Investment Promotion for Development Zones in China:Underlying Rationale and Policy Options

Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglomeration and driving high-quality development.DZs attract and accommodate resource factors,firms,and projects,thereby functioning as a central catalyst for economic growth.This study utilizes data collected at the“DZ,City and Countrycountry”levels through manual compilation,textual analysis,and innovation measurement.It aims to empirically examine the theoretical rationale and practical preferences for promoting business and investment in China’s DZs.This study considers several factors such as industry attribute,firm attribute,agglomeration theory,and industrial chain layout.Based on our research findings,DZs exhibit distinct preferences.First,industry attribute:DZs align with both national and regional strategic planning and adhere to the industrial endowments of the respective areas.Second,firm attribute:DZs prioritize attracting firms that are productive and innovative,and have an international presence,rather than those that primarily contribute to taxes and job creation.Third,DZs are guided by the agglomeration theory,which suggests that they prefer firms that generate strong agglomeration externalities.Lastly,DZs also consider the industrial chain layout,aiming to attract firms that not only align with their existing industrial strengths but also extend to the upstream and downstream supply chain links.These conclusions are substantiated by the performance of robustness test.The success of DZs in China can be attributed to the five key principles:Adherence to national and regional strategic planning,prioritizing the actual industrial foundation,incorporating the theory of agglomeration externalities,strengthening corporate competitiveness,and expanding industrial chains.

Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Green Development Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Restricted Development Zones:A Case Study of Jilin Province,China

Green development is an important issue of sustainable development in China.Due to the relatively backward economy and the fragile ecological environment,restricted development zones need to embrace green development.Taking 38 counties in Jilin Province as the empirical research objects,and based on cross-sectional data for each county in 2005,2010,and 2015,we accurately depicted the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of green development efficiency(GDE)in restricted development zones of Jilin Province using the slacks-based measure-data envelope analysis(SBM-DEA)model.Moreover,the factors that influence GDE were further analyzed using the Tobit model.We found that:first,GDE showed a V-shaped trend in restricted development zones of Jilin Province.The differences in GDE in the eastern,central,and western Jilin Province increased gradually.Second,76%of counties in the restricted development zones had high or higher efficiencies.The resource-based cities were the main areas with low or lower GDE.Third,the economic development level was the core factor affecting GDE.Urbanization level had a significant negative effect on GDE in the restricted development zones.The effect of technological innovation level on GDE fluctuated,and we found that a‘backward mechanism’of technological innovation was beginning to form.Industrial structure and environmental governance had no significant effects on GDE.

Analysis and Research on Industrial Land Transfer in Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone of Anhui Province

In recent years,with high-speed development of economy and society,and fast propulsion of industrialization and urbanization process in the development zone,average annual land demand in the development zone also quickly enlarges,and the contradiction between high-speed growth of economy and shortage of land resources is apparent increasingly. Meanwhile,to guarantee crop safety and stick to 0. 12 billion hm2of farmland red line as a rigid constraint which could not be exceeded,the supply-demand contradiction of industrial land is more and more prominent. With industrial land scale continues to enlarge,land resources become more and more scarce,but there exists the phenomenon of low-efficiency land use and even idle. For land use characteristics of the development zone,taking Hefei City Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example,the countermeasures of perfecting industrial land transfer mechanism in the development zone are proposed.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

Spatio-temporal Differentiation and Driving Factors of Industrial Ecology of Restricted Development Zone from Adaptive Perspective:A Case Study of Shandong,China

Based on the adaptive analysis paradigm,this paper constructs an evaluation index system and an evaluation model of the level of industrial ecology of a restricted development zone from the perspective of the industrial system and of the environmental system,and studies the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and the driving factors of the level of industrial ecology of the restricted development zone of the Shandong Province,China,by using a variety of measurement methods.The results show that:1)In the temporal dimension,the level of industrial ecology of the research area increased from 2005 to 2017,while in the regional dimension,it was higher in the eastern coastal areas,followed by the northwestern area and the southwestern area;2)In the spatial dimension,from 2005 to 2017 the level of industrial ecology of the research area had a clear spatial dependence,and the regional spatial agglomeration of the restricted development zones with similar industrial ecology levels become increasingly evident;3)On the whole,the industrial ecology level in the study area had a clear spatial differentiation pattern,as it was higher in the north and in the east and lower in the south and in the west.Moreover,its evolution model changed from a‘three-core driven model’to a‘spatial scattered mosaic distribution model’,and then to a‘single-core driven model’;4)Industrial ecology was positively correlated with economic development,foreign investment,science and technology,and negatively correlated with the government role,while industrial structure and environmental regulation failed to pass the statistical significance test.

PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON CONDITIONS TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MULTI LATERAL COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ZONE IN TUMENJIANG

This article analyses and discusses the conditions to the establishment of Tumenjiang Multi Nation Cooperation and Development Zone based on the theory of regional polarization development against the background of Northeast Asian cooperation. It expresses the external motives and the potentialities for the emergence and growth of the above mentioned new type development zone in order to provide a theoretical basis for both domestic and foreign developers who take an active part in the cooperation of developing Tumenjiang area.

Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Export-orientation Agricultural Comprehensive Development Zones

The following eight export-orienta-tion agricultural comprehensive de-velopment zones were approved tobe set up in October 1995: (1) Nantong Export-orientation Agri-cultural Comprehensive Development zoneis situated in the Rudong Coastal Reclama-tion Area with a planned area of 6,667 hec-tares. On the land high-yield cereals,

Shanghai's Development Zones

Since the early 1980s,development zones began appearing in Chi- na.Their success largely stems from the preferential policies they offer and the safe investment environment they work hard to cre- ate.As zones have personalities themselves,it is essential to look beyond the pamphlets and published information and get down to the nitty- gritty.Shanghai has more State designated Economic and Technology De- velopment Zones than any other city in China.In the following article,we have chosen development zones...

A PROMISING MODERN DEVELOPMENT ZONE

The Anqing Economic and Technology Development Zone,approved by the provincial government in April1993,covers 7.2 square kilometres,2.7 square kilometres of which was developed in the first stage.This firststage which is close to operation,engages mainly in the development of new and hi-tech industries and export-oriented trade. The development zone,with its superior geographic location,benefits development.Located to the north of theold urban area,it is not far from railway station on the north and faces scenic lake to the south.With the He’an Highwayto the west,National Highway 206 and a railway to the east,the airport and the Yangtze River port are less than fourkilometres away. Its infrastructure construction was achieved in the most economical and effective manner.The developmentzone takes full advantage of the existing three power transmission substations,two water supply pipelines,one

Dalian Economic and Technology Development Zone

The Dalian Economic and Technology Development Zone was approved by the State Council in September 1984 to develop into a zone at the State level.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

Yantai Development Zone

The Yantai Development Zone belongs to Yantai City in Shandong Province, one of China’s first 14 open coastal cities. The district is situated on the blue sea northward and nestles among the green pine hills southward. Its construction area is 20 square kilometers, half of which has been built into a new industrial district, following ten years of construction. Mr. Hu Ping, Director of the Special Zone Office of the State Council, has inspected the area several times in recent years. He said, "Among all the development zones in China, Yantai is next only to Dalian in terms of construction."

Development Zones Enter New Stage

The economic and technological development zones (ETDZ) in China began their 11th year in 1995. Since 1984 the State Council has approved 32 ETDZs. In the past few years the ETDZs have gained remarkable achievements in improving the investment climate, raising the management and service level and attracting foreign funds. The economic benefits have had a simultaneous develonment in the first 14 ETDZs in

State-level Development Zones in Sichuan

(1) Chengdu New and Hi-techDevelopment Zone It wasapproved by the State Councilas a state-level zone in 1988. The totalplanning area is 40 sq km. It is located in theNan Shenxianshu of Chengdu. The center ofthe zone is 4.5 km from the downtown areaof Chengdu, six km from the ShuangliuInternational Airport in Chengdu and 2.5 kmfrom the Chengdu South Railway Station.The zone was given the title of AdvancedHi-tech Industrial Development Zone by theState Science and Technology Commissionin 1993.

Langfang Economic and Technical Development Zone

The Langfang Economic and Technical Development Zone is situated at the entry/exit of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway, with a designed area of 14 sq km. The first-stage construction in the zone will cover an area of 2.2 sq kms. The zone is 40 kms away from Beijing, 60 km from Tianjin, 105 kms from Tianjin New Harbour, and only six kms from Langfang Railway Station. Telecommmunications facilities in the zone are connected with a 10, 000-line programme-controlled telephone switchboard imported by the city from Canada, 500-line long-distance automatic telephone equipment, and

Administrations and Service Organs in the Lianyungang Development Zone

The Administrative Board of theLianyungang Development Zone isan executive administrative organimplementing unified leadership andmanagement over the development zone onbehalf of the Lianyungang People’sgovernment. According to the State’s lawsand regulations, the administrative board isresponsible for construction planning for thedevelopment zone, the execution of economicdevelopment programmes, the approval ofinvestment projects worth RMB30 millionor less, land use and building design, boostingpublic welfare in education, culture andsanitation, public security in the zone, andprotecting the legal rights of the

LIANYUNGANG DEVELOPMENT ZONE——A REVIEW OF THE PAST DECAD E CONSTRUCTION OF THE ZONE

Located at the easternextreme of the new Asian-European continental Bridge,the LianyungangDevelopment Zone was anarid and saline seashore tenyears ago,but today it hasbecome one of the mostdynamic opening areas inLianyungang City andJiangsu Province strewn withfactories and thoroughfares,churning out an annualindustrial output value ofRMB1.8 billion. The development zonewas approved by the StateCouncil to be established inthe Zhong Yun Dai area ofLianyungang City inDecember 1984.InSeptember of the followingyear,the city broke theground for the construction.

Wuhu Economic and Technical Development Zone

Located in the southeast of AnhuiProvince, beside the Yangtze River, and atthe west verge of the Yangtze Delta, Wuhu isan open riverside city approved by the state,and a port opening to foreign ships,performing a link function in the generalstrategy of the Yangtze River, with Shanghaias the head and three gorges as the pillar. The Wuhu Economic and TechnicalDevelopment Zone, approved by the StateCouncil is the key point to developingWanjiang and responding Pudong. With aplanned area of 10 sq km, the zone is close