The Effects of Stacking Sequence on Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Thermal Degradation of Kenaf/Jute Hybrid Composites

This research focused on the dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of woven mat jute/kenaf/jute(J/K/J)and kenaf/jute/kenaf(K/J/K)hybrid composites.Dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA)and Thermo-gravimetric Analysis(TGA)were used to study the effect of layering sequence on the thermal properties of kenaf/jute hybrid composites.The DMA results;it was found that the differences in the stacking sequence between the kenaf/jute composites do not affect their storage modulus,loss modulus and damping factor.From the TGA and DMA results,it has been shown that stacking sequence has given positive effect to the kenaf/jute hybrid composite compared to pure epoxy composite.This is because kenaf and jute fibre has increased the Tg values of the composites,thus affect the thermal degradation.Results showed that the storage modulus for kenaf/jute hybrid composites increased compared with pure epoxy composites with increasing temperature and the values of remained almost the same at glass transition temperature(Tg),the hybrid composite perhaps due to the improved fibre/matrix interface bonding.The preliminary analysis could provide a new direction for the creation of a novel hybrid composite which offers unique properties which cannot be accomplished in a single material system.

Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cross-linked Polystyrene/Glass Fiber Composites

Cross-linked polystyrene/glass fiber composites were fabricated using cross-linked polystyrene （CLPS） as matrix and E-glass fiber as the reinforcement. Surfaces of E-glass fibers were modified by vinyl triethoxysilane （VTES）, vinyl trimethoxysilane （VTMS） and γ-methacryloylpropyl trimethoxysilane （MPS）. The treated glass fibers were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis （DMTA） and thermo-gravimetric analysis （TGA） were employed to investigate the effect of glass fibers surface modification on viscoelastic behavior and thermal properties. The morphology of fracture surfaces of various composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results revealed that these coupling agents were connected to the surfaces of the fibers by chemical bonding. Dynamic mechanical properties as well as thermal stability of the composites were improved considerablely, but to varying degrees depending on the fiber modification. The diversities of improvement of properties were attributed to the different interfacial adhesion between CLPS matrix and the glass fibers.

Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotube reinforced metallic glass composites:A molecular dynamics approach

This work uses the molecular dynamics approach to study the effects of functionalization of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)on the mechanical properties of Cu64Zr36 metallic glass(MG).Three types of functional groups,carboxylic,vinyl and ester were used.The effect of CNT volume fraction(Vf)and the number of functional groups attached to CNT,on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of CNT-MG composites was analysed using Biovia Materials Studio.At lower values of Vf(from 0 to 5%),the percentage increase in Young’s modulus was approximately 66%.As the value of Vf was increased further(from 5 to 12%),the rate of increase in Young’s modulus was reduced to 16%.The thermal conductivity was found to increase from 1.52 W/mK at Vf?0%to 5.88 W/mK at Vf?12%,thus giving an increase of approximately 286%.Functionalization of SWCNT reduced the thermal conductivity of the SWCNT-MG composites.

NONLINEAR VIBRATION AND THERMAL-BUCKLING OF A HEATED ANNULAR PLATE WITH A RIGID MASS

On the basis of Hamilton's principle and dynamic version of von Karman's equations, the nonlinear vibration and thermal-buckling of a uniformly heated isotropic annular plate with a completely clamped outer edge and a fixed rigid mass along the inner edge are studied. By parametric perturbation and numerical differentiation, the nonlinear response of the plate-mass system and the critical temperature in the mid-plane at which the plate is in buckled state are obtained. Some meaningful characteristic curves and data tables are given.

Thermal debinding dynamics of novel binder system

The thermal debinding dynamics of newly developed binders for cemented carbides extrusion molding was studied. It is shown that the thermal debinding processes can be divided into two stages: low temperature region, in which the low molecular mass components (LMMCs) are removed; and high temperature region, in which the polymer components are removed. The rate of thermal debinding is controlled by diffusion mechanism. The thermal debinding activation energies were solved out by differential method and integral method. The results show that the addition of other components acted as a catalyzer can effectively decrease the activation energy of thermal debinding processes.

Preparation, Characterization, and Comparison of Thermal Properties of Aromatic Polyether Imides

Two aromatic polyimides were prepared by two-step way. Firstly, the poly(amic acid)s were synthesized from 1, 3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene and two different aromatic dianhydrides. Secondly, polyimides were prepared via thermal imidization of poly(amic acid) precursors. The polyimides prepared were insoluble in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform and N, N-dimethylformamide. The inherent viscosities of poly(amic acid)s were 1.82 dL/g and 2.67 dL/g. The high inherent viscosities were due to the strong intra- or intermolecular hydrogen interaction. The polyimides were characterized by mechanical and thermal analysis. It was found that the samples are of excellent thermal stability, higher glass-transition temperature and excellent dynamic mechanical and thermal properties.

Analysis and Design of Thermally Actuated Micro-Cantilevers for High Frequency Vibrations Using Finite Element Method

Vibrational behavior of thermally actuated cantilever micro-beams and their mechanical response at moderately high frequency under a non-harmonic periodic loading is studied in this paper. Two different configurations are considered: 1) a straight beam with two actuation layers on top and bottom which utilizes the bimorph effect to induce bending;2) a uniform beam with base excitation, where the beam is mounted on an actuator which moves it periodically at its base perpendicular to its axis. Generally, vibrating micro-cantilevers are required to oscillate at a specified frequency. In order to increase the efficiency of the system, and achieve deflections with low power consumption, geometrical features of the beams can be quantified so that the required vibrating frequency matches the natural frequencies of the beam. A parametric modal analysis is conducted on two configurations of micro-cantilever and the first natural frequency of the cantilevers as a function of geometrical parameters is extracted. To evaluate vibrational behavior and thermo-mechanical efficiency of micro-cantilevers as a function of their geometrical parameters and input power, a case study with a specified vibrating frequency is considered. Due to significant complexities in the loading conditions and thermo-mechanical behavior, this task can only be tackled via numerical methods. Selecting the geometrical parameters in order to induce resonance at the nominal frequency, non-linear time-history (transient) thermo-mechanical finite element analysis (using ANSYS) is run on each configuration to study its response to the periodic heating input. Approaches to improve the effectiveness of actuators in each configuration based on their implementation are investigated.

Impacts of Multi-Scale Solar Activity on Climate.Part Ⅰ:Atmospheric Circulation Patterns and Climate Extremes

The impacts of solar activity on climate are explored in this two-part study. Based on the principles of atmospheric dynamics, Part I propose an amplifying mechanism of solar impacts on winter climate extremes through changing the atmospheric circulation patterns. This mechanism is supported by data analysis of the sunspot number up to the predicted Solar Cycle 24, the historical surface temperature data, and atmospheric variables of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis up to the February 2011 for the Northern Hemisphere winters. For low solar activity, the thermal contrast between the low- and high-latitudes is enhanced, so as the mid-latitude baroclinic ultra-long wave activity. The land-ocean thermal contrast is also enhanced, which amplifies the topographic waves. The enhanced mid-latitude waves in turn enhance the meridional heat transport from the low to high latitudes, making the atmospheric ＂heat engine＂ more efficient than normal. The jets shift southward and the polar vortex is weakened. The Northern Annular Mode （NAM） index tends to be negative. The mid-latitude surface exhibits large-scale convergence and updrafts, which favor extreme weather/climate events to occur. The thermally driven Siberian high is enhanced, which enhances the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）. For high solar activity, the mid-latitude circulation patterns are less wavy with less meridional transport. The NAM tends to be positive, and the Siberian high and the EAWM tend to be weaker than normal. Thus the extreme weather/climate events for high solar activity occur in different regions with different severity from those for low solar activity. The solar influence on the mid- to high-latitude surface temperature and circulations can stand out after removing the influence from the E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation. The atmospheric amplifying mechanism indicates that the solar impacts on climate should not be simply estimated by the magnitude of the change in the solar radiation over solar cycles when it is compared with other external radiative forcings that do not influence the climate in the same way as the sun does.

Temperature Dependency of Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Cement Asphalt Paste by DMTA Method

We investigated the temperature dependency of the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt paste by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis（DMTA） method. The experimental results show that the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt pastes are sensitive to temperature due to the inclusion of asphalt, and may go through different states within a temperature range of-40 ℃ to 60 ℃, which is different from that of pure cement and asphalt. As the temperature of the cement asphalt paste increases, a considerable change of dynamic mechanical properties, including storage modulus（E＇）, loss modulus（E＇＇） and loss factor（tand） is observed. Moreover, the influence of asphalt to cement（A/C） ratio on the temperature sensitivity of the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt composites was investigated. The temperature dependency of cement asphalt composites is ascribed to the temperature dependency of the asphalt and its interaction with cement paste. A simple fractional model is proposed to describe the viscoelastic behavior of cement asphalt composites.

Dynamic explicit FE modeling of hot ring rolling process

A new FE modeling method of hot ring rolling was presented by solving key technologies such as contact and heat boundary conditions,motion control over guide rolls,and mass scaling.The method has the following features:1)the elastic-plastic dynamic explicit approach instead of the static implicit approach is adopted to solve the process so as to greatly improve computational efficiency without sacrificing computational accuracy;2)the coupled thermal-mechanical effect is considered as opposed to the conventional isothermal assumption,which is more practical;3)in contrast to the simplified 2D or local 3D ring model,the full 3D ring is modeled to simulate the process.Based on the FE modeling method,two cases of hot plain ring rolling are simulated in the FEA software ABAQUS/Explicit.The simulation results are compared with the experimental measurements and the good agreement between them is observed regarding the material flow and the temperature distribution of the ring.

考虑材料温变特性的三维轮轨接触热分析

为研究材料温变特性对轮轨接触行为和摩擦温升的影响,提出了一种考虑材料温变特性的三维轮轨热力耦合模型,能够考虑纵、横向蠕滑率和自旋的影响,更为真实地模拟轮轨系统的服役状态.首先,研究了热力耦合建模方式对轮轨界面摩擦温升及接触应力的影响;随后,将该模型应用于地铁小半径曲线处车辆-轨道相互作用模拟.结果表明:当轮轨界面温度达到450℃时,轮轨接触应力显著降低,降幅可达20%;考虑热力耦合建模后,轮轨界面的预测温升明显低于不考虑热力耦合建模时的结果,在蠕滑率为0.16时,两者的差异可达51%;地铁车辆在小半径曲线线路上运行时轮轨摩擦温升因过大的蠕滑率与自旋会急剧增大到750℃,应考虑轮轨热力耦合建模以避免过高估计轮轨摩擦温升以及轮轨接触应力.

硝酸酯键断裂触发的含能增塑剂DNTN多阶热分解机理

采用反应分子动力学模拟、固相原位红外测试和同步热分析-红外-质谱联用技术相结合的方法对2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四硝酸酯(DNTN)的热分解过程进行了研究,分析了其热分解气体产物和固相产物,阐明了其热分解机理.结果表明,DNTN的分解分为3个阶段:第一阶段为诱导分解阶段,温度区间为127~147℃,DNTN发生部分O—N键的断裂,释放少量的NO_(2)气体;第二阶段在147~220℃之间,DNTN快速分解,发生硝基基团脱去和季碳骨架的分解,并且伴随小环结构的生成和裂解,释放大量的NO_(2)和CO_(2)等气体,同时放出大量的热;第三阶段为240~350℃,DNTN剩余固态产物在高温下热解,释放少量的CO_(2),并且在300℃后剩余的固相物质会进一步反应生成氰基.

GIS盆式绝缘子热解反应机理函数的通用表征模型与求解方法

反应机理函数可有效表征GIS盆式绝缘子的绝缘老化与劣化过程,有助于揭示盆式绝缘子的失效机理,为评估绝缘子的绝缘性能提供了新途径。通过对反应机制的微分方程的解析,建立了4个基本参量的反应机理函数的积分表达式,它能对不同的反应阶段或路径进行修正,适用范围更广。在此基础上,根据非等温动力学方程,推导出了该试验函数的结构形式,并推导了该模型的计算公式。利用该方法还可同时计算指前因子。进一步具体解析了盆式绝缘子和交联聚乙烯的反应机理函数,并基于Coast-Redfern法和改进Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法验证了反应机理函数通用表征模型与求解方法的有效性。上述研究工作为分析绝缘子绝缘材料劣化过程的反应机制提供了有效方法。

减振制品用天然橡胶在存储过程中结构与性能的演变

采用长期储存和加速老化相结合的方法对减振制品用天然橡胶(NR)在存储过程中结构与性能的演变进行研究。结果表明,随着老化温度的升高和老化时间的延长,NR硫化胶的硬度、100%定伸应力、300%定伸应力、储能模量和损耗模量均逐渐增大且总体变化趋势与交联密度的变化趋势相近,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率的变化率均呈现整体下降趋势,而损耗因子则迅速降低并趋于稳定,动静刚度比呈现先降低后缓慢上升的趋势;热空气老化对NR硫化胶减振性能的影响较小。

环保芳烃油在丁苯橡胶中的应用研究

研究国产环保芳烃油在丁苯橡胶中的应用,并与国外同类产品进行对比。结果表明:国产环保芳烃油的环保性能满足欧盟环保指令要求,红外光谱与进口环保芳烃油基本一致;采用加氢降凝工艺制备的国产环保芳烃油A1820-1的硫化胶与采用双重萃取工艺制备的进口环保芳烃油V500的硫化胶的物理性能、耐磨性能、耐疲劳性能、动态力学性能和耐热氧老化性能基本相当,国产环保芳烃油可以替代进口产品。

基于可迁移注意力和动态卷积的滚动轴承跨工况故障诊断方法

为克服跨工况场景中数据分布差异导致的传统深度学习模型泛化性能降低问题,基于领域自适应理论提出了一种结合可迁移注意力和动态卷积的滚动轴承跨工况故障诊断方法(TADAN)。TADAN的核心思想是在学习丰富互补的多尺度特征基础上量化不同尺度特征的可迁移性并对其进行差异性强化和融合,以提高所学特征表示的可迁移性和模型的适用性,从而学习到富含判别故障信息的领域不变的诊断知识,在无监督目标域中实现高性能诊断。公开轴承数据集上大量诊断任务的试验结果表明,基于动态卷积的多尺度特征提取器可以提取更丰富的特征并提高模型的自适应能力,可迁移计算模块可促进领域不变特征的学习并降低负迁移风险,TADAN比SCNN,MCNN,DAN等方法的故障诊断准确率更高。

聚对苯二甲酸1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯-对苯二甲酸异山梨醇酯合成及性能研究

为了提高聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的玻璃化转变温度,改善制品的耐热性能,以对苯二甲酸(PTA)、异山梨醇(ISB)、1,4-环己烷二甲醇(CHDM)、乙二醇(EG)为原料,采用直接酯化、熔融缩聚法合成聚对苯二甲酸1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯-对苯二甲酸异山梨醇酯(PCIT)共聚酯,考察ISB/CHDM比例对酯化及缩聚反应速率和产品性能的影响。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了共聚酯的热性能,采用万能材料试验机表征了共聚酯的力学性能。结果表明,随着ISB添加量增加、CHDM添加量减少,酯化表观活化能增加、酯化及缩聚反应速率减缓、共聚酯b值升高、玻璃化转变温度T g升高、热降解速率加快、力学性能下降,但共聚酯在ISB含量为22.8%时,仍保持缺口冲击强度高于130 J/m、断裂伸长率大于100%。

金沙江下游高温天气的环流分型和诊断

金沙江流域作为我国重要的生态屏障和清洁能源输出地,其下游干热河谷地段是高温频发地区,针对该区域开展高温天气环流特征和诊断对提高高温灾害预报水平和提高该区域能源调度效率具有重要意义。利用1981—2020年逐日最高气温资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)第五代大气再分析数据集ERA5(Reanalysis v5),通过K-means聚类分析法对金沙江下游高温天气环流形势进行分型,并对各类高温天气的动力和热力因子进行诊断,提炼出各型高温的物理量阈值。结果表明:金沙江下游高温天气的环流背景可分为暖脊型、副热带高压-青藏高压型和青藏高压型3种类型。高温期间中高层均有≥0.25 Pa·s^(-1)的下沉气流,天空晴朗无云,晴空辐射强,且近地面受到≤800 hPa强度的热低压直接加热作用。热力诊断发现金沙江下游高温主要由非绝热加热引起,温度平流对局地升温的贡献为负,垂直绝热变化贡献接近于0,但下沉气流有利于地面接收更多太阳辐射,使近地层非绝热加热增加,从而导致金沙江下游出现高温天气。

基于空间设计的5089结构胶改性制备与应用策略研究

基于环境空间设计需要,对空间设计用5089胶粘剂进行了改性处理,对比分析了3种不同改性胶粘剂的动态热机械分析曲线和玻璃化转变温度-固化温度关系曲线。结果表明,与改性胶粘剂A相比,相同固化温度下改性胶粘剂B和改性胶粘剂C的储能模量都相对较高,且在固化温度为100~130℃时,改性胶粘剂A、改性胶粘剂B和改性胶粘剂C都兼具弹性和粘性;耐热性从高至低顺序依次为改性胶粘剂B、改性胶粘剂C、改性胶粘剂A,且改性胶粘剂B在固化温度100、110和130℃时的玻璃化转变温度都高于原始5089胶粘剂,表明改性胶粘剂B在此温度下的胶接接头耐热性能都优于原始5089胶粘剂。

单体中仲胺类化合物含量对长碳链尼龙1012性能的影响

以癸二胺和十二碳二元酸为原料制备尼龙1012盐,然后将双六甲基三胺作为含仲胺结构的化合物引入到尼龙1012盐聚合反应中制备尼龙1012,考察双六甲基三胺含量对尼龙1012性能的影响。结果表明:随着双六甲基三胺含量的增加,尼龙1012的相对分子质量逐渐增大,相对分子质量分布明显变宽,双六甲基三胺质量分数从0增加至2.0%,聚合物分散性指数从2.48上升到4.29;当双六甲基三胺质量分数大于1.0%时,尼龙1012的动态流变性能表现出弹性大于黏性的行为;随着双六甲基三胺含量的增加,尼龙1012的熔融温度和结晶温度均呈现逐渐降低趋势,而热分解温度逐渐上升;双六甲基三胺质量分数从0增加至1.0%,尼龙1012的拉伸强度逐渐降低,缺口冲击强度逐渐增大;双六甲基三胺的仲胺结构参与了聚合反应,形成了支化、交联结构,交联结构的增加有利于提高尼龙1012的拉伸强度。