Technological progress and development directions of PetroChina overseas oil and gas field production

This study reviews the development history of PetroChina’s overseas oil and gas field development technologies, summarizes the characteristic technologies developed, and puts forward the development goals and technological development directions of overseas business to overcome the challenges met in overseas oil and gas production. In the course of PetroChina’s overseas oil and gas field production practice of more than 20 years, a series of characteristic technologies suitable for overseas oil and gas fields have been created by combining the domestic mature oil and gas field production technologies with the features of overseas oil and gas reservoirs, represented by the technology for high-speed development and stabilizing oil production and controlling water rise for overseas sandstone oilfields, high efficiency development technology for large carbonate oil and gas reservoirs and foamy oil depletion development technology in use of horizontal wells for extra-heavy oil reservoirs. Based on in-depth analysis of the challenges faced by overseas oil and gas development and technological requirements, combined with the development trends of oil and gas development technologies in China and abroad, overseas oil and gas development technologies in the future are put forward, including artificial intelligence reservoir prediction and 3 D geological modeling, secondary development and enhanced oil recovery(EOR) of overseas sandstone oilfields after high speed development, water and gas injection to improve oil recovery in overseas carbonate oil and gas reservoirs, economic and effective development of overseas unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, efficient development of marine deep-water oil and gas reservoirs. The following goals are expected to be achieved: keep the enhanced oil recovery(EOR) technology for high water-cut sandstone oilfield at international advanced level, and make the development technology for carbonate oil and gas reservoirs reach the international advanced level, and the development technologies for unconventional and marine deep-water oil and gas reservoirs catch up the level of international leading oil companies quickly.

Study on the Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Field Development on the Ecological Red Line Area

To cooperate with the five ministries and commissions of the state to carry out joint investigation on the environmentally sensitive areas involved in oil and gas exploration and development,for the problems found in survey,containing complex type and numerous amount of ecologically sensitive space and ecological red line involved in oil and gas field enterprises,scientific nature of delimitation,lack of strong support of laws and regulations for forced withdrawal of oil and gas production facilities in these areas,some countermeasures and suggestions were proposed,such as further evaluating and combing scope and functional zoning of existing environmentally sensitive areas and ecological red lines,treating differently,enhancing pertinence of prohibition in ecologically sensitive regions,declining blindness of the withdrawal of oil and gas facilities in environmentally sensitive areas,strengthening seriousness of approval of exploration and mining rights of oil and gas resources,and establishing strategic reserve exploration and hierarchical development mechanism. Moreover,oil and gas field enterprises should integrate more efforts to ① accelerate to find out the current situation of environmental quality,② adhere to developing in protection,and protecting in development,③ increase attention and participation strengthen of providing technical support for national oil and gas exploration and development strategy evaluation,④ accelerate communication and docking with local governments on the ecological red line,⑤ actively strive to be included in the positive list management of local governments,⑥ accelerate to establish and perfect primary database of oil and gas production and facilities construction,and ⑦ document management information system of the ecological red line.

Bargaining strategy of oil companies in international oil and gas development Projects-Based on a bilateral bargaining model

Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.Foreign oil companies might change their unfavorable negotiating position by changing the order of bidding and adjusting bidding strategies.This paper introduces both factors into a bilateral bargaining model to study the impact of information asymmetry and bidding order on the strategy and equilibrium returns of oil companies.According to the ownership of the right to bid first,two scenarios are designed for the model to compare the equilibrium returns of the host country and oil companies.The results show that:1)There is a first-mover advantage in the process of bilateral bidding,so oil companies better bid first;2)The information asymmetry will lead to a higher nominal income ratio of oil companies and a lower nominal income ratio of the host country,but it doesn’t affect the total income ratio at all.

Development characteristics, models and strategies for overseas oil and gas fields

Based on about 20 years of accumulated experience and knowledge of oil and gas field development in overseas countries and regions for China's oil companies, the development features, ideas, models and plan designing strategies of overseas oil and gas fields were comprehensively summarized. Overseas oil and gas field development has ten major features, such as non-identity project resource, diversity of contract type, complexity of cooperation model, and so on. The overseas oil and gas field development aims at the maximization of production and benefit during the limited contract period, so the overseas oil and gas field development models are established as giving priority to production by natural energy, building large-scale production capacity, putting into production as soon as possible, realizing high oil production recovery rate, and achieving rapid payback period of investment. According to the overseas contract mode, a set of strategies for overseas oil and gas field development plans were made. For tax systems contracts, the strategy is to adopt the mode of "first fat and then thinner, easier in the first and then harder", that is, early investment pace, production increase rate, development workload and production were decided by the change of tax stipulated in the contract. For production share contracts, the strategy is to give priority to high production with a few wells at a high production recovery rate to increase the cost-oil and shorten the period of payback. For technical service contracts, the strategy is that the optimal production target and workload of the project were determined by the return on investment, so as to ensure that the peak production and stable production periods meet the contract requirements.

CNPC Beefs up Cooperative Development for Onshore Oil and Gas Fields

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Prediction of wax precipitation region in wellbore during deep water oil well testing

During deep water oil well testing, the low temperature environment is easy to cause wax precipitation, which affects the normal operation of the test and increases operating costs and risks. Therefore, a numerical method for predicting the wax precipitation region in oil strings was proposed based on the temperature and pressure fields of deep water test string and the wax precipitation calculation model. And the factors affecting the wax precipitation region were analyzed. The results show that: the wax precipitation region decreases with the increase of production rate, and increases with the decrease of geothermal gradient, increase of water depth and drop of water-cut of produced fluid, and increases slightly with the increase of formation pressure. Due to the effect of temperature and pressure fields, wax precipitation region is large in test strings at the beginning of well production. Wax precipitation region gradually increases with the increase of shut-in time. These conclusions can guide wax prevention during the testing of deep water oil well, to ensure the success of the test.

Reservoir accumulation conditions and key exploration&development technologies for Keshen gas field in Tarim Basin

The Keshen gas field is located in the central part of Kuqa foreland thrust belt in Tarim Basin,and is another large gas field discovered in Kuqa depression after Kela 2 gas field.Since the breakthrough in 2008,a number of large and medium scale gas reservoirs including Keshen 2,Keshen 5 and Keshen 8 have been discovered,that are characterized by ultra depth,ultra-high pressure,ultra-low porosity,ultra-low permeability,high temperature and high pressure.With natural gas geological reserves of nearly trillion cubic meters and production capacity of nearly 5.5 billion cubic meters,the Keshen gas field is the main natural gas producing area in Tarim Oilfield.The Keshen gas field is located in a series of thrusting imbrication structures in the Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa foreland thrust belt.The salt roof structure,plastic rheology of salt beds and pre-salt faulted anticlinal structure constitute the large wedge-shaped thrust body.The thick delta sandstone of the Cretaceous Bashijike Formation is widely distributed,and it forms the superior reservoir-caprock combination with overlying Paleogene thick gypsum-salt bed.The deep Jurassic-Triassic oil and gas migrate vertically along fault system formed in Late Himalaya,break through the thick Cretaceous mudstone and move laterally along the fracture system of the pre-salt reservoirs,to form anticline and fault anticline high pressure reservoir groups.Through near ten years of studies,the three-dimensional seismic acquisition and processing technology for complex mountainous areas,extrusion salt-related structural modeling technology and fractured low-porosity sandstone reservoir evaluation technology have been established,which lay a foundation for realization of oil and gas exploration objectives.Logging acquisition and evaluation technology for high temperature,high pressure,ultra-deep and low-porosity sandstone gas reservoirs,and efficient development technology for fractured tight sandstone gas reservoirs have been developed,which provide a technical support for efficient exploration&development and rapid production of the Keshen gas field.

课程思政示范课建设与研究——以“油气田开发工程系统导论”课程为例

课程理论讲授与思政教育相结合已成为研究生教育的重要支点。“油气田开发工程系统导论”是油气田开发工程专业的一门研究生专业基础课,该课程为研究生以后的专业学习及科学研究奠定了基础。以该课程为例进行课程思政示范课的建设和研究,将中国石油发展史、油气渗流与数值模拟理论发展、稠油热采技术与提高采收率方法、复杂结构井技术与发展等以案例的形式融入课程教学中,以课堂教学为主要途径,专业知识与思想政治理论学习并行,培养有大格局、石油精神的综合型人才。

海外油气田开发新项目评价方法研究

中国石油公司参与国际竞争最关键的一步就是选准选好新项目。新项目开拓程序包括信息获取—资料收集—快速筛选—技术经济评价—决策—投标—谈判—项目跟踪—接管的全过程,可分为机会研究、评价决策和谈判接管3个阶段。项目机会研究中的快速筛选方法是以公司的投资政策为依据、对制约项目的关键因素进行审查,根据项目的优势和技术难度,筛选出进一步进行详细技术经济评价项目。技术经济评价主要针对项目类型确定评价技术路线,油气开发项目以有效储量及潜力评估为核心,在开发工程及对开发难度进行风险分析的基础上,根据合同模式研究项目收益大小。新项目综合优选排队方法是在建立评价指标体系的基础上,根据影响项目的关键技术经济指标,利用模糊综合评价模型实现对新项目的综合评估排序。

丘陵油田开发现代经营管理模式

详述了吐哈盆地丘陵油田开发以来建立的现代经营管理模式，在丘陵油田的初期评价概念设计阶段、开发设计总体建设方案编制阶段、油藏综合管理初期阶段和目前阶段，均以油藏数值模拟为主要手段，结合油藏描述等工作，进行多目标优化决策。该模式强调定期的跟踪模拟和反复模拟，及时和充分利用现场动态资料，修改模型，解决当前的问题，并预测今后的动态，为油田稳产提供技术支持。应用现代经营管理模式，为丘陵油田开发充分利用人力和技术资源、降低成本和作业费用，从而最大程度提高经济效益提供了技术支持和指导。图１参２（邹冬平摘）

油(气)田开发方案优选的模糊决策方法

一个油 (气 )田开发方案含多个技术经济指标 ,各指标值的量纲、单位往往不统一 ,且指标间存在相互依赖和相互矛盾的指标取值 ,这就决定开发方案优选不能以直接比较各指标值或某一指标值的大小来决定方案优劣 ;又开发方案在某一指标下的优劣是相对的 ,无明确界限 ,具模糊性 ;因此 ,合理的开发方案优选 ,就必须综合考虑各指标信息、各指标特性 ,进行综合评价 ,得出方案的优劣。开发方案优选的综合评价方法此前已有学者作过探讨 ,但均存在不足。为此 ,在对已有的油 (气 )田开发方案模糊决策方法研究的基础上 ,充分利用方案的指标信息 ,应用多指标决策技术和模糊集理论 ,提出了一种更合理、更完善且易于操作的油 (气 )田开发方案优选的模糊决策方法 。

油气田开发项目后评价若干问题的探讨

项目后评价是投资建设项目管理工作中的一项重要内容。为推动投资项目总结评价和后评价制度的建立,进一步促进油气田开发项目投资决策水平、管理水平和投资效益的提高,本着油气田开发项目后评价工作要突出重点,抓住项目成败关键,总结经验和教训的原则,从油气田开发项目后评价的含义以及报告的主要内容出发,从评价时点、评价方法、服务目的和属性4方面探讨了项目后评价与决策阶段评估的区别,并初步分析了后评价应注意评价方法的对比性、评价依据的客观性、评价内容的全面性、评价范围的一致性、评价重点的突出性、评价工作的动态性以及评价结论的反馈性等方面的相关问题。

油气田开发方案综合评价新方法的探讨

分析了主成分分析法应用于油气田开发方案评价的应用条件，指出了导致不合理的负加权系数出现的原因，最后利用主成分分析思想扩展了这一方法，通过给出权重系数并附加一定的约束条件，建立了综合的数学模型，实现了方案的客观优选。通过实际应用有如下认识：油气田开发方案优选是一个有限方案的多目标问题，方法很多，但不一定都很成熟，建议用多种方法进行综合评判，最后通过比较得出最优方案；应用主成分分析法作油气田开发方案优选时，须注意应用条件，且方案的数目必须大于指标数目，如果在加权系数中出现负数，则不能用该方法。

油气田开发项目后评价指标体系改进探讨

过去十多年来,中国石油天然气集团公司现有的油气开发项目后评价指标体系已经应用于50多个典型油气田开发项目。当前,企业内外部生产经营形势发生了变化,企业也在战略发展和深化改革方面提出了新要求,在这样的环境下,这一指标体系出现完整性、规范性不够,部分定义不清、内容交叉,指标重复设置等问题,需要改进和完善。建议保持原指标体系的九大类评价(目标实现程度、前期工作、油气藏工程、钻井工程、采油工程、地面工程、生产运行、投资与效益、影响与持续性)目标不变,在此基础上,针对评价目标中的指标、要素和要素定义进行优化和完善,形成新的指标体系。

模拟改善大庆油田朝45区块的开发效果

大庆油田朝 45区块油层物性差 ,渗透率低 ,存在油层压力下降快 ,油井产量递减快 ,含水上升快等诸多问题 .为了改善朝 45区块开发效果 ,利用VIP软件对该区块进行数模研究 .在历史拟合的基础上 ,模拟了不同增产措施的开发效果 ,预测了 7种开发方案 .结果表明 :该区块由于存在隐裂缝 ,注水压力不宜过高 ;改善朝 45区块开发效果的优选方案为 :井网加密、面积注水改为线性注水、油井堵水、关高含水井、注水井调剖 ;实施井网加密时应综合利用油井堵水 ,关高含水井 ,注水井调剖等增产措施 ,以提高经济效益 ;预测该区块合理的注采比为 2 .

模糊灰元优化理论在优选油田开发方案中的应用

提出了模糊灰元优化理论，引用实例说明，优选结果与其它方法和０现场实际相符。

世界油气资源潜力及中国海外油气发展战略思考

为适应油气消费需求量的快速增长,我国已经和正在积极开拓海外油气市场,开展国际合作是油气工业发展战略的需要。为此,基于多年来的国外考察、国内外学术交流等成果,对世界油气工业发展形势、油气地质条件、成藏条件、油气分布特征等进行了分析讨论。结果认为:世界油气勘探开发总体处于中期阶段(与我国勘探程度相近),未来的油气资源潜力巨大,勘探领域广阔。中国的石油公司积极参加世界油气勘探开发是我国油气资源战略发展的需要,是百年大计。最后提出了中国的石油公司海外油气业务发展战略:加大古生代盆地的勘探力度,加强主要盆地内地层—岩性型及中小型构造型油气藏勘探,加快海域油气勘探等,当前的重点区域是中亚—俄罗斯地区、中东地区、非洲地区、亚太地区及北极地区等,同时也应积极准备非常规油气勘探。

多元热流体热采技术在海上探井测试的应用

在海上探井试油中,由于稠油粘度高、流动性差,常规试油工艺技术及评价方法无法满足需要,针对稠油资源中储层的真实产能的评价问题,开展多元热流体热采技术在海上探井试油中应用研究。通过对多元热流体产生原理、多元热流体设备、多元热流体热采测试工艺流程及工艺参数优化的研究应用,证明多元热流体热采测试的日产油量可达常规冷采测试产油量的两倍以上,为海上稠油储量的勘探提供新的试油技术手段。

多目标、多断块、多层系油气田开发方案优选的二阶灰色关联度法

针对多断块、多层系油气田开发方案优选的多目标性，提出了用二阶灰色关联度求解的方法。实例计算表明，这种方法简单可行，便于现场使用，并指出其原理对多油气区开发方案的优选和气田排水采气措施的优选同样适用。

油田开发项目经济寿命期的确定方法

采用技术经济学中的盈亏平衡原理 ,研究了油田开发项目的技术经济特点 ,对原油成本进行分类与预测 。