Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease that was initially simplified into three major types:Type 1,type 2 and gestational diabetes.With the global rise in incidence of acute pancreatitis(AP),a lesser-known type of dia...Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease that was initially simplified into three major types:Type 1,type 2 and gestational diabetes.With the global rise in incidence of acute pancreatitis(AP),a lesser-known type of diabetes referred to as diabetes of the exocrine pancreas(DEP)is becoming more recognized.However,there is a poor understanding of the inherent relationship between diabetes and AP.There is established data about certain diseases affecting the exocrine function of the pancreas which can lead to diabetes.More specifically,there are well established guidelines for diagnosis and management of DEP caused be chronic pancreatitis.Conversely,the sequelae of AP leading to diabetes has limited recognition and data.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the prevalence,epidemiology,pathophysiology and future research aims of APrelated diabetes.In addition,we propose a screening and diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians in providing better care for their patients.展开更多
Dynamic light scattering(DLS)is a promising technique for early cataract detection and for studying cataractogenesis.A novel probabilistic analysis tool,the sparse Bayesian learning(SBL)algorithm,is described for reco...Dynamic light scattering(DLS)is a promising technique for early cataract detection and for studying cataractogenesis.A novel probabilistic analysis tool,the sparse Bayesian learning(SBL)algorithm,is described for reconstructing the most-probable size distribution ofα-crystallin and their aggregates in an ocular lens from the DLS data.The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing simulated correlation data from known distributions and DLS data from the ocular lenses of a fetal calf,a Rhesus monkey,and a man,so as to establish the required efficiency of the SBL algorithm for clinical studies.展开更多
Early diagnosis of cancer can significantly improve treatment and survival outcomes.Imaging and tissue biopsy are the gold standard diagnostic approaches but are costly,invasive,and often unable to detect early-stage ...Early diagnosis of cancer can significantly improve treatment and survival outcomes.Imaging and tissue biopsy are the gold standard diagnostic approaches but are costly,invasive,and often unable to detect early-stage tumors.The past decade has marked an acceleration in the discovery and development of liquid biopsy tests for aiding in the detection of various types of tumor markers in non-tissue samples,such as blood.Liquid biopsy markers include circulating tumor cells,as well as tumor cell fragments,nucleic acids,and proteins.Liquid biopsy may be useful in screening patients considered to be at high risk of developing cancer,for refining diagnosis when combined with other test results,and for early detection of recurrence.Advances in big data analytics,informatics,and artificial intelligence will make it possible to combine patient history,clinical data,and liquid biopsy marker profiles to achieve more accurate and earlier diagnosis.In this review,we summarize the current use of liquid biopsy in cancer care,including the development of multi-analyte panels to improve diagnostic accuracy and detect several cancer types in a single assay.We highlight recent advances for potential future applications of liquid biopsy to aid in the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer.We also discuss the opportunities and challenges of integrating liquid biopsy into current algorithms for cancer screening and diagnosis.展开更多
文摘Diabetes is a highly prevalent disease that was initially simplified into three major types:Type 1,type 2 and gestational diabetes.With the global rise in incidence of acute pancreatitis(AP),a lesser-known type of diabetes referred to as diabetes of the exocrine pancreas(DEP)is becoming more recognized.However,there is a poor understanding of the inherent relationship between diabetes and AP.There is established data about certain diseases affecting the exocrine function of the pancreas which can lead to diabetes.More specifically,there are well established guidelines for diagnosis and management of DEP caused be chronic pancreatitis.Conversely,the sequelae of AP leading to diabetes has limited recognition and data.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the prevalence,epidemiology,pathophysiology and future research aims of APrelated diabetes.In addition,we propose a screening and diagnostic algorithm to aid clinicians in providing better care for their patients.
基金the National Science Council of the Republic of China under the Contract No.NSC-97-2112-M-006-006.
文摘Dynamic light scattering(DLS)is a promising technique for early cataract detection and for studying cataractogenesis.A novel probabilistic analysis tool,the sparse Bayesian learning(SBL)algorithm,is described for reconstructing the most-probable size distribution ofα-crystallin and their aggregates in an ocular lens from the DLS data.The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing simulated correlation data from known distributions and DLS data from the ocular lenses of a fetal calf,a Rhesus monkey,and a man,so as to establish the required efficiency of the SBL algorithm for clinical studies.
文摘Early diagnosis of cancer can significantly improve treatment and survival outcomes.Imaging and tissue biopsy are the gold standard diagnostic approaches but are costly,invasive,and often unable to detect early-stage tumors.The past decade has marked an acceleration in the discovery and development of liquid biopsy tests for aiding in the detection of various types of tumor markers in non-tissue samples,such as blood.Liquid biopsy markers include circulating tumor cells,as well as tumor cell fragments,nucleic acids,and proteins.Liquid biopsy may be useful in screening patients considered to be at high risk of developing cancer,for refining diagnosis when combined with other test results,and for early detection of recurrence.Advances in big data analytics,informatics,and artificial intelligence will make it possible to combine patient history,clinical data,and liquid biopsy marker profiles to achieve more accurate and earlier diagnosis.In this review,we summarize the current use of liquid biopsy in cancer care,including the development of multi-analyte panels to improve diagnostic accuracy and detect several cancer types in a single assay.We highlight recent advances for potential future applications of liquid biopsy to aid in the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer.We also discuss the opportunities and challenges of integrating liquid biopsy into current algorithms for cancer screening and diagnosis.
