Obesity and diabetes mellitus are common metabolic diseases prevalent worldwide.Mice are commonly used to study the pathogenesis of these two conditions.Obesity and diabetes mellitus are induced by administering a hig...Obesity and diabetes mellitus are common metabolic diseases prevalent worldwide.Mice are commonly used to study the pathogenesis of these two conditions.Obesity and diabetes mellitus are induced by administering a high-fat diet in many studies although other diet-induced models are also used.Several factors may influence the outcome of the studies done to study diet-induced obesity in mice.The immune system plays a crucial role in the susceptibility of mice to develop obesity and metabolic disease.In this article,the reasons for differences in susceptibility to develop obesity and diabetes mellitus in mice in response to high-fat-diet feeding and the influence of immunological bias of the mice strain used in studies are evaluated.Mice strains that induce proinflammatory and Th1-type immune responses are found to be susceptible to high-fat-diet-induced obesity.A few studies which directly compared the effect of a high-fat diet on obesity and diabetic phenotype in Th1-and Th2-biased mice strains were briefly analyzed.Based on the observations,it is proposed that the liver and adipose tissue may respond differently to high-fat-diet feeding regimens in Th1-and Th2-biased mice strains.For instance,in Th1-biased mice,adipose tissue fat content was high both in the baseline as well as in response to a high-fat diet whereas in the liver,it was found to be less.It can be inferred that the immune responses to diet-induced models may provide insights into the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, following cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and heart disease. It is triggered by hyperglycemia and other metabolic disorders. Diabetes is a complex end...Diabetes mellitus is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, following cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and heart disease. It is triggered by hyperglycemia and other metabolic disorders. Diabetes is a complex endocrine disease that causes chronic vascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and polyneuropathy.展开更多
Objective: To assess the effects of Xianzhen tablet (XZT) on Na+-K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ Mg2+-ATPase on erythrocytic membranes, viscosity of whole blood, plasma glucose and clinical manifestations.Methods: Seventy-two cas...Objective: To assess the effects of Xianzhen tablet (XZT) on Na+-K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ Mg2+-ATPase on erythrocytic membranes, viscosity of whole blood, plasma glucose and clinical manifestations.Methods: Seventy-two cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with deficiency of both Qi and Yin, deficiency of the Kidney and blood stasis were selected, and the effects of treatment on Na+ K + -ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase, whole blood viscosity, blood sugar and clinical Symptoms were observed.Results: In XZT group (test group), activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase rose significantly(P< 0. 01, P< 0. 05) after treatment. Viscosity of whole blood and clinical manifestations also improved obviously. The total effective rate in lowering plasma glucose was 77. 8 % with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 69.4 % with 2 hours postprandial plasma blood glucose (2°PBG). In the control group, viscosity of whole blood andclinical manifestations had no significant improvement. Its total effective rate in lowering plasma glucose was41. 7% with FBG and 38. 9% with 2°PBG. Conclusions: XZT played a certain role in increasing activities ofNa+ -K + -ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase, decreasing viscosity of whole blood and plasma glucose and improving clinical manifestations. Therefore, XZT was experimentally manifested as an effective drug in treating NIDDM patients with Qi-Yin deficiency, renal deficiency and blood stasis.展开更多
In order to confirm whether the mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and mRNA levels of AdipoR1 in the skeletal muscles were correlated with the serum parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and to clarify ...In order to confirm whether the mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and mRNA levels of AdipoR1 in the skeletal muscles were correlated with the serum parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and to clarify the regulation of adiponectin receptor gene expression in diabetic states, serum adiponectin, mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and mRNA levels of AdipoR1 in the skeletal muscles were examined in type 2 diabetic rats. The model of type 2 diabetes was prepared by feeding high fat diet and injecting low dosage of streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were screened out by oral glucose tolerance test. One group of type 2 diabetic rats received rosiglitazone. The serum adiponectin concentration was detected by using ELISA and mRNA levels were examined by RT-PCR. The serum adiponectin levels and mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats were significantly decreased as compared with the normal control rats (P<0.05, P<0.01 respectively). No siglificant changes were observed in the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. The mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue were reversely correlated with serum insulin (r=-0.66, P<0.05), triglyceride (r=-0.58, P<0.05), cholesterol (r=-0.49, P<0.05), interleukin-6 (r=-0.49, P<0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (r=-0.43, P<0.05). The expression of adiponectin receptors was not altered in the skeletal muscle of Type 2 diabetic rats. The decreased serum adiponectin was caused by the decreased expression of adiponectin mRNA in adipose tissue rather than the adiponectin receptors in the skeletal muscle, which could be improved by rosiglitazone.展开更多
Background: To study the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of the fenugreek extracts in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic(T2 DM) mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD).Methods: We established C57 BL/6 J mice model ...Background: To study the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of the fenugreek extracts in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic(T2 DM) mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD).Methods: We established C57 BL/6 J mice model of T2 DM using HFD-fed and STZinduced method. Then, the mice were administered with two types of fenugreek extracts(E1, flavonoid and E2, stilbene glycoside) for 4 weeks and the effects on fasting blood glucose(FBG), weight, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA), and pathological indexes were investigated.Results: Administration of fenugreek extracts decreased the FBG level compared with that of the model group. Comparatively, the high-dose E2 decreased the FBG more significantly than the other treatments did. Both extracts showed an obvious antioxidant effect by increasing serum SOD and CAT activities and decreasing the MDA content. Furthermore, the high-dose E1 showed a significant difference(P <.01) compared with the model group in the three investigated indexes.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that both the flavonoid and stilbene glycoside extracts of fenugreek improved the hyperglycemia in the T2 DM mice model. Moreover, the antidiabetic effects of both extracts might be due to their antioxidant activity in vivo.展开更多
文摘Obesity and diabetes mellitus are common metabolic diseases prevalent worldwide.Mice are commonly used to study the pathogenesis of these two conditions.Obesity and diabetes mellitus are induced by administering a high-fat diet in many studies although other diet-induced models are also used.Several factors may influence the outcome of the studies done to study diet-induced obesity in mice.The immune system plays a crucial role in the susceptibility of mice to develop obesity and metabolic disease.In this article,the reasons for differences in susceptibility to develop obesity and diabetes mellitus in mice in response to high-fat-diet feeding and the influence of immunological bias of the mice strain used in studies are evaluated.Mice strains that induce proinflammatory and Th1-type immune responses are found to be susceptible to high-fat-diet-induced obesity.A few studies which directly compared the effect of a high-fat diet on obesity and diabetic phenotype in Th1-and Th2-biased mice strains were briefly analyzed.Based on the observations,it is proposed that the liver and adipose tissue may respond differently to high-fat-diet feeding regimens in Th1-and Th2-biased mice strains.For instance,in Th1-biased mice,adipose tissue fat content was high both in the baseline as well as in response to a high-fat diet whereas in the liver,it was found to be less.It can be inferred that the immune responses to diet-induced models may provide insights into the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, following cancer, cerebrovascular disease, and heart disease. It is triggered by hyperglycemia and other metabolic disorders. Diabetes is a complex endocrine disease that causes chronic vascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and polyneuropathy.
文摘Objective: To assess the effects of Xianzhen tablet (XZT) on Na+-K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ Mg2+-ATPase on erythrocytic membranes, viscosity of whole blood, plasma glucose and clinical manifestations.Methods: Seventy-two cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with deficiency of both Qi and Yin, deficiency of the Kidney and blood stasis were selected, and the effects of treatment on Na+ K + -ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase, whole blood viscosity, blood sugar and clinical Symptoms were observed.Results: In XZT group (test group), activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase rose significantly(P< 0. 01, P< 0. 05) after treatment. Viscosity of whole blood and clinical manifestations also improved obviously. The total effective rate in lowering plasma glucose was 77. 8 % with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 69.4 % with 2 hours postprandial plasma blood glucose (2°PBG). In the control group, viscosity of whole blood andclinical manifestations had no significant improvement. Its total effective rate in lowering plasma glucose was41. 7% with FBG and 38. 9% with 2°PBG. Conclusions: XZT played a certain role in increasing activities ofNa+ -K + -ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase, decreasing viscosity of whole blood and plasma glucose and improving clinical manifestations. Therefore, XZT was experimentally manifested as an effective drug in treating NIDDM patients with Qi-Yin deficiency, renal deficiency and blood stasis.
文摘In order to confirm whether the mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and mRNA levels of AdipoR1 in the skeletal muscles were correlated with the serum parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and to clarify the regulation of adiponectin receptor gene expression in diabetic states, serum adiponectin, mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and mRNA levels of AdipoR1 in the skeletal muscles were examined in type 2 diabetic rats. The model of type 2 diabetes was prepared by feeding high fat diet and injecting low dosage of streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were screened out by oral glucose tolerance test. One group of type 2 diabetic rats received rosiglitazone. The serum adiponectin concentration was detected by using ELISA and mRNA levels were examined by RT-PCR. The serum adiponectin levels and mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats were significantly decreased as compared with the normal control rats (P<0.05, P<0.01 respectively). No siglificant changes were observed in the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. The mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue were reversely correlated with serum insulin (r=-0.66, P<0.05), triglyceride (r=-0.58, P<0.05), cholesterol (r=-0.49, P<0.05), interleukin-6 (r=-0.49, P<0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (r=-0.43, P<0.05). The expression of adiponectin receptors was not altered in the skeletal muscle of Type 2 diabetic rats. The decreased serum adiponectin was caused by the decreased expression of adiponectin mRNA in adipose tissue rather than the adiponectin receptors in the skeletal muscle, which could be improved by rosiglitazone.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:31470426Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Grant/Award Number:2016-KF-05+2 种基金Qinghai Provincial Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2016-ZJ-01,2016-ZJ-929QTaishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,Grant/Award Number:tshw201502046Shandong Provincial Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:ZR2017MH024
文摘Background: To study the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of the fenugreek extracts in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic(T2 DM) mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD).Methods: We established C57 BL/6 J mice model of T2 DM using HFD-fed and STZinduced method. Then, the mice were administered with two types of fenugreek extracts(E1, flavonoid and E2, stilbene glycoside) for 4 weeks and the effects on fasting blood glucose(FBG), weight, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA), and pathological indexes were investigated.Results: Administration of fenugreek extracts decreased the FBG level compared with that of the model group. Comparatively, the high-dose E2 decreased the FBG more significantly than the other treatments did. Both extracts showed an obvious antioxidant effect by increasing serum SOD and CAT activities and decreasing the MDA content. Furthermore, the high-dose E1 showed a significant difference(P <.01) compared with the model group in the three investigated indexes.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that both the flavonoid and stilbene glycoside extracts of fenugreek improved the hyperglycemia in the T2 DM mice model. Moreover, the antidiabetic effects of both extracts might be due to their antioxidant activity in vivo.
