Improving nursing care protocols for diabetic patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent years

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has become one of the major pandemics of the 21st century.In this scenario,nursing interventions are essential for improving self-care and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Nursing interventions are crucial for managing the disease and preventing complications.AIM To analyse nursing interventions in recent years through a systematic review and meta-analysis and to propose improvements in care plans.METHODS This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of nursing interventions on quantitative glycaemic variables,such as glycated haemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose.RESULTS After confirming that the combined effect of all studies from the past 5 years positively impacts quantitative variables,a descriptive analysis of the studies with the most significant changes was conducted.Based on this,an improvement in diabetic patient care protocols has been proposed through follow-up plans tailored to the patient’s technological skills.CONCLUSION The combined results obtained and the proposal for improvement developed in this manuscript could help to improve the quality of life of many people around the world.

Effect of a comprehensive geriatric assessment nursing intervention model on older patients with diabetes and hypertension

BACKGROUND The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment(CGA)was introduced late in China and is primarily used for investigating and evaluating health problems in older adults in outpatient and community settings.However,there are few reports on its application in hospitalized patients,especially older patients with diabetes and hypertension.AIM To explore the nursing effect of CGA in hospitalized older patients with diabetes and hypertension.METHODS We performed a retrospective single-center analysis of patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypertension who were hospitalized and treated in the Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between September 2020 and June 2022.Among the 80 patients included,40 received CGA nursing interventions(study group),while the remaining 40 received routine nursing care(control group).The study group's comprehensive approach included creating personalized CGA profiles,multidisciplinary assessments,and targeted inter-ventions in areas,such as nutrition,medication adherence,exercise,and mental health.However,the control group received standard nursing care,including general and medical history collection,fall prevention measures,and regular patient monitoring.After 6 months of nursing care implementation,we evaluated the effectiveness of the interventions,including assessments of blood glucose levels fasting blood glucose,2-h postprandial blood glucose,and glycated hemoglobin,type A1c(HbA1c);blood pressure indicators such as diastolic blood pressure(DBP)and systolic blood pressure(SBP);quality of life as measured by the 36-item Short Form Survey(SF-36)questionnaire;and treatment adherence.RESULTS After 6 months,the nursing outcomes indicated that patients who underwent CGA nursing interventions experienced a significant decrease in blood glucose indicators,such as fasting blood glucose,2-h postprandial blood glucose,and HbA1c,as well as blood pressure indicators,including DBP and SBP,compared with the control group(P<0.05).Quality of life assessments,including physical health,emotion,physical function,overall health,and mental health,showed marked improvements compared to the control group(P<0.05).In the study group,38 patients adhered to the clinical treatment requirements,whereas only 32 in the control group adhered to the clinical treatment requirements.The probability of treatment adherence among patients receiving CGA nursing interventions was higher than that among patients receiving standard care(95%vs 80%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CGA nursing intervention significantly improved glycemic control,blood pressure management,and quality of life in hospitalized older patients with diabetes and hypertension,compared to routine care.

Analysis of The Effect of Comprehensive Nursing Intervention on Improving Blood Sugar Levels and Treatment Compliance in Elderly Patients with Diabetes

Objective: To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on improving blood glucose levels and treatment compliance in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods: One hundred and forty-eight elderly patients with diabetes were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 74 cases each. The control group received routine nursing intervention and the observation group received comprehensive nursing intervention. The blood sugar levels, treatment compliance, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of patients before and after intervention were compared. Results: After the intervention, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (t = 7.729), 2 hours postprandial glucose (PPG) (t = 8.343), and HbA1c (t = 6.929) levels of patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The observation group (71/95.95%) had a higher compliance rate than the control group (54/72.97%) (χ^(2)=14.877, P < 0.001). The comprehensive nursing satisfaction rate of the observation group (73/98.65%) was higher than that of the control group (56/75.68%) (χ^(2)=17.451, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In caring for elderly patients with diabetes, comprehensive nursing intervention effectively reduced patients’ blood sugar levels and improved treatment compliance and nursing satisfaction.

Experience of humanistic nursing in hemodialysis nursing for patients with diabetic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a prevalent complication of diabetes that often requires hemodialysis for treatment.In the field of nursing,there is a growing recognition of the importance of humanistic care,which focuses on the holistic needs of patients,including their emotional,psychological,and social well-being.However,the application of humanistic nursing in the context of hemodialysis for DKD patients remains relatively unexplored.AIM To explore the experience of humanistic nursing in hemodialysis nursing for DKD patients.METHODS Ninety-six DKD patients treated with hemodialysis from March 2020 to June 2022 were included in the study and divided into the control cluster(48 cases)and the study cluster(48 cases)according to different nursing methods;the control cluster was given routine nursing and the study cluster was given humanized nursing.The variances of negative emotion mark,blood glucose,renal function,the incidence of complications,life mark and nursing satisfaction before and after nur-sing were contrasted between the two clusters.RESULTS No significant difference in negative emotion markers between the two clusters were observed before nursing(P>0.05),and the negative emotion markers of the two clusters decreased after nursing.The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale markers were lower in the study cluster than the control cluster.The healing rate of patients in the study cluster was significantly higher than the control cluster(97.92%vs 85.42%,P<0.05).Blood glucose parameters were not significantly different between the groups prior to nursing(P>0.05).However,after nursing,blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine(SCr)levels in the study cluster were lower than those in the control cluster(P<0.05).The incidence rate of complications was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control cluster(6.25%vs 20.83%,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the life markers between the two clusters before nursing.While the life markers increased after nursing for both groups,the 36-item health scale markers in the study cluster were higher than those within the control cluster(P<0.05).Finally,the nursing satisfaction rate was 93.75% in the study cluster,compared to 75% in the control cluster(P<0.05).CONCLUSION In hemodialysis for DKD patients,the implementation of humanistic nursing achieved ideal results,effectively reducing patients’psychological negative emotion markers so that they can actively cooperate with the diagnosis and nursing,facilitate the control of blood glucose and the maintenance of residual renal function,reduce the occurrence of complications,and finally enhance the life quality and nursing satisfaction of patients.It is worthy of being widely popularized and applied.

Effect of a new health education model on continuous nursing in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus

Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of a new health education model on continuous nursing care in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus who had undergone an operation for fracture.Methods: Convenience sampling was used to select 59 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and fracture. New health education methods were used, and patient parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention.Results: Evaluation of medication, reasonable diet, regular exercise, blood glucose monitoring, and regular follow-up compliance were significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.05). There were also significant differences between groups in fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels(P < 0.05); however, the differences between groups in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin and total cholesterol levels were not statistically significant(P > 0.05). Finally, the functional recovery and mental health of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group(P < 0.05).Conclusions: The implementation of a menu of voluntary services in community-based continuous nursing provided standardized nursing care for elderly patients with fracture and diabetes mellitus and improved their quality of life.

Analysis of the Effect of Outpatient Nursing Intervention on Hypoglycemic Treatment Effect and Psychological Emotions of Diabetic Patients

Objective:To explore the effect of outpatient nursing interventions on the hypoglycemic treatment and psychological emotions of diabetic patients.Methods:148 patients who came to our hospital for outpatient treatment from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group,with 74 cases per group,according to the random number table method.The control group received routine nursing intervention,and the observation group received outpatient nursing intervention based on the control group.The two groups were observed for their effects of hypoglycemic treatment and psychological and emotional improvement before and after outpatient nursing intervention.Results:The health behavior scores of the control group were lower than that of the observation group;the post-intervention fasting blood glucose,2h postprandial blood glucose,anxiety self-rating scale(SAS),and the depression self-rating scale(SDS)of the control group were significantly higher than that of the observation group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:Outpatient nursing intervention encouraged patients to comply with healthy behaviors and helped control blood sugar levels.Patients’anxiety,depression,and other adverse psychological states were also improved hence the outpatient nursing intervention is worthy of further promotion.

Mutation Analysis of AVPR2 and AQP2 Gene in Chinese Patients with Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

To detect mutations of the aquaporin 2 gene（AQP2） and the arginine vasopressin V2 receptor gene（AVPR2） of Chinese congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and to establish the foundation for further studying the emergence mechanism of the disease and clinical diagnosis, all the exons and part of introns of AQP2 and AVPR2 genes were amplified with intronic primers, using genomic DNA extracted from three patients with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and two mothers as template, PCR product was ligated into a T-vector and then sequenced. The result was compared with the database sequence to identify the mutable sites via a BLAST search, the incidence of every mutation was analyzed, and the putative transcription factor binding sites that maybe disturbed were analyzed by MAPPER. Mutation g.1394A〉G in exon 3 of AVPR2 was detected in all the subjects, g.861C〉T（S167L） in exon 2 of AVPR2 and IVS1＋3G〉A in intron of AQP2 were detected, respectively, in two patients, and c.836A〉C in 3′ untranslated region of AQP2 was detected in two patients and one mother. Four mutations were identified. g.1394A〉G of AVPR2 and c.836A〉C of AQP2 have high incidence in patients with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Detection on the two sites may become auxiliary diagnosis index of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Prolonged coexistent central diabetes insipidus and cerebral salt wasting syndrome following neurosurgery

The coexistence of different water homeostasis abnormalities following neurosurgery represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for intensive care units. This paper reports the case of a 13 year-old boy who underwent surgery for a suprasellar tumour and, immediately after surgery, developed a cerebral abscess, persistent diabetes insipidus (DI) as well as cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS). The early onset of CSWS following DI has been associated with a poor prognosis and increased mortality. In cases in which these abnormalities coexist, the increased polyuria secondary to the rise in natriuresis associated with CSWS might be erroneously interpreted as a sign of poor control of the DI, thereby leading to therapeutic mistakes. Treatment basically consists of restoring electrolytes and the joint administration of desmopressin and fludrocortisone.

Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Protocols for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective:To analyze the implementation status of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing protocols for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Totally 420 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were given TCM nursing protocols by syndrome differentiation.A quantitative and qualitative investigation was conducted to patients who received TCM nursing and nurses who performed TCM nursing techniques.Results:According to the self-evaluation outcomes of patients,TCM nursing protocols were effective to relieve polydipsia,polyuria,fatigue and other symptoms.Patients exhibited a high level of compliance with nursing techniques such as auricular point pressing,acupoint massage,Chinese herbal foot-bath and moxibustion.The interview showed that patients could benefit from the TCM nursing protocols,and nurses considered that application of TCM nursing protocols could enhance their awareness of TCM knowledge and practice skills.Conclusion:The application of TCM nursing protocols is effective to relieve clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus.It can also improve the knowledge level and practice skills of nurses in TCM hospitals.

Outcome of Vision Impairment and Diabetes Insipidus in Suprasellar Region Germinoma

Aim: Many cases of suprasellar region germinoma occurs in diabetes insipidus (DI), but a patient initially may come to the hospital for the chief complaint of visual impairment. The aim of this study is to determine the etiology of initial symptom presentation and the outcomes of visual impairment and DI in suprasellar region germinoma. Methods: We investigated eleven cases of single lesion suprasellar germinomas that were diagnosed and treated in our hospital. For each, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Results: At the hospital visit, decreased visual acuity was found in 5/11 cases, while DI was found in all cases. The decreased visual acuity was improved in 4/5 cases by treatment, but DI improved in only 2/11 cases. In 10 cases, DI occurred earlier than visual impairment. As the initial symptom, visual impairment occurred earlier than DI in only one case and did not improve by treatment. In this case, a pituitary stalk of the normal thickness could be identified by MRI, and the optic nerve was swollen. In ten cases except this case, no significant enlargement of optic nerve was detected, and a swollen pituitary stalk was confirmed. Conclusions: In suprasellar germinomas, it is rare, but the optic nerve can significantly swell at onset, while the pituitary stalk may be intact. In such cases, visual impairment occurs earlier than DI, and visual impairment may not be improved.

A Case of Central Diabetes Insipidus: Evaluation in Pregnancy

A 20 years old woman, admitted in our Centre at the 6th week of pregnancy, was affected by Central Diabetes Insipidus and since the age of 10 years old she assumed desmopressin at a dose of 30mg/nostril/day. She was primigravida, with normal past medical history. Fasting blood levels were normal;specific gravity of the urine: 1006;no glucosuria or proteinuria was present. Urinary and plasma osmolality were 245 and 287 mOsm/l;water intake about 2700mL/day;diuresis 2000mL/day. On the basis of the value of urine output and osmolality the dose of desmopressin was Increased at 40 mg/nostril/day. Patient was evaluated every month with fluid balance, urine volume, osmolality, and serum electrolytes. Daily dosage of desmopressin was 40mg/nostril for all the duration of pregnancy according to a trend of an adequate fluid and electrolytes balance and in absence of symptoms. Mean blood Pressure was 100/60 mmHg;coagulation, liver, renal function were normal. Fetal monitoring with periodic ultrasound detected a normal intrauterine growth. Patient had an uncomplicated labor of a healthy male baby at the 39th week. Because of an insufficient dilatation of the cervical canal caesarian section was chosen. Despite a previous Central Diabetes Insipidus may worsen in a pregnant with impaired reserve of Antidiuretic Hormone because of the changes in osmoregulatory system and increased levels of vasopressinasis in middle and late pregnancy, our patient required a slightly higher dose of desmopressin in the first trimester. Contrary to expectations the need of desmopressin did not increase during the weeks.

Research on the Effect of Humanistic Nursing Care on Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Objective:To explore and analyze the effect of humanistic nursing care on elderly type 2 diabetes patients.Methods:100 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated in our hospital from May 2021-May 2023 were selected for this study.The patients were divided into an experimental group and a reference group by flipping a coin,with 50 cases in each group.The experimental group received humanistic nursing care,while the reference group received routine nursing care.The blood glucose level,compliance and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:Before the intervention,there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in pre-meal blood glucose,blood glucose 2 hours after eating,and glycosylated hemoglobin(P>0.05).After the intervention,pre-meal blood glucose,blood glucose 2 hours after eating,and glycosylated hemoglobin in the humanities group were significantly better than those in the reference group(P<0.05).Besides,before the intervention,there was no statistically significant difference in compliance with diet,medication,examination,and exercise between the groups(P>0.05).After the intervention,the compliance with diet,medication,examination,and exercise in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the reference group(P<0.05).The patients in the experimental group were significantly more satisfied with the nursing care received than the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Humanistic nursing care can reduce blood sugar in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes,strengthen treatment compliance,and improve satisfaction.

Diabetes insipidus with impaired vision caused by germinoma and perioptic meningeal seeding:A case report

BACKGROUND Germinoma is a type of germ cell tumor that most frequently arises in the midline axis of the brain.Impaired vision is a clinical manifestation of germinnoma.Although rare,intracranial germinoma seeding to the perioptic arachnoid space is one cause of visual acuity decrease.CASE SUMMARY An 11yearold girl who presented with polyuria and polydipsia and subsequently developed diminution of vision.Imaging showed bilateral heterogeneous enhancement of the optic nerve sheaths and atrophy of the optic nerve,and transsphenoidal biopsy revealed a germinoma.The patient experienced poor visual recovery following chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Germinomas are rare and they are mostly identified in children and adolescents.The manifestations include diabetes insipidus,pituitary dysfunction,visual complaints,etc.The mechanisms that lead to visual loss include intracranial hypertension,compression of optic chiasma,and tumor invasion.A literature review was performed to summarize the cases with a tumor infiltrating the optic nerve.Most of the reported patients were adolescents and presented with anterior pituitary hormone deficiency.Enhancement of optic nerve sheaths and optic disc pallor could be identified in most of the cases.The purpose of this report is to provide awareness that in cases where a germinoma is associated with visual loss,though rare,perioptic meningeal seeding should be taken into consideration.CONCLUSION The case report suggests that children with diabetes insipidus need a complete differential diagnosis.

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to the mutation in AVPR2(c.541C>T)in a neonate:A case report

BACKGROUND Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare hereditary renaldisorder that is caused by mutations in AVPR2 or aquaporin 2 (AQP2). Up tonow, there are few reports about CNDI in neonates. Early clinical manifestationsof CNDI in neonates are atypical. A lack of understanding of the disease byclinicians causes frequent misdiagnoses or missed diagnoses, which may result infailure to administer treatments in time and ultimately leads to severecomplications. In this study, clinical data of a case of AVPR2 gene mutationinducedCNDI, which was confirmed by genetic testing, were retrospectivelyanalyzed to improve our understanding of this disease.CASE SUMMARY On February 1, 2020, a male neonate was hospitalized 17 d after birth due to a 7 dperiod of pyrexia. The patient’s symptoms included recurrent pyrexia,hypernatremia and hyperchloremia, which were difficult to treat. The patient wasfed on demand, and water was additionally provided between milk intakes. Acombination treatment of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride was administered.After the treatment, body temperature and electrolyte levels returned to normal,the volume of urine was significantly reduced and the patient was subsequentlydischarged. Genetic tests confirmed that the patient carried the AVPR2 genemissense mutation c.541C>T (P.R181C), and the patient’s mother carried aheterozygous mutation at the same locus. After clinical treatment with acombination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride, the body temperature andelectrolyte levels returned to normal. Up until the most recent follow-up examination, normal body temperature, electrolyte levels and growth anddevelopment were observed.CONCLUSION CNDI in the neonatal period is rare, and its clinical manifestations are unspecificwith some patients merely showing recurrent fever and electrolyte disturbance.Genetic testing of AVPR2 and AQP2 can be used for screening and geneticdiagnosis of CNDI.

Transient D-Penicillamine-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus during Treatment of a Patient with Cystinuria —D-Penicillamine-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Background: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disorder characterized by inappropriate polyuria and hypo-osmolar urine. It is caused by inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone, in response to hypothalamic osmoreceptor-stimulation, from the pituitary gland (central DI) or resistance to its action at terminal distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts (nephrogenic DI). Most cases of nephrogenic DI are caused by drugs, especially chronic lithium use. The Case: A 46-year-old man manifested such a disorder 8 months following d-Penicillamine (d-P) therapy for cystinuria. The drug was discontinued and the patient was managed conservatively with high fluid intake, diet low in protein and salt as well as alkalization of urine with Urolyte U to a pH > 7.5. Six weeks later, such side effect disappeared. Our patient had developed such phenomenon: a) without significant liver or renal disease to account for cumulative toxicity, and b) with a conventional dosage range of d-P. Such isolated toxicity indicates inherited a predisposition to this side effect. Conclusion: DI is a potential side effect of d-P therapy that is nephrogenic in site, transient in prognosis and an isolated phenomenon likely to reflect genetic predisposition.

Etiological Spectrum with Diagnosis and Prognosis of Central Diabetes Insipidus needs Long Term Followup:A Single Centre Experience

Introduction:Central Diabetes insipidus(CDI)is a rare disorder caused by vasopressin deficiency characterized by the excretion of copious volumes of unconcentrated urine.Objective:To assess the etiological,clinical,biochemical and radiological spectrum of Central DI in our institute and long term follow up of these cases.Material and Methods:32 patients with Central DI admitted in Department of Endocrinology,Guwahati Medical College,Assam in the last 2.5 years were included.Detailed clinical assessment,biochemical evaluation and MRI(Magnetic Resonance imaging)brain were done in all the patients.Central DI without any identifiable cause was considered Idiopathic and those with structural lesion in hypothalamic pituitary region were considered organic.Result:Idiopathic CDI was present in 12(37.5%)patients and 20(62.5%)patients had organic CDI with acute onset of presentation.12(60%)patients with organic CDI present with neurological symptoms but 8(40%)patients had no neurological symptoms even with organic cause.Pituitary dysfunction was common in organic CDI as compared to idiopathic CDI.Paediatric patients commonly present with organic cause for CDI with low cortisol most common hormonal deficit.One patient of idiopathic CDI with normal stalk thickness at baseline presented with clinical and radiological features of LCH(Langerhans cell histiocytosis)on follow up.Conclusion:Organic CDI more likely to have acute onset of presentation than idiopathic CDI and even in absence of neurological features.Paediatric patients commonly have organic cause for CDI.We propose the paramount importance of long-term clinical follow-up and reassessment of endocrine function in patients with CDI for definitive diagnosis of autoimmune and inflammatory causes of idiopathic CDI and timely treatment of pituitary hypofunction.

Management of a Parturient with Preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Insipidus

HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets) is considered to be a variant or severe form of pre-eclampsia, a life threatening complication of pregnancy. Gestational Diabetes Insipidus (GDI) can coexist with severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. The combination of these two conditions presents a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist and the obstetric team, caring for this parturient. We present the case of a parturient with an unusual presentation of GDI, coexisting with severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. She had two days history of polyuria and polydipsia as well as lethargy and rapidly rising serum sodium in addition to acute renal failure without any neurologic symptoms. Expeditious delivery of the baby and supportive management is essential for optimal outcomes. She underwent a repeat Cesarean section under combined spinal epidural (CSE) anesthesia. This patient was discharged on postoperative day five after clinical resolution of her signs and symptoms.

Application Research on Community Nursing Practice Teaching Combined with Diabetes Health Management

Objective Discuss and reform community nursing practice teaching mode, and improve effects of community nursing teaching. Method Students are grouped into experimental group and control group randomly. Students in the experimental group manage individualized health of diabetes patients in the observation group, and students in the control group conduct group health education and management for diabetes patients, no individualized health management. Results Students in the two groups compare cognition about this course and community nursing before teaching, no remarkable difference (all P values are ? 0.05), and compare diabetes knowledge and living behaviors of the old in the two groups, no remarkable difference (all P values are ? 0.05). After teaching, students in the two groups compare recognition of this course and community nursing as well as test performance, and there are remarkable differences (all P values are ? 0.05). And comparison of diabetes knowledge and living behaviors of the old in the two groups shows remarkable differences (all P values are ? 0.05). The implementation of individualized health management mode in community nursing practice teaching can improve students' professional knowledge and competence, and help diabetes patients to form good behaviors and life styles. The combination of community nursing practice teaching and individualized health management for diabetes patients can improve students' professional knowledge and competence, and help diabetes patients to control illness state and improve their physical conditions.

Nursing Effect of Standardized Nursing Intervention in Endoscopic Examination of Patients with Gastric Ulcer Complicated with Diabetes

Objective:To explore the nursing effect of standardized nursing interventions in endoscopic examination of patients with gastric ulcer complicated with diabetes.Methods:90 patients with gastric ulcer complicated with diabetes who were treated in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups,each containing 45.The control group received routine nursing,and the observation group performed standardized nursing intervention on the basis of the control group.The control group received conventional nursing,and the observation group performed standardized nursing intervention on the basis of the control group.After nursing,the two groups of patients were compared for their psychological state and nursing satisfaction.Results:After nursing,the HAMD and HAMA scores of the two groups were lower than before the nursing,and the observation group was lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Standardized nursing intervention can alleviate the negative emotion of endoscopic examination of patients with gastric ulcer complicated with diabetes,which is conducive to the smooth progress of the examination.

Design of Presentation of Diabetes Mellitus in Nursing English

Presenting a teaching plan is an effective way to improve teachers’ability and teaching quality and thus it has become an efficient organizational form of teachers’training.In this paper,the author designed the presentation of Diabetes Mellitus in Nursing English from seven aspects:teaching aims、important points、difficult points、teaching approaches、learning methods direction、teaching process and teaching reflections,hoping that it can be served as an example and be helpful for ESP teaching.