This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while...This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while FV2 consists of two cells (FV2a and FV2b), each designed to reduce various physicochemical and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Quantitative analyses show significant reductions in electrical conductivity (from 1331 to 1061 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 655.6 to 2.3 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD from 1240 to 82.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (from 188 to 37.3 mg/L), and phosphates (from 70.9 to 14.6 mg/L). Notably, FV2 outperforms FV1, particularly in decreasing dissolved salts and BOD5 to remarkably low levels. Microbiological assessments reveal a substantial reduction in fecal coliforms, from an initial concentration of 7.5 log CFU/100mL to 3.7 log CFU/100mL, and a complete elimination of helminth eggs, achieving a 100% reduction rate in FV2. The study highlights the impact of design parameters, such as filter material, media depth, and plant species selection, on treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that the judicious choice of these components is critical for optimizing pollutant removal. For instance, different filtration materials show varying efficacies, with silex plus river gravel in FV1c achieving superior pollutant reduction rates. In conclusion, VFFs emerge as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, underscoring the importance of design optimization to enhance system efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of treatment practices are imperative to ensure water quality, allowing for safe environmental discharge or water reuse. The research advocates for ongoing improvements in wastewater treatment technologies, considering the environmental challenges of the current era. The study concludes with a call for further research to maximize the effectiveness of VFFs in water management.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. The treatment of HCC is complex and complicated by the severity of associated chronic liver disease, the stage of HCC, and the clinical condit...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. The treatment of HCC is complex and complicated by the severity of associated chronic liver disease, the stage of HCC, and the clinical condition of the patient. Liver resection(LR) is one of the most efficient treatments for patients with HCC, with an expected 5-year survival of 38%-61% depending on the stage of the disease. Improved liver function assessment, increased understanding of segmental liver anatomy from advanced imaging studies, and surgical technical progress are important factors that have led to reduced mortality in patients with HCC. The indication for LR may be expanded due to emerging evidences from laparoscopic hepatectomies and combined treatments with newly developed chemotherapies. Liver transplantation(LT) is considered as an ideal treatment for removal of existing tumors and the injured/preneoplastic underlying liver tissue with impaired liver function and the risk of multicentric carcinogenesis that results from chronically injured liver. However, LT is restricted to patients with minimal risk of tumor recurrence under immunosuppression. The expansion of criteria for LT in HCC patients is still under trial and discussion. Limited availability of grafts, as well as the risk and the cost of transplantation have led to considerable interest in expansion of the donor pool, living donor-related transplantation, and combined treatment involving LR and LT. This highlight presents evidence concerning recent studies evaluating LR and LT in HCC patients. In addition, alternative therapies for the treatment of early stage tumors and the management of patients on transplant waiting lists are discussed.展开更多
The 08 Al steel sheets were hot dip ped into Zn - Mn bath with 0 1 % Mn and 0 2 % Mn at600 ～420 ℃ bath tem perature , and then w ere treated in different w ays . The after - treat ments include cooling in t...The 08 Al steel sheets were hot dip ped into Zn - Mn bath with 0 1 % Mn and 0 2 % Mn at600 ～420 ℃ bath tem perature , and then w ere treated in different w ays . The after - treat ments include cooling in the air at room tem perature directly , holding at the upper part of thehot dip galvanizing furnace for 60 s an d then holding at 510 ±10 ℃for 90 s . The results in dicated that blue , yellow , and purple , w hose coloration varied with the co m position an d thetem perature of bath and the w ays of after - treat ment . Finally , the mechanism of coloredzinc coating w as discussed .展开更多
AIM:To represent our clinical experience in the treatment of intestinal perforation arising from typhoid fever.METHODS:The records of 22 surgically-treated patients with typhoid intestinal perforation were evaluated r...AIM:To represent our clinical experience in the treatment of intestinal perforation arising from typhoid fever.METHODS:The records of 22 surgically-treated patients with typhoid intestinal perforation were evaluated retrospectively.RESULTS:There were 18 males and 4 females,mean age 37 years(range,8-64 years).Presenting symptoms were fever,abdominal pain,diarrhea or constipation.Sixteen cases were subjected to segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis,while 3 cases received 2-layered primary repair following debridement,one case with multiple perforations received 2-layered primary repair and end ileostomy,one case received segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis followed by an end ileostomy,and one case received segmental resection and end ileostomy with mucous fistula operation.Postoperative morbidity was seen in 5 cases and mortality was found in one case.CONCLUSION:Intestinal perforation resulting from Salmonella typhi is an important health problem in Eastern and Southeastern Turkey.In management of this illness,early and appropriate surgical intervention is vital.展开更多
A 67-year-old female presented with a primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor that was detected by computed tomography and diagnosed based on histopathological and genetic analyses.The tumor was microscopically...A 67-year-old female presented with a primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor that was detected by computed tomography and diagnosed based on histopathological and genetic analyses.The tumor was microscopically composed of spindle cells and epithelioid cells,and immunohistochemistry results showed positive staining for CD117 and CD34expression.A genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous point mutation and deletion in exon 11 of c-KIT.After an R0 resection,imatinib mesylate was administered for 1 year until its use was discontinued due to severe side effects.Two years after the original operation,the tumor recurred in the residual liver and was completely resected again.Imatinib mesylate was administered for 2 years until it was replaced by sunitinib malate because of disease progression.The patient has survived for 53 mo after undergoing a sequential therapy consisting of surgical excision,imatinib and sunitinib.展开更多
文摘This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while FV2 consists of two cells (FV2a and FV2b), each designed to reduce various physicochemical and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Quantitative analyses show significant reductions in electrical conductivity (from 1331 to 1061 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 655.6 to 2.3 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD from 1240 to 82.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (from 188 to 37.3 mg/L), and phosphates (from 70.9 to 14.6 mg/L). Notably, FV2 outperforms FV1, particularly in decreasing dissolved salts and BOD5 to remarkably low levels. Microbiological assessments reveal a substantial reduction in fecal coliforms, from an initial concentration of 7.5 log CFU/100mL to 3.7 log CFU/100mL, and a complete elimination of helminth eggs, achieving a 100% reduction rate in FV2. The study highlights the impact of design parameters, such as filter material, media depth, and plant species selection, on treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that the judicious choice of these components is critical for optimizing pollutant removal. For instance, different filtration materials show varying efficacies, with silex plus river gravel in FV1c achieving superior pollutant reduction rates. In conclusion, VFFs emerge as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, underscoring the importance of design optimization to enhance system efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of treatment practices are imperative to ensure water quality, allowing for safe environmental discharge or water reuse. The research advocates for ongoing improvements in wastewater treatment technologies, considering the environmental challenges of the current era. The study concludes with a call for further research to maximize the effectiveness of VFFs in water management.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. The treatment of HCC is complex and complicated by the severity of associated chronic liver disease, the stage of HCC, and the clinical condition of the patient. Liver resection(LR) is one of the most efficient treatments for patients with HCC, with an expected 5-year survival of 38%-61% depending on the stage of the disease. Improved liver function assessment, increased understanding of segmental liver anatomy from advanced imaging studies, and surgical technical progress are important factors that have led to reduced mortality in patients with HCC. The indication for LR may be expanded due to emerging evidences from laparoscopic hepatectomies and combined treatments with newly developed chemotherapies. Liver transplantation(LT) is considered as an ideal treatment for removal of existing tumors and the injured/preneoplastic underlying liver tissue with impaired liver function and the risk of multicentric carcinogenesis that results from chronically injured liver. However, LT is restricted to patients with minimal risk of tumor recurrence under immunosuppression. The expansion of criteria for LT in HCC patients is still under trial and discussion. Limited availability of grafts, as well as the risk and the cost of transplantation have led to considerable interest in expansion of the donor pool, living donor-related transplantation, and combined treatment involving LR and LT. This highlight presents evidence concerning recent studies evaluating LR and LT in HCC patients. In addition, alternative therapies for the treatment of early stage tumors and the management of patients on transplant waiting lists are discussed.
文摘The 08 Al steel sheets were hot dip ped into Zn - Mn bath with 0 1 % Mn and 0 2 % Mn at600 ～420 ℃ bath tem perature , and then w ere treated in different w ays . The after - treat ments include cooling in the air at room tem perature directly , holding at the upper part of thehot dip galvanizing furnace for 60 s an d then holding at 510 ±10 ℃for 90 s . The results in dicated that blue , yellow , and purple , w hose coloration varied with the co m position an d thetem perature of bath and the w ays of after - treat ment . Finally , the mechanism of coloredzinc coating w as discussed .
文摘AIM:To represent our clinical experience in the treatment of intestinal perforation arising from typhoid fever.METHODS:The records of 22 surgically-treated patients with typhoid intestinal perforation were evaluated retrospectively.RESULTS:There were 18 males and 4 females,mean age 37 years(range,8-64 years).Presenting symptoms were fever,abdominal pain,diarrhea or constipation.Sixteen cases were subjected to segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis,while 3 cases received 2-layered primary repair following debridement,one case with multiple perforations received 2-layered primary repair and end ileostomy,one case received segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis followed by an end ileostomy,and one case received segmental resection and end ileostomy with mucous fistula operation.Postoperative morbidity was seen in 5 cases and mortality was found in one case.CONCLUSION:Intestinal perforation resulting from Salmonella typhi is an important health problem in Eastern and Southeastern Turkey.In management of this illness,early and appropriate surgical intervention is vital.
基金Supported by A grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81273254/H1006
文摘A 67-year-old female presented with a primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor that was detected by computed tomography and diagnosed based on histopathological and genetic analyses.The tumor was microscopically composed of spindle cells and epithelioid cells,and immunohistochemistry results showed positive staining for CD117 and CD34expression.A genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous point mutation and deletion in exon 11 of c-KIT.After an R0 resection,imatinib mesylate was administered for 1 year until its use was discontinued due to severe side effects.Two years after the original operation,the tumor recurred in the residual liver and was completely resected again.Imatinib mesylate was administered for 2 years until it was replaced by sunitinib malate because of disease progression.The patient has survived for 53 mo after undergoing a sequential therapy consisting of surgical excision,imatinib and sunitinib.
