Water Quality Assessment of Dachangshan ArtificialHabitat Development Demonstration Area

[Objective] The paper was to evaluate the water quality environment in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area.[Method] From 2013 to 2015, an environmental survey was conducted for eight voyages in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area of Changhai County, Dalian City, and 20 hydrochemical indexes including salinity, pH, and COD were monitored. The water quality of thesea area was analyzed by principal component analysis and single factor index method. [Result] Except for that the control area of the August 2014voyage belonged to IIclass sea water standard, the water quality in other stations of all voyages conformed toIclass sea water standard. Totally 20water quality indicators were synthesized into six principal components using principal component analysis, which explained 79.165% of the results;the principal component score was ranged from -1.536 to 3.706; the score in August 2014 was the highest, and the evaluation results were basicallyconsistent with the results of single factor index analysis. [Conclusion] The overall water quality is good in Dachangshan artificial habitat development demonstration area.

Methodological quality(risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: What are they and which is better?

Methodological quality(risk of bias)assessment is an important step before study initiation usage.Therefore,accurately judging study type is the first priority,and the choosing proper tool is also important.In this review,we introduced methodological quality assessment tools for randomized controlled trial(including individual and cluster),animal study,non-randomized interventional studies(including follow-up study,controlled before-and-after study,before-after/pre-post study,uncontrolled longitudinal study,interrupted time series study),cohort study,case-control study,cross-sectional study(including analytical and descriptive),observational case series and case reports,comparative effectiveness research,diagnostic study,health economic evaluation,prediction study(including predictor finding study,prediction model impact study,prognostic prediction model study),qualitative study,outcome measurement instruments(including patient-reported outcome measure development,content validity,structural validity,internal consistency,cross-cultural validity/measurement invariance,reliability,measurement error,criterion validity,hypotheses testing for construct validity,and responsiveness),systematic review and meta-analysis,and clinical practice guideline.The readers of our review can distinguish the types of medical studies and choose appropriate tools.In one word,comprehensively mastering relevant knowledge and implementing more practices are basic requirements for correctly assessing the methodological quality.

Assessment Study on Construction Quality Project of China Local Undergraduate Specialty

This paper focuses on the assessment of college Specialty Construction Project quality. On the basis of conducting researches and analysises of Specialty Construction Practice, the anther selected projects indicators of construction content with high frequency as evaluation index constituent connotation, referring to professional evaluation index system of provincial brand, and defended the issue that there will be no characteristic projects of specialty evaluate; formed the basic architecture of local colleges specialty evaluation index system, clearing grading assessment model, making debate analysis on its value orientation; and confirmed that the Ministry of Education is the main project, the university is the main building, and the provincial education administrative departments or the third party certification is the assessment mainbody, in this way to constitute the innovation management mode of Specialty Construction.

Study Progress and Trends of Strategic Environmental Assessment in China

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in China has developed rapidly since it was introduced into China in the 1990s. Chinese government promulgated the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of China (hereinafter referred to as the EIA Law) in 2002. In this law, it is stipulated clearly that regional and sector plans should be assessed. Through investigating materials and analyzing literatures, this article analyses the practical and academic study achievements of SEA in China that have been achieved since the EIA Law was implemented, probes into the current situation of the main level of SEA in China-plan EIA, then summarizes the development characteristics, and eventually, puts forward the development trends of SEA in China. The research conclusions can offer the foundations for comprehending systematically the progress of SEA in China.

Quality Assurance in Toxicology Studies in Developing Countries

As developing countries become more involved in the international chemical trade, they must adhere to certain requirements for importation of their chemicals into foreign countries. These developing countries will be required to provide basic safety information on their chemical products, including data developed from chemical and toxicologic testing. These data must be developed in accordance with the national requirements of the importing country. Many importing countries have adopted the OECD Test Guidelines and the OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) as primary guidance to assure the quality of laboratory data. These procedures provide a basis for internationally acceptable data. Several countries have incorporated many of these provisions into their national laws or administrative procedures. These procedures describe the process of documenting the conduct of laboratory studies, including recording of data, reporting of study results, and storage of data gathered. This process is intended to assure the quality and integrity of the data so that, if required, the study can be reconstructed by an auditor or an inspector. Details of these procedures and their applicability to the international chemical trade are discussed. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

Health-related quality of life evaluated by tumor node metastasis staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate and evaluate the change in healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) by tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging system in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 140 patients diagnosed with HCC between June 2008 and April 2009 in our department were enrolled to this study. One hundred and thirty-five (96.5%) patients had liver cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, 73 (54.07%) of them being HBV DNA positive; the other etiologies of liver cirrhosis were alcoholic liver disease (1.4%), hepatitis C (1.4%) or cryptogenic (0.7%). All subjects were fully aware of their diagnosis and provided informed consent. HRQoL was assessed before treatment using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographics and disease-specific characteristics of the patients. One-way analysis of variance and independent samples t tests were used to compare the overall FACT-Hep scores and clinically distinct TNM stages. Scores for all FACT-Hep items were analyzed by frequency analyses. The mean scores obtained from the FACT-Hep in different Child-Pugh classes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean FACT-Hep scores were reduced significantly from TNM StageⅠto Stage Ⅱ, Stage ⅢA, Stage ⅢB group (687 ± 39.69 vs 547 ± 42.57 vs 387 ± 51.24 vs 177 ± 71.44, P = 0.001). Regarding the physical and emotional well-being subscales, scores decreased gradually from Stage Ⅰ to Stage ⅢB (P = 0.002 vs Stage Ⅰ; P = 0.032 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.033 vs Stage ⅢA). Mean FACT-Hep scores varied by Child-Pugh class, especially in the subscales of physical well-being, functional well-being and the hepatobiliary cancer (P = 0.001 vs Stage I; P = 0.036 vs Stage Ⅱ; P = 0.032 vs Stage ⅢA). For the social and family well-being subscale, only Stage ⅢB scores were significantly lower as compared with Stage Ⅰ scores (P = 0.035). For the subscales of functional well-being and hepatobiliary cancer, there were significant differences for Stages ⅡΙ, ⅢA and ⅢB (P = 0.002vs StageⅠ). CONCLUSION: HRQoL of patients with HCC worsens gradually with progression of TNM stages. The most impaired subscales of HRQoL, as measured by FACT-Hep, were physical and emotional well-being.

The Assessment of Higher Education Quality from the Perspective of Students through a Case Study Analysis

The assessment of quality in higher education from the perspective of students has three dimensions:students’assessment of teaching,students’satisfaction and students’learning engagement.These differ in conceptions of quality,evaluation methods,evaluation content,evaluation purposes,traits and priorities.The authors conducted three rounds of empirical investigations to study higher education quality assessment from students’perspective and concluded that students play multiple roles in higher education evaluation and assessment,all of which can be improved by strengthening students’objectivity and participation,evaluating the added value of a college education oriented to student development and taking the students’perspective as an important way to contribute to higher education quality enhancement,assurance and control,and make proper use of higher education evaluations and assessments.

新质生产力发展水平、区域差异与提升路径

2023年9月,习近平总书记在黑龙江省考察调研期间强调了“新质生产力”这一重要概念,新质生产力是创新起主导作用,摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径,具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征,符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。新质生产力的提出具有全新的理论内涵和丰富的现实价值,结合习近平总书记的相关重要论述和当前中国经济发展事实,文章认为新质生产力是一个至少涵盖科技、绿色和数字三大方面的集成体,并基于科技生产力、绿色生产力和数字生产力3个一级指标构建了新质生产力的综合评价体系。文章采用改进的熵权-TOPSIS方法测度了2012—2021年我国30个省级区域的新质生产力水平,测度结果表明,我国新质生产力水平由2012年的0.302 6上升到2021年的0.874 7,年均增速为21%,对应的,科技生产力、绿色生产力和数字生产力的水平也稳步上升。研究发现,针对不同区域,东部地区新质生产力水平不仅增速最快,总量也高于中西部地区,中部地区新质生产力水平高于西部地区,但增速低于西部地区;针对具体省份,新质生产力形成了广东省和江苏省“双雁领航”断层式发展格局,不同省份之间的差距极大,反映了中国新质生产力水平的区域异质性。进一步研究,Kernel密度估计和Markov链分析结果表明,一方面我国省际新质生产力水平的差距有逐渐拉大趋势,但这一趋势主要存在于个别新质生产力发达和落后的省份之间,大部分中间省份差异不明显,且新质生产力发展存在俱乐部趋同现象,新质生产力发达省份之间的趋同现象更为明显;另一方面,新质生产力发展具有明显的空间外溢效应,在与邻近省份的新质生产力水平存在差异的情况下,本省的新质生产力将会受到邻近省份的影响。新质生产力水平的基尼系数计算及其分解结果表明,区域间差异是全国新质生产力发展不平衡的主要原因,也就是说当下导致新质生产力水平差异的主要原因是地区间的发展不平衡。针对上述问题,提升新质生产力的发展路径应该着重从统筹区域联动合作促进平衡发展,加大对新质生产力发展的引导力度,在新质生产力构成的三大指标上进行新部署等方面展开。

人口老龄化、数字化转型与新质生产力发展

为推进中国经济高质量发展,国家提出了大力发展新质生产力,深入推进数字化转型。基于新质生产力发展的政策目标构建新质生产力发展的评价指标体系,根据2000—2021年的省级面板数据分析了人口老龄化对新质生产力发展的影响及其机制。研究结果表明:人口老龄化对新质生产力发展存在显著的抑制作用,人口老龄化通过数字化转型推动新质生产力发展;人口老龄化对新质生产力发展的影响存在单门槛效应,当大于门槛值时,人口老龄化通过数字化转型对新质生产力发展产生的影响将发生显著变化;异质性分析表明,人口老龄化对新质生产力发展表现出显著的抑制作用仅存在于东部地区。建议加大对科技和教育的投入,提升数字化转型水平,从而抑制人口老龄化对新质生产力发展的负面影响;不同地区新质生产力发展的驱动因素存在差异,应对不同区域实施差异化的区域发展战略,从而有效推动新质生产力发展。

“国考”下中医药特色服务能力提升的实践探索

国家三级公立中医医院绩效考核是检验公立中医医院改革发展成效的重要标尺,是高位推动公立中医医院政策落实的有力抓手,更是落实三级公立中医医院功能定位的“指挥棒”。文章结合江苏省南通市中医院充分发挥国家三级公立中医医院绩效考核“指挥棒”作用,研究分析“国考”下中医药服务能力建设的内涵,通过加强党建引领、增强服务效能、创新服务模式等实践探索与取得成效,以期为引导中医医院强化中医药特色优势、提升中医药服务能力,促进中医医院主动加强和改进科学管理能力,实现坚持中医办院方向功能定位,不断深化医改,助推中医医院高质量可持续发展提供参考。

中国式现代化视域下边疆经济高质量发展:评估体系构建及实证分析

边疆经济的高质量发展是中国式现代化道路在边疆地区的生动实践,具有重要的理论和现实意义。在理论层面,从中国式现代化视角出发,立足新发展理念,尝试提出边疆经济高质量发展的内涵特征及理论模型,并构建了评价指标体系;在实证层面,通过采用熵权优劣解距离法对中国37个边疆地级市(州、盟)2021年的数据进行测度,同时使用变异系数、地理集中度指数等统计指标探究区域差异,从而揭示边疆地区在中国式现代化视域下的发展情况并提出相应的提升策略。

国际视野下高质量职教师资队伍建设研究——基于OECD教育调研报告的分析

职教师资是支持各国建设高质量职业教育体系、实施高质量职业教育的根本力量。基于OECD发布的系列教育调研报告,深度检视国际视野下职教师资队伍建设存在的主要问题有:供需结构不平衡;数字素养与技能不高;培养培训体系不健全。相关国家为建设高质量职教师资队伍采取的实践举措有:加大职业发展支持力度,缓解职教教师队伍的供需矛盾;完善配套数字教育资源,提升职教教师的数字素养与技能;强化培养培训协同机制,健全职教教师的培养培训体系。在此基础上,我国高质量职教师资队伍建设的行动路向为:优存量、扩增量、提质量,强力保障职教师资队伍的供需平衡;兴基建、立标准、研评估,系统提升职教教师的数字素养与技能;强职前、优职后、促贯通,合力完善职教教师的培养培训体系,全面推进我国高质量职教师资队伍建设。

江苏促进民营企业做大做优做强的路径研判

民营经济是推进中国式现代化的生力军,民营企业是民营经济的经营主体或微观载体,因此,凡是能促进民营经济发展壮大的政策举措,都应在民营企业身上添力赋能、见功见效。《中共中央国务院关于促进民营经济发展壮大的意见》明确提出“促进民营经济做大做优做强”,并且竖起了三大“指路牌”。这三个“引导”,契合当下江苏民营企业发展的实际情况,但做大做优做强民营企业是一项十分艰巨复杂的系统工程,江苏政企双方不仅要围绕政策落实、法律执行、合规经营等“相向而行”,更要深入研判推进路径。当前江苏做大做优做强民营企业,首要路径是解放思想弘扬精神,关键之路是坚定方向转型升级,成功之道在于改革开放创新驱动。如此三路并进从而形成强大合力,定能推动民营企业在高质量发展征程上“打头阵、当先锋、树高峰、建新功”。

真实世界观察性研究评估(ArRoWS)工具的介绍

真实世界观察性研究常用于评价某种干预措施或暴露因素对疾病健康的影响。然而,在真实世界观察性数据的采集、处理和分析过程中,由于缺乏严格的质量控制,通常存在数据缺失,或数据标准、数据模型和描述方法不统一等问题,进而影响到真实世界研究证据的质量。现有用于观察性研究的工具并不专用于真实世界研究,也并非用于评价研究质量。为了解决这一问题,国外Coles等研究者研发并测试了一种真实世界观察性研究评估(the Assessment of Real-World Observational Studies,ArRoWS)工具,用于评价基于电子健康记录的真实世界观察性研究的质量。该工具共有16个条目,包括9个核心条目和7个研究设计特定条目,以及条目具体的评价方式及结果。虽然国内也有研究者提出ArRoWS工具可用于评估真实世界观察性研究的质量,但尚未被广泛推广和使用。因此,本文就ArRoWS工具的研发过程、评价条目、评价方式及结果进行介绍,旨在促进该工具在真实世界观察性研究中的应用,从而产出更多高质量的真实世界证据。

某三级甲等医院构建基础医疗质量评价体系的实践探索

构建并完善基础医疗质量评价体系,提升医疗质量与安全。以某三级甲等医院为例,该院从患者服务、手术管理、危急重症、病历质量、合理诊疗、科室管理6个维度构建基础医疗质量评价体系,在体系中增加专项质控考核和平台科室质量评价体系,将评价结果与科主任管理绩效和科室绩效挂钩,并在此基础上构建科主任评价体系。该体系的构建形成了全方位医疗质量监管机制,激发科室主动参与质控管理,有助于发现医疗质量薄弱环节并持续改进,并可实现医疗质量安全的分层管理。基础医疗质量评价体系的建立有助于全方位了解全院科室医疗质量管理问题,提升质控管理成效,为医院夯实高质量发展根基。

DRG支付方式改革推动公立医院高质量发展——基于国家试点城市三级医院的案例研究

高质量发展已成为新时代公立医院建设的主旋律,在DRG支付方式改革和国考双重挑战下,探索DRG支付方式改革要求下的高质量发展路径,是当前公立医院管理实践的关键。本研究利用朱兰的“质量管理三部曲”,从质量计划、质量控制、质量改进三方面,系统阐释了案例医院在DRG付费驱动下的高质量发展路径。2023年案例医院以“三转变,三提高”为战略导向,通过CMI提升专项行动、MDT团队管理、绩效考核引导、信息化建设以及控制医疗成本等一系列措施,有效提升了全院CMI值,合理控制医疗成本并促进了费用结构的优化,对其他医疗机构的实践具有一定的借鉴意义。

公立医院实施科室目标责任制管理的实践与思考

公立医院是我国医疗服务体系的基础,公立医院的改革始终是深化卫生体制改革的重要内容,而加强公立医院运营管理是其中的重要一环。为了加强公立医院运营管理,实现这些战略发展目标,有必要加强内部绩效评估,以目标管理责任制为抓手,建立内部综合绩效评估指标体系。文章从某公立医院实施临床医技科室目标责任制管理的实践入手,总结了实施目标责任管理的实施流程、指标体系构建原则和取得成效,对进一步做好目标责任制管理工作,进而做好公立医院绩效考核工作,深化公立医院运营管理提出了思考,为科学引领公立医院健康、稳定、高质量发展提供借鉴和依据。

广西二、三级医院静脉输液治疗开展现况调查分析

目的调查广西二、三级医院静脉输液治疗开展现况,为后续开展针对性的静脉输液治疗专科培训提供参考意见。方法采用自编的调查表,在问卷星平台对广西84家医院静脉输液治疗现况进行调查。结果三级医院静脉输液治疗团队建设、静脉输液治疗工作规范建立、开设静脉输液治疗门诊、PICC及输液港技术开展均优于二级医院(P<0.05),且静脉输液治疗培训频率、质量督导和考核频率总体高于二级医院(P<0.05),并且三级医院更注重静脉输液治疗院感培训(P<0.001);二、三级医院导管维护规范上除“PICC封管液选用0~10 U/mL肝素生理盐水”(P=0.051)外,其余操作均P<0.05。结论广西静脉输液治疗开展势头良好,但水平参差不齐,三级医院注重系统性的静脉输液治疗管理,短板主要在二级医院,亟待对二级医院开展针对性的静脉输液治疗专科帮扶,以提高全省静脉输液治疗水平。

冷链物流高质量发展影响因素研究基于Nvivo12质性文本

阐述了冷链物流高质量发展的必然趋势。以安徽省为例,对下辖的16个地级市冷链物流样本进行分析,结合Nvivo 12质性分析软件构建冷链物流高质量发展影响因素模型。结果表明:基础设施建设、主体培育、政策支持、支撑保障、产业融合、市场发展、技术配置为影响冷链物流高质量发展的主要因素,并针对上述影响冷链物流高质量发展的主要因素提出相应建议。

高等教育高质量发展背景下高校课程考核的“放水”现象及其治理

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