Intensified reactive extraction of 4-hydroxypyridine with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in 1-octanol by using tributyl phosphate

The efficient separation of amphoteric organic compounds from dilute solutions is of great importance in the industrial field. In the present work, the reactive extractions of 4-hydroxypyridine(4-HP) with tributyl phosphate(TBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) and TBP + D2EHPA dissolved in 1-octanol were investigated, respectively. The influences of the initial concentrations of TBP, D2EHPA and TBP + D2EHPA on distribution ratio(D) were discussed, as well as the reactive extraction mechanism were proposed. The obvious intensification effect was observed when the mixture of TBP and D2EHPA was used as extractant. The best extraction conditions were found to be of the molar ratio of D2EHPA and TBP at 2:1 and the equilibrium aqueous pH at 3.50-4.50. D values increased with the increase of the total concentration of TBP and D2EHPA in 1-octanol. Especially, the analysis on the extraction mechanisms clearly indicate(i) TBP in 1-octanol shows negligible reactive extraction toward 4-HP,(ii) D2EHPA in 1-octanol exhibits moderate extraction effect by forming 4-HP:D2EHPA(1:1) and 4-HP:2D2EHPA(1:2) type complexes, while(iii) D2EHPA in TBP/1-octanol demonstrates the maximum distribution ratio with the 4-HP:D2EHPA(1:1) type complex domination. The discussion provides new insights on the mechanism and opens a new way for the intensified extraction of amphoteric organic compounds by using the mixture of multiple extractants in the diluent.

Synergistic extraction of rare earth by mixtures of 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid from sulfuric acid medium

The extraction of Nd^3＋ and Sm^3＋, including the extraction and stripping capability as well as the separation effect of Nd^3＋ or Sm^3＋, from a sulfuric acid medium, by mixtures of di-（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoric acid （HDEHP, H2A2（0）） and 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester （HEH/EHP, H2L2（0）） were studied. The distribution ratios and synergistic coefficients of Nd^3＋ and Sm^3＋ in different acidities were also determined. A synergistic extractive effect was found when HDEHP and HEH/EHP were used as mixed extractants for Sm^3＋ or Nd^3＋. The chemical compositions of the extracted complex were determined as Nd.（HA2）2-HL2 and Sm.（HA2）2-HL2. The extraction equilibrium constants, enthalpy change, and entropy change of the extraction reaction were also determined.

Maslinic acid supplementation prevents di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate-induced apoptosis via PRDX6 in peritubular myoid cells of Chinese forest musk deer

Chinese forest musk deer(FMD),an endangered species,have exhibited low reproductive rates even in captivity due to stress conditions.Investigation revealed the presence of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),an environmental endocrine disruptor,in the serum and skin of captive FMDs.Feeding FMDs with maslinic acid(MA)has been observed to alleviate the stress response and improve reproductive rates,although the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the alleviation of DEHP-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in primary peritubular myoid cells(PMCs)through MA intake.Primary PMCs were isolated and exposed to DEHP in vitro.The results demonstrated that DEHP significantly suppressed antioxidant levels and promoted cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.Moreover,interfering with the expression of PRDX6 was found to induce excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.Supplementation with MA significantly upregulated the expression of PRDX6,thereby attenuating DEHP-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in primary PMCs.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for mitigating stress levels and enhancing reproductive capacity of in captive FMDs.

Adsorption by Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Hg(II) from Aqueous Solutions Using the 2-Butyl-imidazolium Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phosphate as Ionic Liquid

In this work, a novel room temperature ionic liquid (2-butyl-imidazolium di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate) ([C4mim] [D2EHPA]) was synthesized and tested as extractant in the mercury(II) liquid-liquid extraction. The effects of parameters such as aqueous to organic phase’s volume ratio, metal concentration IL concentration, pH levels, ionic strength, and temperature were reported. For the extraction of metal, [C4mim]3[R.HR]3[HgCl2]org and [C4mim]3[R.HR]3 [HgClOH]org species were formed where (H2R2) was D2EHPA. In the case of ionic strength, the results showed that the addition of sodium acetate at 0.302 mmol·L?1 to the aqueous phase strongly increased the mercury extraction yield (R = 100%). The extracted species were investigated by a calculation program using CHEAQS V. L20.1 inorder to determine the relation between the percentages of the extracted species and the extraction yield. The results showed that the extracted species in the best conditions were HgCl2 and HgClOH with respective percentages 80.66% and 18.29%.

Tb(III) Transport in Dispersion Supported Liquid Membrane System with D2EHPA as Carrier in Kerosene

The transport of Tb（III） in dispersion supported liquid membrane（DSLM） with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane（PVDF） as the support and dispersion solution including HCl solution as the stripping solution and di（2-ethylhexyl） phosphoric acid（D2EHPA） dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution, has been studied. The effects of pH value, initial concentration of Tb（III） and different ionic strength in the feed phase, volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution, concentration of HCl solution, concentration of carrier, different stripping agents in the dispersion phase on the transport of Tb（III） have also been investigated, respectively. As a result, the optimum transport conditions of Tb（III） were obtained, i.e., the concentration of HCl solution was 4.0 mol/L, the concentration of D2EHPA was 0.16 mol/L, the volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 30：30 in the dispersion phase and pH value was 4.5 in the feed phase. Ionic strength had no obvious effect on the transport of Tb（III）. Under the optimum conditions, the transport percentage of Tb（III） was up to 96.1% in a transport time of 35 min when the initial concentration of Tb（IIl） was 1.0× 10 -4 mol/L. The diffusion coefficient of Tb（III） in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase were obtained and the values were 1.82×10 -8 m2/s and 5.61 um, respectively. The calculated results were in good agreement with the literature data.

Extraction of germanium(IV) from acid leaching solution with mixtures of P204 and TBP

Solvent extraction experiments were conducted from acidic solutions containing germanium(IV) and other metal ions, such as Ga 3+ , Fe 3+ , Zn 2+ and Fe 2+ in hydrometallurgical process of zinc. The purpose of this work was to enhance the efficiency of the extraction and stripping processes and the selectivity of germanium and other metals, while making the method as simple as possible. Germanium was recovered from sulfuric acid, using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) as an extractant, tributyl phosphate (TBP) as modifier diluted in sulfonate kerosene and stripped by NaOH aqueous solution. Extraction studies were carried out under different acid concentrations and solvent concentrations, and optimized conditions were determined. The numbers of stages required for extraction and stripping of metal ions were determined from the McCabe-Thiele plot. The results show that the extracting and stripping efficiencies are 94.3% and 100%, respectively, through two-stage extraction and two-stage strip. Moreover, the synergistic effect of TBP on the system P204/kerosense/Ge 4+ is revealed with respect to the extraction of germanium.

Combination of on-line preconcentration by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid resin in the presence of complexing agent with microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of rare earths

The adsorption of rare earths,lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,and yttri um by di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) resin in the presence of a compl exing agent,EDTA,was investigated. Flow injection was selected as the injectin g method. Various parameters,sample pH,sample loading time,sample flow rate,EDTA concentration,EDTA flow rate,eluent concentration,and eluent flow rate,were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions,the method allowed the determination of rare earths with detection limits of 1.09 μg/L(lanthanum),3 .31 μg/L(cerium),2.05 μg/L(neodymium),and 1.25 μg/L(yttrium) . High repea tabilities were obtained for all the four rare earths(RSD【5%) . The proposed met hod was applied to the determination of the rare earths in water samples with a recovery range of 95.8%-103.3%.

Structure and aggregation behavior of cobalt-di(2-ethylhexy1)-phosphoric acid complexes in solvent extraction systems

Structure and aggregates formed from cobalt di(2 ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (Co HDEHP) complexes in solvent extraction systems were investigated by FT IR, UV Vis and photon correlation spectroscopic (PCS) techniques. Results showed that the Co HDEHP complex displayed a dehydrated tetrahedral coordination structure of the chelate type in n heptane and the aggregates were rather small. The addition of co surfactant to the solvent produced a series of effect on the physicochemical nature of the molecular aggregates. In the presence of 2 octanol, a partially hydrated octahedral coordination structure was formed in equilibrium with the dehydrated tetrahedral structure for the Co HDEHP aggregates in the organic phase and the equilibrium was found to be affected by the ionic strength of the aqueous phase. Furthermore, the FT IR results showed that Co HDEHP complex in the presence of 2 octanol displayed a bridge coordination between the cobalt and the extractant molecules.

二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸与仲壬基苯氧基取代乙酸混合体系对稀土元素的萃取

考察了二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA,H2A2)和仲壬基苯氧基取代乙酸(CA100,H2B2)混合体系在HCl介质中对15种镧系元素(除钷)及钇的萃取性能,计算了稀土元素间的分离系数,并比较了混合萃取体系与D2EHPA单独萃取体系对稀土元素的分离能力。研究了D2EHPA-CA100混合体系对镧的协同萃取机理,用斜率法和恒摩尔法探讨了萃取反应方程式,考察了酸度、萃取剂浓度及温度对萃取性能的影响。结果表明:D2EHPA-CA100混合体系对镧系元素的协同效应随原子序数的增加而减弱。在适当的萃取剂配比下,此混合体系对某些稀土元素的分离能力优于D2EHPA,可用于这些稀土元素的分离。D2EHPA-CA100混合体系协同萃取镧的萃合物组成为LaH5A6B2,反应为吸热反应。

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸络合萃取对氨基苯酚

二 (2 -乙基己基 )磷酸 (D2 EHPA)络合萃取对氨基苯酚 (PAP)。研究了稀释剂种类、溶液的初始 p H值等因素对稀溶液分配比 (D)的影响。溶液的初始 p H值 (p H2— 1 1 )对萃取结果影响较大 ,当初始 p H值在p Ka1 和 p Ka2 之间时 ,分配比出现峰值。稀释剂则主要是通过物理萃取实现。在同一浓度下 ,二 (2 -乙基己基 )磷酸的萃取能力随稀释剂的极性增大而提高 ,极性环境明显优于惰性稀释剂环境。红外光谱分析表明 ,络合萃取过程存在离子交换和离子缔合两种反应机制。

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸络合萃取邻氨基苯酚的研究

以二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)为萃取剂,研究稀释剂种类、萃取剂浓度、溶液的初始pH值、溶液中甲(乙)醇等因素对邻氨基酚(OAP)稀溶液分配比(D)的影响.结果表明:溶液的初始pH值在7左右时,D有最大值;D值随二(2-乙基己基)磷酸浓度的增大而提高,且在极性环境要优于惰性环境;甲(乙)醇是影响萃取结果的主要因素.

P204萃取脱除铜精矿浸出液中铁

从含砷硫化铜精矿浸出液中萃取除铁是后续制备砷酸铜的一道工序,P204可从硫酸介质中选择性地萃取铁离子.实验结果表明,当有机相组成中P204为30%(-),相比1:1,pH≈1时,通过三级萃取,铁的萃取率达93%以上,铜和砷几乎不被萃取,萃余液中残铁含量降至9mg/L以下.

D2EHPA萃取稀土的有机相红外光谱及添加DMHPA的影响

本文研究了部分皂化的二（２－乙基己基）磷酸（Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ）－正庚烷体系萃取稀土离子Ｙ３＋、Ｐｒ３＋、Ｎｄ３＋、Ｅｕ３＋后有机相的傅里叶变换红外光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）。发现不同稀土离子与萃取剂的配位能力有差异，并且皂化度对萃取有机相中Ｐ＝Ｏ谱带的频率和吸收强度皆有影响。在Ｄ２ＥＨＰＡ中加入二（１－甲基庚基）磷酸（ＤＭＨＰＡ）。

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸萃取L-异亮氨酸的研究

以二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)-正辛烷及D2EHPA-正辛醇萃取L-异亮氨酸为对象，研究了D2EHPA浓度、L-异亮氨酸初始浓度以及pH值对萃取平衡分配系数的影响。结果表明，在实验研究涉及的pH值范围内，分配系数先随pH的增加而增大，在3.5<pH<5区域，pH值对分配系数的影响较小。分配系数还随D2EHPA浓度的增加而增大。正辛醇加入有机相，萃取分配系数增大。D2EHPA与L-异亮氨酸生成萃合比为1∶1或2∶1的萃合物。证实了在D2EHPA萃取L-异亮氨酸的过程中存在着质子转移反应。建立的萃取平衡分配系数关联式的拟合精度是令人满意的。

皂化二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸微乳液及其萃取VO^(2+)的红外光谱研究

研究了利用氨水和ＮａＯＨ皂化Ｐ２０４煤油和Ｐ２０４仲辛醇煤油体系形成的微乳液萃取ＶＯ２＋的红外光谱变化规律。结果表明，两种皂化体系由于水化形成氢键，Ｐ＝Ｏ键的吸收频率均降低，萃取ＶＯ２＋后由于萃合物中两个Ｐ＝Ｏ键产生振动耦合吸收峰分裂为二。

皂化P_(204)/煤油微乳体系分离L-苯丙氨酸的研究

研究了P204-煤油-NaOH组成的微乳液膜配方及其稳定性。通过该液膜体系对L-苯丙氨酸水溶液进行提取实验,考察了P204的浓度、乳水比、外水相pH值、膜相重复使用次数、分离时间等对提取效率的影响。实验结果表明,微乳液膜不仅稳定性好,无明显溶胀和泄漏,分离速度快,而且分离效果好,可自动破乳,油相可重复多次使用,对L-苯丙氨酸的一次性提取率达88.25%。

二-(2-乙基己基)膦酸(P204)-熔融石蜡对金属铜的固液萃取研究

研究了用二-(2-乙基己基)膦酸(P204)-熔融石蜡在60℃对金属铜的固液萃取行为,探讨了酸度、萃取剂浓度、Cu2+浓度、稀释剂用量及搅拌时间等因素对金属铜萃取率的影响.用斜率法确定了萃取机理,测定并计算出了表观萃取平衡常数Kex和相关热力学参数.

聚丙烯中空纤维膜/二(2-乙基已基)膦酸体系萃取水溶液中铜离子的研究(英文)

研究了聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触萃取器中二（2-乙基已基）辟酸萃取金属铜离子的工艺条件以及溶剂夹带，分析了原料的PH值、两相流速、有机相初始铜离子浓度以及萃取膜面积对萃取效率的影响，结果表明，两相流速、萃取膜面积对萃取率基本无影响，而水溶液的pH值和有机相初始铜离子浓度的改变使萃取率在40％～99％之间变化。这主要是由于整个萃取过程的传质阻力主要来源于D2EHPA和Cu^2＋的界面配位络合反应阻力，当铜浓度比较高时，传质阻力或传质系数与铜浓度无关，其值基本不变；而当铜浓度降低时，传质阻力随着铜浓度的降低而增大，传质系数则随着铜浓度的降低而减小。

皂化P_(204)微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的研究

研究了NaOH皂化P204/正辛烷微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的机理和工艺,考察了大豆加入量、P204的浓度、NaOH的浓度、萃取时间、水相pH值及离子强度等对大豆蛋白萃取率的影响。实验结果表明,该微乳体系萃取大豆蛋白的优化工艺条件为:大豆粉与微乳液的质量体积比1∶10,P204在油相中浓度0.8 mol/L,NaOH的浓度1.25 mol/L,萃取时间15 min,外水相pH值5,萃取率可达88.48%。通过调节水相pH和离子强度可实现大豆蛋白的萃取和反萃取。

P_(204)-kerosene-EDTA体系萃取分离钨钼

系统研究了以P204(磷酸二(2-乙基己基)酯)为萃取剂,乙酸丁酯、二甲苯、煤油为稀释剂,从硫酸体系中萃取分离钼的性能。实验结果表明,P204与三种稀释剂组成的有机相均对钼有良好的萃取性能,萃取效率与水相的pH值、萃取时间、酸体系有关。实验证实该体系对钨基本不萃取。基于钨、钼在酸性溶液中易形成聚合杂多酸并考虑稀释剂成本以及环境污染问题,选定以煤油为稀释剂与P204构成有机相,在水相加入EDTA(EDTA∶Mo=2)为络合解聚剂,获得了在酸性介质中萃取分离钨钼的满意结果。实验证实萃取过程为离子交换缔合机理。