In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effe...In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.展开更多
In order to understand the occurrence and development of Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky）, a borer insect of Platycladus orientalis in parts of northern and eastern China and to improve its prediction, the develo...In order to understand the occurrence and development of Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky）, a borer insect of Platycladus orientalis in parts of northern and eastern China and to improve its prediction, the developmental threshold temperature （C1） and effective accumulated temperature （K） of S. bifasciatus were determined under conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that under constant temperatures the value of C1 has a range of 8.90±1.77℃and the value of K lies between 95.19±13.14 degree-day for eggs; the values for larvae are C1= 13.26±3.06℃ and the number of degree-day is K 2,885.07±187.87 degree-day; for pupae the ranges are C1 = 8.93±2.49℃ and K= 131.20±25.63 degree-day. Under the condition of ambient temperatures, the values for eggs are C1= 17.33±1.24℃ and K= 70.79±8.99 degree-day. It is suggested that S. bifasciatus adults over-winter in a state of dormancy, not at a diapause. Warm winter may accelerate the life cycle ofS. bifasciatus. Equations can be used to predict an early occurrence ofS. bifasciatus.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to study the relationship between temperature and development of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis. [ Methods] Six constant tem- peratures （21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ ） were set in the laborator...[ Objective] The paper was to study the relationship between temperature and development of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis. [ Methods] Six constant tem- peratures （21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ ） were set in the laboratory to study developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of P. brevitarsis. [ Result] The developmental durations of various states of P. brevitarsis were shortened with the increasing temperature ranged from 21 ℃ to 36 ℃ ; the developmental rates were accelerated with the increasing temperature. The developmental threshold temperatures of egg, larva, pupa and pre-ovipesition of adult were estimated to be 12.79, 9.15, 14.86 and 13.80 ℃, respectively; the effective accumulated temperature were 136.25, 3 031.31,308.92 and 98.35 d · ℃, respectively. The developmental threshold temperature and effective amcumulated temperature for one complete generation were 9.96 ℃ and 3 628.73 d · ℃, re- spectively. Combined with meteorological data, the theoretical generation number of P. brevitarsis occurred in Shihezi was presumed to be one per year, which was basically coincided with actual occurrence generations in fields. [ Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for effective control against P. brevitarsis.展开更多
Temperature dependent development in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) was determined at nine constant temperatures between 10℃ and 34℃. Except for 10℃ development of all life stages occurred a...Temperature dependent development in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) was determined at nine constant temperatures between 10℃ and 34℃. Except for 10℃ development of all life stages occurred at the temperatures tested, however, mortality was significantly great at the extreme temperatures(12℃ and 34℃). Egg, larvae and pupae duration accounted for 17%, 57% and 25% of total one of immature stage, respectively Lower developmental thresholds estimated to be 10 38, 10 06 and 11 07℃ for eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. Upper limited thresholds were 28 00, 31 00 and 31 00℃ for eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. The heat unit requirements for egg stage were 79 15 degree days, for larval stage were 339 73 degree days, and for pupal stage were 128 82 degree days, respectively. Overall, heat unit requirements for development from egg to adult were 539 91 degree days between lower developmental threshold 10 35℃ and upper limited threshold 32℃.展开更多
文摘In order to understand the occurrence and the developmental regularity of seabuckthorn carpenterworm (Holcocerus hippophaecolus) and predict its population density, the developmental threshold temperature (C) and effective accumulative tem- perature (K) of the carpenterworm pupae and eggs were analyzed under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that the values of C and K of the carpenterworm pupae are (12.1 ± 0.2) °C and (295.2 ± 4.1) day-degrees at constant temperatures, and (15.5 ± 0.4) °C and (202.4 ± 13.1) day-degrees at variable temperatures. However, the values of C and K of the eggs at variable temperatures are (16.7 ± 0.8) °C and (101.5 ± 12.6) day-degrees. The differences of developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature under the conditions of constant and variable temperatures of the carpenterworm pupae accord with the developmental regularity of most insects in nature. By comparing five different constant temperatures, the conclusion is that the optimum developmental temperature of the pupae is 21 °C when both the pupation of the mature larvae and the eclosion of the pupae are very accordant. Moreover, the percentage of eclosion is over 90%. The average developmental durations of the carpenter- worm pupae and eggs are 31 and 16 d at variable temperatures.
文摘In order to understand the occurrence and development of Semanotus bifasciatus （Motschulsky）, a borer insect of Platycladus orientalis in parts of northern and eastern China and to improve its prediction, the developmental threshold temperature （C1） and effective accumulated temperature （K） of S. bifasciatus were determined under conditions of constant and variable temperatures. The results show that under constant temperatures the value of C1 has a range of 8.90±1.77℃and the value of K lies between 95.19±13.14 degree-day for eggs; the values for larvae are C1= 13.26±3.06℃ and the number of degree-day is K 2,885.07±187.87 degree-day; for pupae the ranges are C1 = 8.93±2.49℃ and K= 131.20±25.63 degree-day. Under the condition of ambient temperatures, the values for eggs are C1= 17.33±1.24℃ and K= 70.79±8.99 degree-day. It is suggested that S. bifasciatus adults over-winter in a state of dormancy, not at a diapause. Warm winter may accelerate the life cycle ofS. bifasciatus. Equations can be used to predict an early occurrence ofS. bifasciatus.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31360452)&National Natural Science Foundation of China(41161068)Guide Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science(YYD2009-3)
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study the relationship between temperature and development of Potosia brevitarsis Lewis. [ Methods] Six constant tem- peratures （21, 24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ ） were set in the laboratory to study developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of P. brevitarsis. [ Result] The developmental durations of various states of P. brevitarsis were shortened with the increasing temperature ranged from 21 ℃ to 36 ℃ ; the developmental rates were accelerated with the increasing temperature. The developmental threshold temperatures of egg, larva, pupa and pre-ovipesition of adult were estimated to be 12.79, 9.15, 14.86 and 13.80 ℃, respectively; the effective accumulated temperature were 136.25, 3 031.31,308.92 and 98.35 d · ℃, respectively. The developmental threshold temperature and effective amcumulated temperature for one complete generation were 9.96 ℃ and 3 628.73 d · ℃, re- spectively. Combined with meteorological data, the theoretical generation number of P. brevitarsis occurred in Shihezi was presumed to be one per year, which was basically coincided with actual occurrence generations in fields. [ Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for effective control against P. brevitarsis.
文摘Temperature dependent development in the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) was determined at nine constant temperatures between 10℃ and 34℃. Except for 10℃ development of all life stages occurred at the temperatures tested, however, mortality was significantly great at the extreme temperatures(12℃ and 34℃). Egg, larvae and pupae duration accounted for 17%, 57% and 25% of total one of immature stage, respectively Lower developmental thresholds estimated to be 10 38, 10 06 and 11 07℃ for eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. Upper limited thresholds were 28 00, 31 00 and 31 00℃ for eggs, larvae and pupae, respectively. The heat unit requirements for egg stage were 79 15 degree days, for larval stage were 339 73 degree days, and for pupal stage were 128 82 degree days, respectively. Overall, heat unit requirements for development from egg to adult were 539 91 degree days between lower developmental threshold 10 35℃ and upper limited threshold 32℃.
