Depressive Symptom Endorsement among Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is widely used to assess depressive symptoms in clinical and research settings. This study utilized a 4 factor solution for the 30-item GDS to explore differences in the presentation of depressive symptoms in various types of cognitive impairment. Method: Retrospective chart review was conducted on 254 consecutive cases of community dwelling elderly newly diagnosed with mild Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) n = 122, mild Vascular Dementia (VaD) n = 71 or Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) n = 32 and Non-Amnestic MCI (nMCI) n = 29. Results: Analysis revealed no significant differences (p 05). No statistically significant differences were found between VaD and nMCI or between the MCI groups. Conclusions: Support is provided for the use of GDS subscales in a wide range of cognitively impaired elderly. This study suggests in mild dementia the number and type of depressive symptoms vary significantly between AD and VaD. There are indications that aMCI patients are similar in their symptom endorsement to AD and nMCI are similar to VaD which is consistent with some of the notions regarding likely trajectories of the respective MCI groups.

Analysis of entropies based on empirical mode decomposition in amnesic mild cognitive impairment of diabetes mellitus

EEG characteristics that correlate with the cognitive functions are important in detecting mild cognitive impairment(MCI)in T2DM.To investigate the complexity between aMCI group and age-matched non-aMCI control group in T2DM,six entropies combining empirical mode decomposition(EMD),including Approximate entropy(ApEn),Sample entropy(SaEn),Fuzzy entropy(FEn),Permutation entropy(PEn),Power spectrum entropy(PsEn)and Wavelet entropy(WEn)were used in the study.A feature extraction technique based on maximization of the area under the curve(AUC)and a support vector machine(SVM)were subsequently used to for features selection and classi¯cation.Finally,Pearson's linear correlation was employed to study associations between these entropies and cognitive functions.Compared to other entropies,FEn had a higher classification accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of 68%,67.1% and 71.9%,respectively.Top 43 salient features achieved classification accuracy,sensitivity and speci¯city of 73.8%,72.3% and 77.9%,respectively.P4,T4 and C4 were the highest ranking salient electrodes.Correlation analysis showed that FEn based on EMD was positively correlated to memory at electrodes F7,F8 and P4,and PsEn based on EMD was positively correlated to Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)and memory at electrode T4.In sum,FEn based on EMD in righttemporal and occipital regions may be more suitable for early diagnosis of the MCI with T2DM.

Advances in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging of vascular mild cognitive impairment

Vascular mild cognitive impairment(VaMCI)represents the early stage of symptoms of vascular cognitive impairment(VCI).There are many intervention factors in this period.If the active treatment can delay the further development of the disease and even reduce the risk of transforming into vascular dementia(VaD).As a widely used imaging method,multi-mode magnetic resonance imaging can evaluate the brain structure and function of patients with VaMCI noninvasively and explore the relationship between brain structure,function and cognitive function change.It is beneficial to provide an idea for early diagnosis of VaMCI and to further understand the neuropathologic mechanism of its occurrence,which has broad application prospects.In this paper,the research status and new methods of VaMCI are reviewed by using multi-mode magnetic resonance imaging in recent years.

Large-scale functional connectivity predicts cognitive impairment related to type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Large-scale functional connectivity(LSFC)patterns in the brain have unique intrinsic characteristics.Abnormal LSFC patterns have been found in patients with dementia,as well as in those with mild cognitive impairment(MCI),and these patterns predicted their cognitive performance.It has been reported that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)may develop MCI that could progress to dementia.We investigated whether we could adopt LSFC patterns as discriminative features to predict the cognitive function of patients with T2DM,using connectome-based predictive modeling(CPM)and a support vector machine.AIM To investigate the utility of LSFC for predicting cognitive impairment related to T2DM more accurately and reliably.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were derived from 42 patients with T2DM and 24 healthy controls.Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Patients with T2DM were divided into two groups,according to the presence(T2DM-C;n=16)or absence(T2DM-NC;n=26)of MCI.Brain regions were marked using Harvard Oxford(HOA-112),automated anatomical labeling(AAL-116),and 264-region functional(Power-264)atlases.LSFC biomarkers for predicting MoCA scores were identified using a new CPM technique.Subsequently,we used a support vector machine based on LSFC patterns for among-group differentiation.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve determined the appearance of the classification.RESULTS CPM could predict the MoCA scores in patients with T2DM(Pearson’s correlation coefficient between predicted and actual MoCA scores,r=0.32,P=0.0066[HOA-112 atlas];r=0.32,P=0.0078[AAL-116 atlas];r=0.42,P=0.0038[Power-264 atlas]),indicating that LSFC patterns represent cognition-level measures in these patients.Positive(anti-correlated)LSFC networks based on the Power-264 atlas showed the best predictive performance;moreover,we observed new brain regions of interest associated with T2DM-related cognition.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values(T2DM-NC group vs.T2DM-C group)were 0.65-0.70,with LSFC matrices based on HOA-112 and Power-264 atlases having the highest value(0.70).Most discriminative and attractive LSFCs were related to the default mode network,limbic system,and basal ganglia.CONCLUSION LSFC provides neuroimaging-based information that may be useful in detecting MCI early and accurately in patients with T2DM.

Changes in HIF-1α, VEGF, NGF and BDNF Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid and TheirRelationship with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Cerebral Infarction

Summary： This study was carried out to investigate the role of intrinsic neuroprotective mechanisms in the occurrence and development of vascular cognitive impairment （VCI） with the goal of providing a target for the treatment and prevention of VCI. Inpatients with proven cerebral infarction on cranial computed tomography （CT） were recruited as the ischemic cerebrovascular diseases （ICVD） group, and the patients with mixed stroke were excluded. In ICVD group, 12 patients were diagnosed as having VCI and served as VCI group. Inpatients undergoing surgical operation in our hospital were enrolled as control group. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to detect the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha （HIF-1α）, vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）, nerve growth factor （NGF） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ICVD. Associations between the levels of these factors and the Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） score were evaluated. In ICVD and VCI groups, the levels of HIF-1α and NGF in the cerebrospinal fluid were markedly lower than those in control group （P=-0.037 and P=0.000; P=0.023 and P=-0.005）. In ICVD and VCI groups, the MMSE score was negatively related to VEGF level in the cerebrospinal fluid （r=-0.327, P=0.021; r=-0.585, P=0.046）. In VCI group, HIF-1α level was correlated with NGF level （r=0.589, P=0.044）. HIF-1α and NGF are involved in ischemic and hy- poxic cerebral injury. The HIF signaling pathway plays an important role in intrinsic neuroprotection. Upregulation and maintenance of HIF-1α and NGF expression may attenuate VCI. Changes in VEGF levels are related to the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease

Epidemiological and biological evidences support a link between type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM2) and Alzheimer's disease(AD). Persons with diabetes have a higher incidence of cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing all types of dementia. Cognitive deficits in persons with diabetes mainly affect the areas of psychomotor efficiency, attention, learning and memory, mental flexibility and speed, and executive function. The strong epidemiological association has suggested the existence of a physiopathological link. The determinants of the accelerated cognitive decline in DM2, however, are less clear. Increased cortical and subcortical atrophy have been evidenced after controlling for diabetic vascular disease and inadequate cerebral circulation. Most recent studies have focused on the role of insulin and insulin resistance as possible links between diabetes and AD. Disturbances in brain insulin signaling mechanisms may contribute to the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological lesions in AD. Hyperglycemia itself is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Hypoglycemia may also have deleterious effects on cognitive function. Recurrent symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycemic episodes have been suggested to cause sub-clinical brain damage, and permanent cognitive impairment. Futuretrials are required to clarify the mechanistic link, to address the question whether cognitive decline may be prevented by an adequate metabolic control, and to elucidate the role of drugs that may cause hypoglycemic episodes.

Identification and classification of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types among senior patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment using latent tree analysis

OBJECTIVE： To treat patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment （VMCI） using traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, it is necessary to classify the patients into TCM syndrome types and to apply different treatments to different types. In this paper, we investigate how to properly carry out the classification for patients with VMCI aged 50 or above using a novel data-driven method known as latent tree analysis （LTA）. METHOD： A cross-sectional survey on VMCI was carried out in several regions in Northern China between February 2008 and February 2012 which resulted in a data set that involves 803 patients and 93 symptoms. LTA was performed on the data to reveal symptom co-occurrence patterns, and the patients were partitioned into clusters in multiple ways based on the patterns. The patient clusters were matched up with syndrome types, and population statistics of the clusters are used to quantify the syndrome types and to establish classification rules. RESULTS： Eight syndrome types are identified： Qi deficiency, Qi stagnation, Blood deficiency, Blood stasis, Phlegm-dampness, Fire-heat, Yang deficiency, and Yin deficiency. The prevalence and symptom occurrence characteristics of each syndrome type are determined. Quantitative classification rules are established for determining whether a patient belongs to each of the syndrome types. CONCLUSION： A solution for the TCM syndrome classification problem for patients with VMCI and aged 50 or above is established based on the LTA of unlabeled symptom survey data. The results can be used as a reference in clinic practice to improve the quality of syndrome differentiation and to reduce diagnosis variances across physicians. They can also be used for patient selection in research projects aimed at finding biomarkers for the syndrome types and in randomized control trials aimed at determining the efficacy of TCM treatments of VMCI.

Selective Aberrant Functional–Structural Coupling of Multiscale Brain Networks in Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment

Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment(svMCI)is a common prodromal stage of vascular dementia.Although mounting evidence has suggested abnormalities in several single brain network metrics,few studies have explored the consistency between functional and structural connectivity networks in svMCI.Here,we constructed such networks using resting-state f MRI for functional connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging for structural connectivity in 30 patients with svMCI and 30 normal controls.The functional networks were then parcellated into topological modules,corresponding to several well-defined functional domains.The coupling between the functional and structural networks was finally estimated and compared at the multiscale network level(whole brain and modular level).We found no significant intergroup differences in the functional–structural coupling within the whole brain;however,there was significantly increased functional–structural coupling within the dorsal attention module and decreased functional–structural coupling within the ventral attention module in the svMCI group.In addition,the svMCI patients demonstrated decreased intramodular connectivity strength in the visual,somatomotor,and dorsal attention modules as well as decreased intermodular connectivity strength between several modules in the functional network,mainly linking the visual,somatomotor,dorsal attention,ventral attention,and frontoparietal control modules.There was no significant correlation between the altered module-level functional–structural coupling and cognitive performance in patients with svMCI.These findings demonstrate for the first time that svMCI is reflected in a selective aberrant topological organization in multiscale brain networks and may improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying svMCI.

中医导引功法组方治疗血管性轻度认知障碍的疗效研究

目的探讨中医导引功法组方治疗血管性轻度认知功能障碍(vascular mild cognitive impairment,VaMCI)的疗效。方法本研究为横断面研究。选取2017年1月至2019年1月在天津医科大学总医院康复医学科就诊的VaMCI患者50例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将患者分为导引功法组25例[男12例、女13例,年龄(67.20±5.37)岁]和常规治疗组25例[男13例、女12例,年龄(67.36±5.38)岁]。另选取无疾病人群25例为正常组[男11例、女14例,年龄(67.04±4.36)岁]。常规治疗组给予基础治疗及常规运动功能康复训练,导引功法组在常规治疗组基础上经专业人员指导进行导引功法训练,疗程均为12周。对比3组治疗前后收缩压、舒张压及简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、洛文斯顿认知功能评定量表(LOTCA)及改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分。采用χ^(2)检验、t检验、方差分析。结果治疗12周后,导引功法组的MMSE评分、MoCA评分、MBI评分、注意力评分、视运动组织评分、思维操作评分及LOTCA总评分均高于常规治疗组[(23.64±2.90)分比(21.56±1.90)分、(23.72±2.42)分比(20.64±2.40)分、(75.80±7.31)分比(71.20±7.94)分、(3.12±0.73)分比(2.56±0.58)分、(21.96±1.90)分比(19.56±1.98)分、(26.16±1.89)分比(24.44±2.58)分、(96.20±4.25)比(90.44±6.58)分],导引功法组的收缩压、舒张压均低于常规治疗组[(137.00±10.70)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)比(147.60±8.91)mmHg、(73.80±10.23)mmHg比(85.40±10.60)mmHg],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。导引功法组治疗12周后的MMSE评分、收缩压、舒张压与正常组比较差异均无统计学意义[(23.64±2.90)分比(23.52±2.20)分、(137.00±10.70)mmHg比(138.80±7.94)mmHg、(73.80±10.23)mmHg比(73.40±10.08)mmHg](均P>0.05)。导引功法组治疗前后MMSE、MoCA、MBI、注意力、定向力、视运动组织、思维操作评分、LOTCA总分、收缩压的差值均大于常规治疗组和正常组(均P<0.05)。结论中医导引功法组方可以明显改善VaMCI患者的认知功能和日常生活活动能力,是VaMCI的有效治疗手段,值得在临床工作中进一步推广。

阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱治疗脑小血管病轻度认知障碍疗效观察

目的 分析阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱治疗脑小血管病(CSVD)轻度认知障碍(MCI)的疗效及对患者血-脑屏障功能和炎症因子的影响。方法 选取2021-03—2023-03自贡市第四人民医院收治的102例CSVD合并MCI患者为研究对象,分为观察组与对照组各51例。对照组口服胞磷胆碱钠片,观察组在对照组基础上加用阿托伐他汀钙片口服,2组均持续治疗3个月。治疗结束后比较2组患者临床疗效,以及治疗前、治疗3个月后蒙特利尔评定量表(MoCA)评分、血-脑屏障功能、炎症因子水平[血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]和血脂水平[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)],记录治疗期间不良反应。结果 治疗后观察组总有效率优于对照组(94.12%比78.43%,P<0.05)。2组患者MoCA评分较治疗前均显著升高,观察组为(27.07±1.05)分,高于对照组的(25.89±1.54)分(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗后伊文思蓝水平、血清CRP、IL-6水平、血清TC、TG和LDL-C水平较治疗前均降低,观察组分别为(10.29±1.17)μg/g、(4.67±1.03)mg/L、(101.76±10.54)ng/L、(2.06±0.46)mmol/L、(1.65±0.32)mmol/L、(1.84±0.30)mmol/L,均低于对照组的(13.87±1.56)μg/g、(6.93±1.78)mg/L、(109.34±11.12)ng/L、(3.24±0.49)mmol/L、(2.24±0.48)mmol/L、(2.39±0.46)mmol/L(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗期间相关不良反应发生率无统计学差异(7.84%比5.88%,P>0.05)。结论 阿托伐他汀联合胞磷胆碱治疗CSVD合并MCI疗效确切,有利于改善患者认知功能、血-脑屏障功能,并降低炎症因子和脂质代谢水平。

认知-运动双重任务训练对老年血管性轻度认知障碍病人认知状态及步行能力的影响

目的:探究认知-运动双重任务训练对老年血管性轻度认知障碍(VaMCI)病人认知状态及步行能力的影响。方法:选取我院2021年4月—2022年4月收治80例老年VaMCI病人作为研究对象,依据训练方式不同分为常规训练组和双重任务组,各40例。常规训练组给予常规认知功能训练,双重任务组给予认知-运动双重任务训练,干预3个月后比较两组病人认知状态、步行能力、跌倒风险控制。结果:干预后,双重任务组临床痴呆量表(CDR)评分低于常规训练组,简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分高于常规训练组(P<0.05),改良Barthel指数(MBI)评分、步频、步速水平高于常规训练组(P<0.05),修订版跌倒功效量表(MFES)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分高于常规训练组(P<0.05)。结论:认知-运动双重任务训练可改善老年VaMCI病人的认知状态,调控跌倒风险控制水平,调节步行能力。

糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者亚群分类研究

目的探索糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者的潜在分类,以识别各类患者特征,为分层管理提供参考。方法采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表、精神简明状态量表、糖尿病自我管理量表对235例糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者进行调查。根据患者认知功能和自我管理特征对患者进行系统聚类确定分类数,再采用K-means进行患者分类研究及特征分析。结果糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者分为高认知低管理型、低认知低管理型、高认知型高管理和低认知高管理型4类;不同文化程度、来源、医保类型、个人月收入、低血糖发生频率患者的类别分布比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者的认知功能及自我管理能力存在异质性。建议医护人员在对患者分类的基础上,应充分考虑不同类别的特征,为患者制定个性化治疗护理方案,以预防疾病进一步发展。

太极拳训练对2型糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者脑网络拓扑结构的影响

目的:研究旨在探讨太极拳训练对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者脑网络拓扑结构的影响。方法:招募T2DM合并MCI的患者,随机分为太极拳训练组(n=33)、健步走组(n=31)和健康教育组(n=35),在基线和干预24周,使用MoCA评估整体认知功能,采用磁共振成像技术和图论方法分析特征路径长度、介数中心性和节点效率,评估脑网络拓扑结构。结果:24周后,太极拳训练组的MoCA评分与健康教育组相比有显著提高(P=0.016),但与健步走组相比差异不显著;特征路径长度在三组之间无显著变化;太极拳训练组的介数中心性在右侧中央前回、右侧颞中回(颞枕部)、左侧角回区域较健康教育组显著增加,且太极拳训练组的介数中心性在双侧颞中回(颞枕部)的高于健步走组;太极拳训练组的节点效率在右侧缘上回(后部)节点效率较健康对照组显著增加;相关分析显示干预前后,太极拳训练组左侧颞中回的介数中心性与MoCA得分变化呈显著正相关(r=0.642,P<0.001),右侧缘上回的节点效率与MoCA得分变化也呈正相关(r=0.372,P=0.033)。结论:本研究初步揭示了太极拳训练可能通过调节左侧颞中回、右侧缘上回等脑区的脑网络局部拓扑属性,改善了T2DM合并MCI患者的认知功能。

血清皮质醇与血管性轻度认知障碍肾阳虚证患者认知功能的相关性研究

目的探讨血清皮质醇与血管性轻度认知障碍肾阳虚证患者认知功能之间的关系。方法选取64例血管性轻度认知障碍肾阳虚证患者。根据血清皮质醇中位数分为高皮质醇组和低皮质醇组,各32例,收集患者一般临床资料、血清皮质醇指标,并进行神经心理学量表及肾阳虚量表测评。采用相关性分析及线性回归分析探讨血清皮质醇与血管性轻度认知障碍肾阳虚证患者认知功能之间的关系。结果与低皮质醇组相比,高皮质醇组的高血压病、脑血管病比例更高,MoCA、MMSE、AESC量表评分更低(P<0.05),ADL、HAMD、肾阳虚证辨识量表评分更高(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示高皮质醇与ADL、HAMD、肾阳虚辨识量表评分均呈正相关,与MoCA、MMSE、AESC量表评分均呈负相关(P<0.001)。线性回归分析结果显示高皮质醇为MoCA量表评分的独立危险因素,血管性轻度认知障碍肾阳虚证患者的血清皮质醇水平越高,MoCA量表评分越低(P<0.001),认知损害越严重。结论血清皮质醇的升高可能是血管性轻度认知障碍肾阳虚证患者认知功能损害的潜在因素。

房颤合并糖尿病患者影响轻度认知功能障碍发生的多因素分析及预测模型建立

目的探讨房颤合并糖尿病患者轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)的影响因素,及预测模型的建立,为房颤合并糖尿病患者MCI的治疗提供指导。方法分析2023年1月至2024年1月在郑州大学第五附属医院心血管内科二病区就诊并确诊为房颤合并糖尿病的患者199例,采用单因素分析和多元logistic回归分析房颤合并糖尿病患者影响MCI的相关因素,根据多元logistic回归分析结果建立房颤合并糖尿病患者影响MCI的预测模型。结果单因素分析结果显示,年龄(P=0.0023)、同型半胱氨酸(P<0.0001)、空腹血糖(P=0.0225)、糖化血红蛋白(P=0.0066)、血尿酸(P=0.0322)为MCI发生的影响因素。多因素logistic回归分析:年龄(OR=1.08,P=0.0004)、同型半胱氨酸(OR=1.37,P<0.0001)、空腹血糖(OR=1.22,P=0.0235)、糖化血红蛋白(OR=1.61,P=0.0042)、血尿酸(OR=1.29,P=0.0091)为MCI发生的独立影响因素。在约登指数(Youden index,YI)最大时,为最佳阈值。本研究在最佳阈值处,灵敏度为0.74,特异度为0.80,曲线下面积(AUC)=0.809,说明该模型能较好预测MCI发生。结论年龄、空腹血糖、血同型半胱氨酸、血尿酸、血糖化血红蛋白是房颤合并糖尿病患者MCI发生的独立危险因素。基于多因素logistic回归构建临床预测模型对房颤合并糖尿病患者MCI发生具有一定的预测价值。

多格列艾汀联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察多格列艾汀联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)的疗效。方法选取2022年11月至2023年11月潍坊市人民医院90例T2DM合并MCI患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和联合组,各45例。对照组采用二甲双胍治疗,联合组于对照组基础上联合多格列艾汀治疗。比较两组治疗前后血糖水平、血糖波动情况、认知功能、认知功能相关生化指标[同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)]、不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗后糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、空腹血糖(FPG)均较治疗前降低,且联合组HbAlc、2 h PG、FPG低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后餐后血糖波动幅度(PPGE)、血糖水平标准差(SDBG)、日间血糖平均绝对差(MODD)、平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)均较治疗前降低,且联合组PPGE、SDBG、MODD、MAGE低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分较治疗前升高,且联合组MoCA评分高于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后BDNF、DHEA均较治疗前升高,Hcy较治疗前降低,且联合组BDNF、DHEA水平高于对照组,Hcy水平低于对照组(P<0.05);联合组不良反应发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多格列艾汀联合二甲双胍能显著降低T2DM合并MCI患者的血糖水平和血糖波动,改善认知功能障碍。

社区管理的老年2型糖尿病患者并发轻度认知功能障碍相关影响因素研究

背景2型糖尿病和轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)是社区老年人常见的健康问题,目前缺乏参与社区管理的老年2型糖尿病患者合并MCI的状况及其影响因素研究。目的探究社区管理的老年2型糖尿病患者并发MCI的认知特点及相关影响因素。方法于2022年7—10月,采用系统抽样法选取上海市某社区卫生服务中心在管的≥60岁2型糖尿病患者399例,收集患者的一般人口学资料和健康问题、体格检查及实验室检查结果[空腹血糖(FBG)、总三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA_(1c))],并采用蒙特利尔认知评估基础量表(Mo CA-B)中文版进行认知功能评估,以是否伴发MCI分为MCI组(n=157)和非MCI组(n=242),采用二分类Logistic回归分析探讨社区管理的老年2型糖尿病患者并发MCI的影响因素。结果社区管理的老年2型糖尿病患者MCI患病率39.3%(157/399)。MCI组执行功能、定向、计算、抽象、延迟记忆、视知觉、命名、注意的异常率高于非MCI组(P<0.05),以延迟记忆受损(92.4%)最常见。两组年龄、婚姻、受教育年限、饮酒、FBG、HbA_(1c)、TC、LDL-C比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁(OR=3.002,95%CI=1.379~6.534)、FBG≥7.0 mmol/L(OR=2.432,95%CI=1.436~4.119)、HbA_(1c)为7%~9%(OR=2.349,95%CI=1.380~3.997)、HbA_(1c)>9%(OR=5.106,95%CI=2.150~12.130)、LDL-C(OR=2.451,95%CI=1.266~4.743)、受教育年限7~12年(OR=0.419,95%CI=0.183~0.960)和>12年(OR=0.243,95%CI=0.086~0.692)是老年2型糖尿病患者并发MCI的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论社区管理的老年2型糖尿病患者MCI患病率较高,存在多认知领域损害,年龄≥80岁、FBG≥7.0 mmol/L、HbA_(1c)为7%~9%、HbA_(1c)>9%、高LDL-C并发MCI风险增加,高受教育年限是社区管理的老年2型糖尿病患者并发MCI的保护性因素,开展早期认知功能障碍筛查,长期血糖控制,降低LDL-C水平等措施对改善社区管理的老年2型糖尿病患者的认知功能有一定帮助。

运动疗法对2型糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍患者疗效的研究进展

糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)是全球重要的公共卫生问题,其中以2型糖尿病(T2DM)负担最重。我国T2DM患者已达1.409亿,位居全球首位。T2DM患者常合并轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)。运动能够改善认知功能,从而预防老年痴呆。本文就不同类型的运动疗法改善T2DM合并MCI患者认知功能的研究进展进行综述。

同型半胱氨酸水平与中老年2型糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍的相关分析

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸水平与中老年2型糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍之间的关系。方法选择2022年11月1日—2023年9月30日在山东第一医科大学第二附属医院内分泌科就诊的中老年2型糖尿病患者121例,根据血浆同型半胱氨酸水平,将患者分为同型半胱氨酸正常组(≤15μmol/L)59例、同型半胱氨酸升高组(>15μmol/L)62例;采用简易智力状态检查量表和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)对各组患者进行认知功能评定并比较。结果与同型半胱氨酸正常组患者相比,同型半胱氨酸升高组患者中存在轻度认知功能障碍的比例明显较高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。在MoCA量表总分方面,与正常组相比较,同型半胱氨酸升高组患者的MoCA量表总分明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);在视空间与执行功能、命名、延迟回忆方面,同型半胱氨酸升高组患者得分均明显低于正常组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001);在注意、语言、定向方面相比,同型半胱氨酸升高组患者得分均明显低于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在抽象方面,同型半胱氨酸升高组患者得分与正常组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论同型半胱氨酸水平与蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表总分呈负相关,是2型糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍的危险因素。血浆同型半胱氨酸升高对认知功能中的视空间与执行功能、命名、延迟回忆、注意、语言、定向这些方面存在影响,尤其是命名以及延迟回忆方面影响较为显著,而对抽象功能无影响。