually to connotative development concerning over personnel training and teaching quality, which bring up more requirements for the quality and ability of university teachers. Thus we will put forward a comprehensive analysis of how to comply with cormotative development and come up with new strategy of teachers＇ pro fessional development.

The Study on the personnel training mode based on the occupation ability development and excellence engineer training

As the application undergraduate course colleges and universities, a distinctive talent training system must be formed to achieve the target of practical and innovative talents training, which needs to constantly explore and innovate teaching mode. In the paper, talent training model based on the occupation ability development and Excellence Engineer training has carried on the deep discussion and research, thorough study and research.

How to develop students’ ability of reading comprehension

本文就如何培养学生的恶阅读理解能力提出两种方法 :一是课内三种层次的阅读理解 ;二是扩大词汇量。文章还对两个问题提出了具体的教学步骤。

对标高等教育强国:我国高等教育系统关键指标的国际对比分析

对标世界高等教育强国,可以从发展水平和贡献能力两个方面来把握我国高等教育系统的发展状况。在发展水平方面,从体量规模、经费投入、师资队伍、国际化四个维度选择了十个关键指标进行国际对比分析;在贡献能力方面,从教育机会获得、满足社会发展需要、促进科技创新发展三个维度选择了七个关键指标进行国际对比分析。结果表明,改革开放以来,我国高等教育发展取得了一些成就,但是仍存在诸多问题,只有客观认识成就、准确研判问题,才能找到未来建设教育强国的发力点和突破点。

Nature or Nurture—On the Development of Children's Language

Referring to children's development,especially the development of children's language,there is a question that people are very interested in,that is,does the development of children's language on earth depend on innate inheritance or postnatal environment? In order to answer this question,this paper begins with the definition of the development of children's language,then,expounds some theories on language acquisition,finally,finds out the crucial factors influencing the development of children's language.

应用型本科高校法学教育内涵式发展路径探析

应用型本科高校是培养社会主义法治人才的主体,在我国法学教育体系中发挥着重要作用,但是长期以来由于未能输出社会所需法治人才,法学专业毕业生就业低迷,人才供需脱节的矛盾长期存在。近年来,法学教育从注重办学规模转为提升办学质量,走内涵式发展之路成为共识,应用型本科高校法学专业在内涵式发展中要避免同质化,根据高校所在区域经济和社会发展状况找准定位,突出应用型、复合型法治人才培养方向,并通过改革实践课程,建设知行合一的教师队伍,实现人才培养目标。

规则计议影响下我国冰上舞蹈艺术性的提升策略

北京冬奥会上,我国冰上舞蹈项目取得第12名的历史最好成绩,但随着不久之后国际冰联对于花样滑冰项目规则进行的整体改革,我国在冰上舞蹈分项上也面临新的适应性考验。通过对比北京冬奥会我国冰上舞蹈组合王诗玥/柳鑫宇与前三名组合的成绩及具体评分情况,发现我国冰上舞蹈项目同世界顶尖水平存在一定的差距,且差距主要集中于技术动作完成的质量方面,这提示我们应从提升冰上舞蹈艺术性方面找补差距。对此,提出重视冰上舞蹈发展,提高项目扶持力度;把握表演整体性,重点加强编排质量;以完善步法为主,提升动作的艺术性;紧跟项目规则改革,找准评价的侧重点等策略。以期通过加深对于项目特征和艺术表达的理解,提高我国冰上舞蹈项目的综合竞技实力,争取在未来的国际比赛中取得更大的突破。