Human Rights in China:Exploration and Development of Whole-process People’s Democracy

Whole-process people’s democracy represents a new exploration of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era as well as a novel and important method for protecting the human rights of the Chinese people.It is conducive to solving a multitude of problems hindering the protection of civil rights and political rights.The greatest highlight of whole-process people’s democracy is that the people are the masters of their own country and exercise the power to govern the state through“extensive participation and consultation.”China’s experience and approaches in advancing whole-process people’s democracy provide a reference for other countries.

On the Whole-Process People’s Democracy and the Construction of Citizens’ Cultural Quality

The Whole-Process People’s Democracy has become an important proposition of the socialist modernization democratic theory with Chinese characteristics,and has important value for the development of the new form of human civilization.The Whole-Process People’s Democracy is not only a“democracy”system,its focus is to achieve“people’s democracy”,its unique feature is to surpass“non process”democracy with the“Whole-Process”,and create a new governance path of a new form of human civilization.Of course,the emphasis of people’s democracy on the consciousness of people’s subjective participation in the whole process also puts forward corresponding requirements for the cultural quality construction of Chinese social citizens in the new era,so it is also of great significance to pay attention to the cultivation of citizens’public spirit.

On the Process and Rights in the Whole-process People’s Democracy

Theoretically, the whole-process people’s democracy involves five processes, namely, political process, policy process, urban and rural community governance process, enterprises and institutions management process, and international exchange process. Fach process includes several links which involve different democratic rights. To comprehensively promote the whole-process people’s democracy, it is necessary to make a detailed distinction between the democratic rights of each process, build a corresponding system and mechanism for the protection of rights, improve the ability of people in democracy, and establish the system and mechanism for evaluating the effect of democracy implementation.

On the Human Rights Implications of the Whole-process People’s Democracy

The whole-process people’s democracy is a prerequisite for the people’s democracy.It is the organic unity of process and outcome democracy,procedural and substantive democracy,direct and indirect democracy,as well as the people’s democracy and the will of the state.The whole-process people’s democracy is the latest theoretical expression of the concept of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,a new achievement in the practice of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,a new development of the system of the socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics,and a new contribution to the development path of human rights in the world.

The Legal Dimensions of Whole-Process People’s Democracy

The concept of whole-process people’s democracy can be analyzed in terms of four the rule of law dimensions:continuous democracy,authentic democracy,extensive democracy and consultative democracy.Continuous democracy means that democracy provides a continuous and uninterrupted mechanism in terms of stage,time and space,which can ensure the continuous participation of the people in the management of state and social affairs.Authentic democracy is not only embodied creation of opportunities and conditions for the people to have more channels and methods of participation in the management of state and social affairs,but is also reflected in the process of democratic practice,including the protection of legitimate rights and interests of the minority.Extensive democracy means that the people are fully and deeply involved in the management of state and social affairs as well as their own affairs,from the operation of the state system to social life at the community level,and from pre-election to post-election.Consultative democracy is a means of realizing people’s democracy in the whole process.It applies consultation and seeks truth,aiming at building consensus.Moreover,it integrates various channels of consultation,and integrates democracy into all aspects of the work of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and government and in all aspects of the people’s political and social life.

Promoting Whole-Process People’s Democracy Following the Rule of Law

Whole-process people’s democracy profoundly reflects the features of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics,and comprehensively and systematically reveals the concept of people’s democracy as providing important mechanisms of national and social governance.Based on the traditional democratic understanding of democracy as majority rule,whole-process people’s democracy emphasizes the universality and extensive range of democratic governance,but also has the natural value defects of democratic value itself.Therefore,we must organically combine democracy with the values of the rule of law and human rights,to build a well-defined governance order based on people’s democratic value.The whole process in the“whole-process people’s democracy”has really resolved the situation of people’s“absence”from many links of state power operation caused by over-emphasizing the election-democracy in the Western capitalist democratic system.Through the people’s extensive participation and effective supervision,the state power operation mechanism based on the fundamental political system,the people’s congress system,has been ensured to be always in the framework of people’s democratic governance.This effectively realizes the people’s sovereignty and is consistent with the declaration that“all power in the People’s Republic of China(PRC)belongs to the people,”stipulated in the Constitution of China.To improve the governance efficiency of whole-process people’s democracy in practice,we must bring it onto the rule of law,and use the rule of law philosophy and methods to reasonably and effectively resolve all kinds of theoretical and practical problems.

The Core of the Chinese Democracy Is to Respect and Protect Human Rights——A Summary of the Academic Seminar on Chinese Democracy and Human Rights Protection

On March 26,2023,a Seminar on Chinese Democracy and Human Rights Protection was held,jointly organized by the National Human Rights Education and Training Base and the Human Rights Research Center of Central South University under the guidance of the Chinese Society for Human Rights Studies.The event adopted a combination of online and offline channels.Over 30 experts and scholars from universities,research institutions,and practical departments across the country participated in extensive discussions on“Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Chinese Democracy and Protection of Human Rights.”The seminar aimed to focused on the essence,characteristics,advantages,and human rights implications of Chinese democracy and interpreted the concept of Chinese democracy and the protection of human rights through academic and theoretical methods.

跨越发展陷阱:中国式现代化道路的逻辑理路

现代化道路探索中,“发展陷阱”无处不在,既有硬实力的考验,也有软实力的较量。中国式现代化作为人类历史上的一次伟大变革,立足自身实际、顺应时代潮流,通过倡导“人类命运共同体”、贯彻“新发展理念”、坚定“四个自信”、推进“全过程人民民主”等并联式方案,相继跨越了“修昔底德陷阱”“中等收入陷阱”“西化分化陷阱”“塔西佗陷阱”等层层障碍,不仅用一系列现实成就全面呈现了中国特色社会主义经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明协同并进的优越本质,彻底冲破了“现代化终结于西方”的理论迷雾,更为渴望探索现代化道路的国家提供了迈向人类文明新形态的成功经验与崭新选择。

习近平关于发展全过程人民民主的重要论述及其重大价值

在积极推进中国特色社会主义民主政治建设的基础上,习近平总书记提出了“发展全过程人民民主”的论断。全过程人民民主,把民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督等诸多环节有机结合起来,体现了人民当家作主的本质规定。习近平总书记关于发展全过程人民民主的重要论述,彰显了马克思主义民主观、中国特色社会主义民主政治建设和践行人民民主的内在要求,既深化了对人民民主的认识,又回应了西式民主的杂音,也指明了社会主义民主的发展方向,具有重大的理论和实践价值。

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义政治发展思想论析

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义政治发展思想是对新中国政治发展历程的系统总结,是对十八大以来治国理政实践的深刻提炼,是对社会主义政治发展理论的继承创新。这一思想以中国特色社会主义政治发展道路作为根本坚持,阐明了新时代中国特色社会主义政治发展的时代坐标、经济基础、社会主体、总体主题、宏伟目标、系统动力、本质规定、推进路径和评价标准,形成了系统的政治发展理论体系。就其基本特色来看,这一思想具有多方面辩证统一的理论特质,其集中体现为:坚持中国特色社会主义与全面深化改革的有机统一,坚持强化党的全面领导与调动各方积极性的有机统一,坚持国家有效治理与人民民主的有机统一,坚持问题导向、目标导向与发展战略的有机统一,坚持强化顶层设计与重点推进的有机统一,坚持制度建设与人的全面发展有机统一,坚持核心价值与扬弃吸收其他价值的有机统一。