Systematic review of character development and childhood chronic illness

AIM: To review empirical evidence on character development among youth with chronic illnesses.METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using Pub Med and PSYCHINFO from inception until November 2013 to find quantitative studies that measured character strengths among youth with chronic illnesses. Inclusion criteria were limited to English language studies examining constructs of character development among adolescents or young adults aged 13-24 years with a childhood-onset chronic medical condition. A librarian at Duke University Medical Center Library assisted with the development of the mesh search term. Two researchers independently reviewed relevant titles(n = 549), then abstracts(n = 45), and finally manuscripts(n = 3).RESULTS: There is a lack of empirical research on character development and childhood-onset chronic medical conditions. Three studies were identified that used different measures of character based on moral themes. One study examined moral reasoning among deaf adolescents using Kohlberg's Moral Judgement Instrument; another, investigated moral values of adolescent cancer survivors with the Values In Action Classification of Strengths. A third study evaluated moral behavior among young adult survivors of burn injury utilizing the Tennessee Self-Concept, 2nd edition. The studies observed that youth with chronic conditions reasoned at less advanced stages and had a lower moral self-concept compared to referent populations, but that they did differ on character virtues and strengths when matched with healthy peers for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Yet, generalizations could not be drawn regarding character development of youth with chronic medical conditions because the studies were too divergent from each other and biased from study design limitations.CONCLUSION: Future empirical studies should learn from the strengths and weaknesses of the existing literature on character development among youth with chronic medical conditions.

Character Development in a Multilingual International School and Its Use of Self-Assessment Tools

This article describes a multiyear initiative of a multilingual multicultural international school that has come to adopt and internalize character development as part of its identity.That is,character education has been treated as a central tenet and core value that permeates the school and binds the community.It has not been regarded as a supplemental or enhancement project,but rather integral to the general educational program.Built from a principled framework with sound theoretical backing,the infusion of character education at this international school has resulted in the crafting of new standards and the introduction of teacher and student self-assessment tools.In that vein,in this article,we share how the school has come to embrace character development and has forged personalized ways for stakeholders,including teachers and multilingual learners,to engage in improving teaching and learning.

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Physical Characters of Soil and Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Potato

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching on soil physical characters, including soil temperature, soil moisture content and soil bulk density, and yield and yield components of sweet potato. The results showed that plastic filming mulching increased soil temperature. Considering the soil temperature-increasing effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. However, with the deepening of soil layer, the warming effect of plastic film mulching was weakened. Black or white plastic film mulching was conducive to low T/R value, especially in the early growth stage of sweet potato. Plastic film mulching significantly improved the storage root yield of sweet potato. In terms of yield-improving effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. The storage root num- ber per plant showed a downward trend, but the weight of single storage root was increased.

Analysis of Main Characters in Jane Eyre

Jane Eyre is considered Charlotte Bronte's masterpiece and one of the most memorable novels in nineteenth-century literature. This paper is to analyze the main characters in Jane Eyre.

Study on Quantitative Character for Anatomy in Tomato Seedling Stem

The results of quantitative characters for anatomy in stems of three varieties tomatoes seedlings showed that the cell population between vascular bundle and epidermis, the cellular layers among vascular bundles and the cell population in an unit area （mm^2） of no vascular bundle areas were similar and there had small difference among three varieties. On the foundation of these studies, the developmental mechanism of tomato seedling stem was discussed.

Orthographic Processing of Developmental Dyslexic Children in China: Evidence from an Event-Related Potential Study

Objective:This study aimed to explore the orthographic processing of simplified Chinese characters in developmental dyslexic children in Kashgar,Xinjiang,China,and provide a theoretical basis for intervention strategies for developmental dyslexia in Chinese.Methods:Using event-related potential(ERP)measures,18 developmental dyslexic children and 23 typically developing children performed a character decision task with three types of stimuli:real characters(RCs),pseudocharacters(PCs),and noncharacters(NCs).Results:Behavioral results showed that the control children displayed a faster and higher accurate performance than the dyslexic children across PCs and NCs.ERP data revealed that the RCs and PCs elicited a stronger P200 than the NCs.Compared with the RCs and NCs,children in the control group showed more N400 negatives for PCs.It is worth mentioning that dyslexic children did not show any difference on N400,which reflected the insufficient orthographic processing of dyslexic children in China.Conclusion:These results show that Chinese dyslexic children had orthographic processing defects.

How Is a Round Character Achieved in Maupassant＇s Moonlight： Exploring an Aspect of Narrative Text

The study of characters forms one of the major components in the field of narratology, characters are normally classified into round or flat, static or dynamic, two-dimensional or three-dimensional. This paper explores how a round character, which is typically created in long novels, exceptionally and well-roundedly produced in Maupassant＇s short story Moonlight, and thereby demonstrates his art of pens and why he was honored ＂master of short story writing＂.

Are early maladaptive schemas, temperament and character dimensions correlated?

Objective: Aim of the study is to examine the relationships between early maladaptive schemas and the character and temperament aspects of personality, which are known as two approaches to the understanding of personality structure. Methods: We conducted the study using the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and the Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 122 university students from different schools. Results and Conclusion: Results demonstrated that there are high level of positive as well as negative correlations between most of TCI items and some of the sub-scales of the YSQ, including vulnerability, social isolation and defectiveness. In consistent with the Halvorsen et al.’s findings, our study demonstrated that harm avoidance had a positive relationship with several EMSs, including emotional deprivation, deficiency, dependence, failure, subjugation and selfsacrifice. More importantly, we obtained the results consistent with theirs regarding the negative correlations between self-directedness and almost all of EMSs, with the exception of the schema of subjugation. We concluded that although some of the personality characteristics contained in the YSQ and the TCI are appeared to be related to each other, we need more studies to support the Young et al.’s suggestion that early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are likely to reflect underlying characterological factors of personality.

新型准零刚度空气悬架系统的设计与分析

为提高商用汽车在低频外部激励环境下的隔振性能以及行驶平顺性,基于准零刚度理论,采用正负刚度并联的方式,将负刚度碟形弹簧组与正刚度空气弹簧相结合,设计一种新型准零刚度悬架系统。通过静力学特性分析,建立力位移和刚度位移表达式,得到系统达到准零刚度的参数条件;通过动力学特性分析,建立系统的二自由度模型和简谐力作用下的非线性运动微分方程,得到力传递率特性曲线并对其进行分析。结果表明新结构的低频隔振性能显著提升。基于刚度位移表达式建立2自由度1/4悬架模型,分别对准零刚度系统与传统系统的垂向加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动载荷等平顺性指标的差异性进行分析,仿真结果表明,该准零刚度系统的平顺性改善效果亦优于传统结构。

钻孔瞬变电磁法接收线圈定向屏蔽物理模拟研究

钻孔瞬变电磁(BTEM)扫描探测方法可以利用巷道已有超前探查钻孔,通过旋转置于钻孔内收发线圈对孔壁外围隐蔽地质异常体进行扫描探测,因收发装置位于钻孔内,不仅避免了巷道内电气设备和金属物的电磁干扰,而且可以提高钻孔利用率,减少钻探工作量。然而,钻孔瞬变电磁法受全空间效应的影响,在扫描探测过程中,以收发线圈法线方向为探测方向接收异常体二次场信号的同时,还易受到其他方向信号的叠加干扰。若无法有效压制干扰信号,将直接影响对钻孔孔壁外围地质异常体的精确定位。利用屏蔽的方法,在接收线圈上安装屏蔽罩,尽可能保留线圈法线与屏蔽罩开口一致的探测方向的响应信号,而对其他方向的信号进行压制,从而实现钻孔孔壁径向一定范围内指向性探测。首先通过物理模拟实验探讨了不同匝数、尺寸的收发线圈对瞬变电磁场响应特征的影响,对适用于钻孔内的收发线圈参数进行组合优选。然后针对所要屏蔽的电磁波,选择不同种类的屏蔽材料,开展不同材料对不同方向电磁波的屏蔽效果实验。通过对比探测方向和其他方向的感应电动势,证实以泡沫镍制作的屏蔽罩能有效地压制非探测方向的干扰信号。通过实验分别对屏蔽罩的不同形状、磁导率等物性参数进行瞬变电磁场响应特征对比分析,并探讨屏蔽罩开口角度与定向屏蔽效果的关系,优化定向屏蔽罩参数,增强屏蔽效果。最后使用参数优化后的收发线圈和定向屏蔽装置进行钻孔瞬变电磁法径向断面扫描探测现场实验,采用基于混合分布的混沌量子粒子群和Levenberg-Marquarat及Occam组合算法的反演方法进行电阻率成像。研究表明:以泡沫镍为屏蔽材料,安装在接收线圈上的弧形屏蔽罩定向屏蔽效果较好,可以有效地压制钻孔瞬变电磁法扫描探测过程中非探测方向的信号干扰,且能较大程度的保留探测方向的异常响应信号,进而可以实现对钻孔孔壁外围隐蔽地质异常体的精确定位。

基于多目标灰狼优化算法与RBF神经网络的真空灭弧室触头结构优化设计

在真空灭弧室触头开断过程中,合适的磁场分布有利于提高其开断性能;在合闸过程中,动、静触头间存在的电动斥力会导致触头出现弹跳现象。针对以上问题,首先建立了带铁芯式杯状纵磁触头的三维模型,进行了磁场分布与电动力的计算;为了进一步提高触头的性能,然后构建了以触头片开槽长度、开槽宽度、径向偏转角度、杯座斜槽高度及单个斜槽上下旋转角度为输入,电流峰值时刻触头间隙中心平面纵向磁场强度最大值、过零时刻中心点处磁滞时间、合闸时动静触头间的电动斥力分别为输出的RBF神经网络模型;最后结合RBF神经网络模型与多目标灰狼优化算法(MOGWO)对触头结构进行了优化。结果表明:与初始结构参数相比,当触头片开槽长度为19.74mm、宽度为3.94mm、径向偏转角为19.9°、杯座斜槽高度为18.0mm、斜槽上下旋转角为119.2°时,触头具有更好的磁场分布特性,且动、静触头间的电动斥力明显减小,有利于提高触头的工作性能。

碳纤维表面处理技术的研究进展

碳纤维具有很多优异的特性,被誉为“新材料之王”,广泛应用于很多方面。由于碳纤维表面平滑且化学反应活性不活跃,导致碳纤维复合材料力学性能较差。为了优化复合材料的界面特性和整体性能,必须对其进行表面改性。总结了碳纤维的种类、表面结构特点和性能、改性方法及其应用,为未来碳纺织品的发展提供一定的理论参考,推动碳纤维纺织品向着绿色、安全、高效的方向发展。

风电制氢系统阻抗建模及振荡特性分析

由于风电机组与主网呈现远距离逆向分布特点,高度电力电子化的风电就地制氢系统与电网互联时将存在振荡失稳的风险。对此,通过建立风电制氢系统的阻抗模型分析了其与电网互联时的振荡特性。首先,建立了考虑电解槽动静态电气特性的阻抗模型,并在此基础上采用双傅里叶变换,建立了包含电力电子变换器在内的电解水制氢设备阻抗模型;随后,结合风电机组的阻抗特性,分析了电网短路比以及制氢设备运行工况对风电制氢系统稳定性的影响。接着,对制氢设备控制参数进行了灵敏度分析,为提升系统稳定性的参数优化方案提供了指导;最后,构建了时域仿真模型,对所得结论进行验证。

家庭阅读环境对学龄儿童汉字识别、口语词汇知识与阅读理解的影响:一个发展级联模型

对149名小学一年级儿童进行3年追踪,探讨学龄儿童家庭阅读环境、汉字识别、口语词汇知识和阅读理解的发展级联。结果显示:(1)家庭阅读环境通过一年级的阅读理解扩散到二年级的汉字识别,进而影响三年级的阅读理解。(2)家庭阅读环境通过一年级的口语词汇知识扩散到二年级的阅读理解,进而影响三年级的口语词汇知识和阅读理解。(3)虽然家庭阅读环境对一年级汉字识别仅有边缘显著的直接预测效应,但一年级的汉字识别可以预测二年级的阅读理解和口语词汇知识,进而影响三年级的汉字识别、阅读理解和口语词汇知识。研究表明,学龄儿童家庭阅读环境、汉字识别、口语词汇知识和阅读理解之间存在间接的、多向的发展级联效应。

脉冲等离子体射流摩尔质量对其扩展特性的影响

脉冲等离子体射流特性是电热化学发射技术研究的重要内容。依据实验研究结果,采用Fluent软件中的VOF多相流模型对脉冲等离子体射流在大气中的扩展过程进行模拟,研究脉冲等离子体射流在近流场中的扩展特性及摩尔质量对扩展特性的影响规律。结果表明:仿真结果与实验数值基本吻合,射流形态和激波结构与等离子体射流图像基本相符,建立的模型比较可靠;摩尔质量越大,等离子体射流发展越迟缓,头部压力峰轴向位移越滞后,扩展初期的高温聚集区宽高比越大,射流的轴向扩展位移、速度以及掺混程度越小。本文研究结果可为电热化学发射技术及毛细管消融控制的相关研究提供参考。

卵巢浆液性癌中miR-182和E-cadherin的表达及意义

目的检测卵巢浆液性癌中微小RNA-182(microRNA-182,miR-182)和上皮型粘附素(E-cadherin)的表达,探讨其相关性及临床意义。方法选择行卵巢浆液性癌根治性手术的患者59例作为研究组,选择行手术治疗的卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤患者59例作为对照组,应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测组织中miR-182的表达,应用免疫组化法检测组织E-cadherin的表达。结果研究组中miR-182的表达量(1.83±0.32)明显高于对照组(1.31±0.31)(t=4.59,P=0.012),研究组中E-cadherin表达阳性率(47.46%)明显低于对照组(84.75%)(X~2=18.31,P=0.000)。miR-182和E-cadherin在卵巢浆液性癌不同级别(2.01±0.29 vs.1.66±0.22)(27.59%vs.66.67%)、不同肿瘤最大径(1.93±0.22 vs.1.64±0.39)(28.21%vs.85.00%)及有无脉管癌栓(1.80±0.15 vs.2.03±0.20)(20.00%vs.53.06%)的比较中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在不同年龄、有无淋巴结转移分组的比较中差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。线性相关分析显示研究组中miR-182与E-cadherin呈负相关性(r=-0.57,P=0.008)。生存分析显示miR-182的表达与患者生存时间有关(P<0.05)。结论miR-182和E-cadherin在卵巢浆液性癌中异常表达且具有相关性,组织中miR-182高表达提示不良预后。

Effects of Light Intensity on Growth, Development and Formation on Fagopyrum cymosum

Effects of light intensity on growth, development and formation on Fagopy- rum cymosum were explored with natural light intensities at 100%（A）, 85.2%（B）, 75.8%（C） and 59.7%（D）. The results showed that the decline of light intensity re- duced nutrient growth period, so that plant growth stage entered in advance and extended, which indicated that the decline of light intensity would lower leaf number and area, the number of twigs from the stem, as well as photosynthate. Further- more, the reduction degree increased upon light intensity decrease degree, and the proper shading improved stem height and leaf area enhanced before growth term.

TBM减速器两级行星齿轮传动系统动力学特性研究

隧道掘进机(Tunnel Boring Machine,TBM)减速器为TBM刀盘驱动系统重要部件。为了揭示TBM减速器两级行星齿轮传动系统的动力学特性,考虑TBM减速器两级行星齿轮传动系统的齿面摩擦、时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、传递误差等影响因素,运用集中参数法建立了TBM减速器两级行星齿轮传动系统的扭转动力学模型,求解分析了动力学特性。固有特性分析结果表明了行星轮系的3种振动模态形式:刚体模态、扭转振动模态、行星轮振动模态。动态响应分析得到各齿轮的振动位移及齿轮副间的动态啮合力。分析结果为该行星齿轮传动系统动态优化设计奠定了基础。

“五四宪法”精神之分析——纪念“五四宪法”颁布70周年

“五四宪法”是新中国第一部宪法,为新中国法治建设发挥了不可替代的作用。“五四宪法”从起草到颁布,饱含了民主、务实、创新、开放等精神。在“五四宪法”诞生70年的中国法制发展进程中,宪法以其独特的功能维护了国家法制的顺利运转,筑牢了中华民族共同体。中国现行法治精神延续和发展了“五四宪法”精神,“五四宪法”精神也将对未来中国特色社会主义法治产生深远影响。

Introduction of rol Genes into Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genome and Effects of Transgene Expression on the Plant Development

The rol genes cloned from Agrobacterium rhizogenes were transferred to the cotton genomevia Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Molecular analyses and developmentalidentification of the putative transgenic plants were carried out by means of PCR,Southern blotting and field characterization. The results showed that the expression ofrol genes greatly increased the rooting ability of the transgenic plants, and changed theplant development. Highly male-sterile plants with strong apical dominance and fertileplants with short internodes, stunted growth and improved economic characteristics weresegregated from the T1 transgenic lines of wild rol B gene and the rol B gene driven by35S promoter. The transgenic lines of rol ABC construct usually had normal boll settingand slow growth. Therefore we concluded that the rol genes, modified in suitable ways,could be used to create new cotton varieties with some highly valuable characteristics.