Emblica officinalis improves glycemic status and oxidative stress in STZ induced type 2 diabetic model rats

Objective:To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Emblica officinalis(E.officinalis)fruit on normal and type 2 diabetic rats.Methods:Type 2 diabetes was induced into the male Long-Evans rats.The rats were divided into nine groups including control groups receiving water,type 2 diabetic controls,type 2 diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide(T2GT)and type 2diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of fruit pulp of E.officinalis.They were fed orally for8 weeks with a single feeding.Blood was collected by cutting the tail tip on 0 and 28 days and by decapitation on 56 day.Packed red blood cells and serum were used for evaluating different biochemical parameters.Results:Four weeks administration of aqueous extract of E.officinalis improved oral glucose tolerance in type 2 rats and after 8 weeks it caused significant(P<0.007)reduction in fasting serum glucose level compared to 0 day.Triglycerides decreased by 14%but there was no significant change in serum ALT,creatinine,cholesterol and insulin level in any group.Furthermore,reduced erythrocyte malondialdehyde level showed no significant change(P<0.07)but reduced glutathione content was found to be increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:The aqueous extract of E.officinalis has a promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties and may be considered for further clinical studies in drug development.

CHANGES OF NAILFOLD MICROCIRCULATION IN PATIENTS OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Objective. To study the changes of microcirculation in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR). Methods. Examination were performed in 153 cases of type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus, among them, 72 cases were male, 81 cases were female, mean age 57.0±10.0 years, mean disease course 8.2±7.5 years. All cases were examined fundi by ophthalmologist, urinary albumin excretion rate (UAE) in 24 hours was measured by radioimmunoassay. Moreover, we examined the blood glucose, blood pressure, blood viscosity and observed the changes of naifold microcirculation. Results.It was found that there were more evident disturbance of microcirculation, markedly slowed velocity of blood flow(P<0.05), significantly increased aggregation of blood cells(P<0.05) and exudation around the loop(P<0.05) in the group with DR, compared with the group without DR. Conclusion. It was more evident disturbance of nailfold microcirculation in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Gene Expression of Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptor 1 in Type 2 Diabetic Rats and the Relationship with the Parameters of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

In order to confirm whether the mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and mRNA levels of AdipoR1 in the skeletal muscles were correlated with the serum parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and to clarify the regulation of adiponectin receptor gene expression in diabetic states, serum adiponectin, mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue and mRNA levels of AdipoR1 in the skeletal muscles were examined in type 2 diabetic rats. The model of type 2 diabetes was prepared by feeding high fat diet and injecting low dosage of streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats were screened out by oral glucose tolerance test. One group of type 2 diabetic rats received rosiglitazone. The serum adiponectin concentration was detected by using ELISA and mRNA levels were examined by RT-PCR. The serum adiponectin levels and mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic rats were significantly decreased as compared with the normal control rats (P<0.05, P<0.01 respectively). No siglificant changes were observed in the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats. The mRNA levels of adiponectin in adipose tissue were reversely correlated with serum insulin (r=-0.66, P<0.05), triglyceride (r=-0.58, P<0.05), cholesterol (r=-0.49, P<0.05), interleukin-6 (r=-0.49, P<0.05) and tumor necrosis factor (r=-0.43, P<0.05). The expression of adiponectin receptors was not altered in the skeletal muscle of Type 2 diabetic rats. The decreased serum adiponectin was caused by the decreased expression of adiponectin mRNA in adipose tissue rather than the adiponectin receptors in the skeletal muscle, which could be improved by rosiglitazone.

A Study of Factors Related to the Incidence of Cataract in Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Purpose: To investigate the factors related to the development of cataract in patientswith non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM).Methods: 792 NIDDM patients received ophthalmologic examinations including visualacuity, external status of the eyes, slit lamp microscopy and ophthalmoscopy. Glucose,urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), urine acid (UA), N-acetyl-β2-D-glucosaminidase(NAG), β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) and serum albumin in blood were quantitativelytested. Glucose, pH value, protein, cells, cast and ketobodies in urine were assayed.Diagnosis of cataract was based on lens opacities classification system Ⅱ. Any patientmeeting "NⅡ", "CⅡ" or "PⅡ" level was diagnosed as cataract.Results: The incidence of cataract in this group of NIDDM was 62.37 % (494/792),which significantly related to the duration of the disease course, but not to the sex of thepatient. The occurrence rate of cataract in patients suffering from NIDDM of less thanfive years duration, from five to ten years, and more than ten years was 49.67 % (228/459), 71.84 % (125/174), and 88.68 % (141/159), respectively. The occurrence ofcataract in patients diagnosed of the disease from five to ten years and more than tenyears was much higher than that of those with the course of the disease less than fiveyears( P ＜ 0.05 and P ＜ 0. 001, respectively) . Rising concentrations of blood ureanitrogen, creatinine, glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c(G-HbA1c), N-acetyl-β2-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) and β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) indicated malfunction of thekidneys, and the rate of cataract occurrence in these patients was higher.Conclusion: This study indicates that prolongation of the duration of non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction, as well as poor blood glucose control,may accelerate the development of cataract.

The relationship between obese protein and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

To explore the role of obese protein (OP), the product of the obese gene, in the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Metbods: Plasma obese protein level was measured by radioimmunoassay in 21 normal subjects, 24 adult obese patients and 20 patients with NIDDM. Results: The levels of the plasma obese protein in NIDDM patients (81. 0±17. 5 pg/ml) were very significantly lower than those in normal subjects (194. 3±17. 7 pg/ml) and obese patients (109.1±16. 4 pg/ml ) (P<0.01). The levels of the plasma obese protein in non-obese NIDDM patients were very significantly lower than those in non-obese normal subjects (P<0.01), and the levels of the plasma obese protein in obese NIDDM patients were very significantly lower than those in obese patients (P<0. 01). The leve1s of the plasma obese protein in NIDDM patients were significantly correlated with polyphagia (P<0.05), but not correlated with the body weight indexes after strict dieting, and the plasma levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, hemoglobiti A, and the insulin levels during glucose tolerance test (P>0.05). Couclusion: Low plasma level of obese protein is one of the important factors contributing to obesity,and plasma obese protein may be closely related to the generation of NIDDM.

Relationship between angiotensinogen gene M235 Tvariant with diabeticnephropathy in Chinese N I D D M

Objective To investigate whether angiotensinogen (AGT) gene M235T variant is associated with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus without nephropathy (DN -), and diabetic nephropathy (DN +) in Chinese non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Methods The subjects in DN + group, DN - group and control group were well matched with sex, age and duration of disease, and the two case groups were divided into two subgroups as with and without hypertension respectively The M235T polymorphism of AGT gene of 84 cases with DN -, 96 patients with DN + and 98 controls were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the region of the variant, i e M235T polymorphism Results The increased frequencies of T allele (0 82) and TT genotype (0 70) were observed in 96 subjects with DN + as compared with 98 control subjects (0 63 and 0 43, respectively, P =0 003, P =0 0004) The odds ratio associated with TT genotype was 3 47 (95%CI: 1 51-7 94; P =0 0033) for diabetic nephropathy in analysis adjusted for several risk factors of diabetic nephropathy, such as body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein Subgroup analysis of the 67 patients in DN + group with hypertension revealed similar distributions of M235T genotypes and alleles to those in the DN + without hypertension subgroup There was no difference in allele and genotype distribution between 84 DN - patients and the controls Similarly, frequencies of the AGT M235T genotype and allele were not different between two DN - subgroups Conclusions AGT gene M235T polymorphism is associated with diabetic nephropathy in NIDDM TT genotype of the AGT gene might be an independent risk factor of diabetic nephropathy in Chinese NIDDM patients

Clinical Observation on Diabetic Nephropathy Treated with Alcohol Extraction of Flos Abelmoschus Manihot

Sixty-eight cases of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus complicated with Nephropathywere randomly divided into two groups : the treated group, 35 cases treated with alcohol extraction of Flos A-belmoschus manihot, Gliclazide and Captopril Tablets; and the control group, 33 cases treated with Gli-clazide and Captopril Tablets, over a period of 8 weeks. The total effective rate in the treated and controlgroup were 83.87% and 31.03% respectively (P< 0 . 01 ) , urinary micro-albumin were 31 . 7 and 76.3mg/L(P < 0. 05) , proteinuria were 0. 41 and 0 . 77g/24hr ( P < 0. 01 ) , blood 2-microglobulin were 3317. 8 and3473. 1 hg/ml ( P < 0. 05) , urinary 2-microglobulin were 367. 2 and 641 . 5ng/ml ( P < 0. 01 ) , urinary N-acetyl- -glucosaminidase (NAG) were 26. 3 and 66. 7u/L ( P < 0. 01 ) , plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) were6. 13 and 8. 78 nmol/L ( P<0. 05) , and plasma superoxide anion were 8. 36 and 10. 42 kcpm respectively( P< 0. 05) . It was suggested that alcohol extraction of Abelmoschus manihot could eliminate oxygen freeradicals, alleviate renal tubular-interstitial diseases, improve renal function, and reduce proteinuria.

糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变及其SnoN蛋白表达的变化

目的:复制2型糖尿病动物模型,并观察其肾脏病变及SnoN蛋白表达的变化。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC)、高脂高糖组(HG)。高脂、高糖饮食12周后又随机分为高脂高糖对照组(HC)、糖尿病组(DM)。采用高脂、高糖饮食12周加小剂量链脲佐菌素注射(30 mg/kg)的方法复制2型糖尿病动物模型,成模大鼠随机分别于糖尿病8周(DM8)、12周(DM12)和16周(DM16)处死;Western印迹法检测肾皮质SnoN蛋白的水平;生物化学方法测血糖、血清胰岛素水平、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、血肌酐及24 h尿蛋白;光镜检查肾组织形态学改变。结果:DM组大鼠出现高血糖、高血脂、肾功能和肾组织形态学改变;HG组血清胰岛素水平、甘油三酯和总胆固醇明显升高,血糖与NC组相比差异无统计学意义;Western印迹检测发现DM8组肾组织中SnoN蛋白的表达明显低于NC组,且随病程进展逐渐减少,至DM16时减至NC组的64.20%。结论:成功复制了2型糖尿病动物模型;SnoN蛋白的表达变化可能参与了2型糖尿病肾脏病变的发生、发展过程。

Prevalences of Diabetes and Hypertension and Their Relationship in Community Population of Jiangsu Province

To determine the prevalences of non-insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (NIDDM),impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and hypertension on urban and rural communities of Jiangsu province,8734 subjects sampled from six areas of Jiangsu were investigated. Blood glucose of 2 h after oral administration of 75 g glucose (2 h BG) was measured. WHO criteria were used for the diagnosis of NIDDMand IGT. Meanwhile epidemiological data were collected. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist and hip girths were measured. The crude prevalence was found to be 5. 82% (men 4.62%,woman 6. 69%) for NIDDM, 5. 87% (men 5. 30%, women 6. 29% ) for IGT and 14. 72% (men 16. 50%, women 13. 43 % ) for hypertension in the population obove 20 years of age. Age-adjusted prevalence was 4. 63% for NIDDM, 5. 07 % for IGT and 11. 19% for hypertension. Age increase (>40 years), obesity (BMI≥27) and central fat distribution (WHR≥0.88) were the risk factors for both diabetes and hypertension. The subjects≥40 years of age and obesity were the high risk population of NIDDM, IGT and hypertension. They were the target population for theprevention and treatment of diabetes and hypertension in the community level. High prevalences of NIDDM,IGT and hypertension were observed in the community population in Jiangsu province. To reinforce the prevention and treatment of these disorders in the province is imperative.

Effects of Supplemented Taohe Chengqi Decoction (桃核承气汤) in Treating Insulin Resistance in Rats with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To investigate the effect of supplemented Taohe Chengqi Decoction (桃核承气汤,STHCQD) in treating non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Methods: The model of rats withNIDDM was formed with injection of streptozotocin and fed on high calorie diet to study the effects of STHCQDon the release of insulin sensitivity. Results: (l ) Fasting serum glucose, serum insulin, intake of food and waterwere significantly decreased (P < 0. 05 -- 0. 01 ) in STHCQD-treated diabetic rats as compared with untreated diabetic rats, while the insulin sensitivity was significantly increased (P < 0. 05 ). (2) The liver cell membranesfrom STHCQD-treated diabetic rats released the quantity of insulin receptor which inhibited adenylate cyclaseactivity, but this effect was blunted in untreated diabetic rats (P < 0. 05). (3) A significantly increased glucoseoxidation in adipocyte of STHCQD-treated diabetic rats was found as compared with those of untreated diabeticrats (P< 0. 05). Conclusions: STHCQD therapy Increased sensitivity and responsiveness of target cells to insulin, i. e. it might decrease insulin resistance at receptor sites and POst--receptor sites in rats with NIDDM, butcould not.reverse the insulin resistance.

Therapeutic Effect of Berberine on 60 Patients with Non－Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Experimental Research

The effects of berberine on 60 cases with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus and ex-perimental research results were observed in this study. The results suggest berberine has significant ef-fects on noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients and experimental diabetes in animals in the re-duction of blood glucose levels. The clinical symptoms basically disappeared and the level of serum insulinrose. The total effective rate was up to 90 percent and there were no signiticant side-effects. It was foundthat berberine has an effect on the recovery of pancreas islet cells, through pathological examination onthe animal subjects.

Clinical Study on Jiang Tang San（降糖散）in Treating Non－Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patiente

The therapeutic effect of Jiang Tang San (JTS) on 30 cases with non-insulin dependent dia-betes mellitus (NIDDM) , was observed, whose fasting blood glucose ranged trom 11. 1 mmol/L to 13. 8mmol/L. The results suggested that JTS has significant effect on NIDDM patients in lowering blood glucose,blood lipid and blood pressure levels. Clinical symptoms and blood glucose improved rapidly. JTS promotedthe elevation of serum insulin level 1 hour after meal. The total effective rate of lowering blood glucosereached 86. 7% . The results showed JTS is better than berberine on lowering blood glucose ( P< 0. 01 ) andwhen patients failed to respond to other hypoglycemics or on recurrence JTS was still effective. There wereno marked side-effects during the course of treatment.

Association Studies of 3 Candidate Genes with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Chinese Population

Objectives To explore the relationship between the polymorphisms of the selected short tandem repeats (STRs) of the candidate genes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in a Chinese population,the role of genetic and environmental factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. Methods STRs including D11S916 of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene,binucleotide repeat (CA)n within intron 6 [HSLi6(CA)] of hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL)gene and D20S501 of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B)gene polymorphisms were detected, by poiymerase chain reaction(PCR) ,poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining in 106 patients with type 2 DM and 102 control subjects. Results The allele distribution of UCP3 and HSL gene differed significantly between patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects (X2 = 26. 12,P<0. 005; X2 = 10. 33,P<0. 005,respectively). For UCP3 and HSL gene,the frequencies of alleles A6,A7,A8 and allele B9 were much higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0. 090 vs 0. 020,P<0. 005; 0. 109 vs 0. 015,P <0. 005; 0. 033 vs 0. 000,P<0. 05; 0. 033 vs 0. 005,P<0. 05,respectively),while the frequencies of allele A1 and allele B5 were lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0. 090 vs 0. 206,P<0. 005; 0. 057 vs 0. 118,P<0. 05,respectively). At D20S501 locus,The allele distribution of PTP-1B gene had no significant difference in two groups (X2 = 3. 77, P>0. 05). Multi-variate logistic regression analysis showed positive correlation between alleles A6,A7 of UCP3 gene,systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) and type 2 diabetes. Conclusion Our data show that D11S916 of UCP3 gene and HSLi6(CA) of HSL gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese suggesting that UCP3 and HSL might represent susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes. D20S501 of PTP-IB gem polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese. Alleles A6, A7 of UCP3 gene, systolic blood pressure, apolipoprotein B,Upoprotein (a) may play some role in the development of type 2 diabetes.

Effects of Xianzhen Tablet（仙贞片）on Na^+-K^+-ATPase and Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATPase in Erythrocytic Membranes and Viscosity of Whole Blood in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Patients with Qi-Yin Deficiency, Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis

Objective: To assess the effects of Xianzhen tablet (XZT) on Na+-K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ Mg2+-ATPase on erythrocytic membranes, viscosity of whole blood, plasma glucose and clinical manifestations.Methods: Seventy-two cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with deficiency of both Qi and Yin, deficiency of the Kidney and blood stasis were selected, and the effects of treatment on Na+ K + -ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase, whole blood viscosity, blood sugar and clinical Symptoms were observed.Results: In XZT group (test group), activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase rose significantly(P< 0. 01, P< 0. 05) after treatment. Viscosity of whole blood and clinical manifestations also improved obviously. The total effective rate in lowering plasma glucose was 77. 8 % with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 69.4 % with 2 hours postprandial plasma blood glucose (2°PBG). In the control group, viscosity of whole blood andclinical manifestations had no significant improvement. Its total effective rate in lowering plasma glucose was41. 7% with FBG and 38. 9% with 2°PBG. Conclusions: XZT played a certain role in increasing activities ofNa+ -K + -ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+ -ATPase, decreasing viscosity of whole blood and plasma glucose and improving clinical manifestations. Therefore, XZT was experimentally manifested as an effective drug in treating NIDDM patients with Qi-Yin deficiency, renal deficiency and blood stasis.

长期高脂饮食加小剂量链脲佐霉素建立人类普通2型糖尿病大鼠模型的研究

目的 建立类似人类普通 2型糖尿病大鼠模型。方法 采用长期高脂高能量饮食结合小剂量链脲佐霉素 (STZ)腹腔注射的方法。结果 模型大鼠有高血糖 (18 78± 1 97)mmol L、高甘油三酯血症 (10 95 4± 5 5 4 )mmol L、高胆固醇血症 (2 4 4 2± 0 74 )mmol L、脂肪肝、高胰岛素血症 (0 937± 0 2 6 )mmol L、胰岛素敏感性下降及不低于正常对照组的体重。结论 这是一种类似人普通

实验性NIDDM大鼠模型及其胰岛素抵抗的初步研究

采用中剂量链脲佐菌素（３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｑｄ×３）腹腔内注射及肥甘饮食持续喂养１０周的方法，模拟实验性ＮＩＤＤＭ大鼠模型，观察到该模型不仅有多饮、多食、多尿、超重、高血糖、高血脂的特点，而且还有高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗的特征，其胰岛素抵抗表现为相对胰岛素敏感性、基础的和胰岛素刺激的脂肪细胞葡萄糖氧化能力显著降低。研究结果提示，该模型具有Ⅱ型糖尿病的临床特点和病理特征，尤其是存在受体和受体后缺陷所致胰岛素抵抗的特征，是实验研究中医药对胰岛素抵抗的影响的较好载体。

加味桃核承气汤对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的：观察加味桃核承气汤对Ⅱ型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）的影响。方法：采用链脲佐菌素和高热量饲料的方法模拟ＮＩＤＤＭ大鼠模型，研究加味桃核承气汤对ＮＩＤＤＭ大鼠肝细胞膜胰岛素介体释放、脂肪细胞葡萄糖氧化和胰岛素敏感性指数的影响。结果：加味桃核承气汤可明显降低空腹血糖、胰岛素、摄食量和饮水量（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），提高胰岛素敏感性（Ｐ＜０．０５），增加肝细胞膜释放的抑制腺苷酸环化酶活力的胰岛素介体量（Ｐ＜０．０５），提高基础的和胰岛素刺激的大鼠脂肪细胞葡萄糖氧化能力（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：加味桃核承气汤治疗可提高ＮＩＤＤＭ大鼠靶细胞对胰岛素的敏感性和反应性，即可使受体和受体后胰岛素抵抗减轻，但不能使之完全逆转。

前列地尔对非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病病人胰岛素及血小板聚集率的影响

目的：探讨前列地尔对非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）病人胰岛素及血小板聚集率的影响。方法：应用前列地尔２００μｇ加入０．９％氯化钠注射液５００ｍＬ中静脉滴注，ｑｄ×１０ｄ，治疗５０例ＮＩＤＤＭ病人（男性２３例，女性２７例，年龄５８±ｓ１０ａ）。治疗前后测定空腹胰岛素、餐后２ｈ胰岛素及血小板聚集率。结果：前列地尔刺激胰岛素分泌增加和降低血小板聚集率。治疗后的餐后２ｈ胰岛素显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），血小板聚集率显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：前列地尔增加ＮＩＤＤＭ病人的胰岛素分泌。

针刺对2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗影响的临床研究

目的 :观察针刺和降糖药对 2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法 :观察组 60例 ,以针刺治疗 ,取穴中脘、曲池、合谷、足三里等。对照组 60例 ,以常规降糖药物口服优降糖治疗。结果 :两组血、尿糖水平明显下降 ,胰岛素敏感指数明显升高 ,外周组织对葡萄糖的摄取率显著增加。两组相比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论 :针刺能使

实验性NIDDM大鼠的胰岛素抗性

采用放射免疫分析及放射配基受体分析,观察实验性NIDDM大鼠血清胰岛素、红细胞中cAMP以及红细胞胰岛素受体最大结合力。结果表明链脲霉素与高热量饲料诱发的NIDDM大鼠有明显的胰岛素抗性,即在高胰岛素水平(25.29±8.34μU/ml,P<0.001)的同时伴有明显的糖耐量减低(P<0.001)及高脂血症(血清甘油三脂2.15±0.66mmol/L,P<0.001;血清胆固醇2.82±0.44mmol/L,P<0.001)。实验还进一步表明这种胰岛素抗性与红细胞胰岛素受体最大结合力的降低(693.51±149.55cpm/10~5红细胞,P<0.001)一致。据此推测胰岛素受体结合力的降低可能是NIDDM胰岛素抗性的主要原因。