Myocardial infarction (MI), the most serious of the ischemic heart diseases, is accompanied by myocardial metabolic disorders and the loss of cardiomyocytes. Increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lnc...Myocardial infarction (MI), the most serious of the ischemic heart diseases, is accompanied by myocardial metabolic disorders and the loss of cardiomyocytes. Increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various pathological conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and are emerging as a novel biomarker for these disorders. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role and mechanisms of lncRNAs in myocardial remodeling in the setting of MI. We find that post-infarcted hearts exhibit a reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and an alteration of the glucose and lipid metabolism genes cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), hexokinase 1 (HK1), and clucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), accompanied by cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. We then identify a previously unknown conserved lncRNA, AK009126 (cardiomyocyte pyroptosis-associated lncRNA, CPAL), which is remarkably upregulated in the myocardial border zone of MI mice. Importantly, the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated silencing of endogenous CPAL by its short hairpin RNA (shRNA) partially abrogates myocardial metabolic alterations and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis during MI in mice. Mechanistically, CPAL is shown to bind directly to nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and to act as an activator of NFκB to induce NFκB phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. We also find that CPAL upregulates caspase-1 expression at the transcriptional level and consequently promotes the release of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β from cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our findings reveal the conserved lncRNA CPAL as a new regulator of cardiac metabolic abnormalities and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in the setting of MI and suggest CPAL as a new therapeutic target to protect cardiomyocytes against ischemic injury in infarcted hearts.展开更多
This paper discusses the uncertainty of ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements due to the impact of background signal. The impact of background signal on ozone concentration profiles is proportional t...This paper discusses the uncertainty of ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements due to the impact of background signal. The impact of background signal on ozone concentration profiles is proportional to the background intensity and the ratio of return signal intensities at “on” and “off” wavelength ( ) (hereinafter we call it the return signal intensity ratio). Analysis suggests that an appropriate return signal intensity ratio can make the impact of background signal very small, negligible. The simulations based on the analysis coincide with the experimental results. The experimental results show that the impact of background signal is negligible at an appropriate return signal intensity ratio of 0.96 at wavelength pair (280,285 nm). In case of unknown background intensity, we can adjust the laser pulse energy levels at the two wavelengths to obtain an appropriate return signal intensity ratio on the oscilloscope to suppress the impact of background signal and ensure the accuracy of night time ozone measurements.展开更多
MOMENTS after Lei Jun finished his keynote address at the Global Mobile Internet Conference （GMIC） in Belling in May, the CEO of Chinese smart- phone maker Xiaomi was mobbed by young volun- teers working the event, ...MOMENTS after Lei Jun finished his keynote address at the Global Mobile Internet Conference （GMIC） in Belling in May, the CEO of Chinese smart- phone maker Xiaomi was mobbed by young volun- teers working the event, all eager to take pictures of the mop-haired 43-year-old and claim an autograph of their hero.展开更多
The conventional time function of electromechanical relays is hard to coordinate with other relays. In order to promote the application of inverse-time overcurrent relays, a new time function for microprocessor-type r...The conventional time function of electromechanical relays is hard to coordinate with other relays. In order to promote the application of inverse-time overcurrent relays, a new time function for microprocessor-type relay is proposed. The setting of the trip time for this relay is performed by determining the shortest trip time and the longest trip time, respectively. The results of analysis show that with the new time function, the inverse-time overcurrent relay is easy to coordinate with other relays and has a comparatively shorter trip time, and that the fault happens in the protective zone.展开更多
This paper presents a study on protection coordination of over current relays (OCRs) in a distributed system by considering its different operating modes. Two different case studies which are considered in present wor...This paper presents a study on protection coordination of over current relays (OCRs) in a distributed system by considering its different operating modes. Two different case studies which are considered in present work for protection coordination include: (i) DG interfaced distribution system in grid connected mode and (ii) DG interfaced distribution system in islanded mode of operation. The proposed approach is tested on the Canadian urban benchmark distribution system consisting of 9 buses. On the occurrence of fault, level of fault current changes which in turn changes the operating time of various OCRs. Therefore, it is important to calculate and suggest method of the relay setting in order to minimize the operating time of relays and also to avoid its mal-operation. In this paper, the protection scheme is optimally designed by taking into account the above mentioned conditions. The operating time of relays can be decreased and, at the same time, coordination can be maintained by considering the optimum values of time dial setting (TDS). Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used for determining the optimum values of TDS and hence operating time.展开更多
文摘Myocardial infarction (MI), the most serious of the ischemic heart diseases, is accompanied by myocardial metabolic disorders and the loss of cardiomyocytes. Increasing evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various pathological conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and are emerging as a novel biomarker for these disorders. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role and mechanisms of lncRNAs in myocardial remodeling in the setting of MI. We find that post-infarcted hearts exhibit a reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and an alteration of the glucose and lipid metabolism genes cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), hexokinase 1 (HK1), and clucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), accompanied by cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. We then identify a previously unknown conserved lncRNA, AK009126 (cardiomyocyte pyroptosis-associated lncRNA, CPAL), which is remarkably upregulated in the myocardial border zone of MI mice. Importantly, the adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated silencing of endogenous CPAL by its short hairpin RNA (shRNA) partially abrogates myocardial metabolic alterations and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis during MI in mice. Mechanistically, CPAL is shown to bind directly to nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and to act as an activator of NFκB to induce NFκB phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. We also find that CPAL upregulates caspase-1 expression at the transcriptional level and consequently promotes the release of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β from cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our findings reveal the conserved lncRNA CPAL as a new regulator of cardiac metabolic abnormalities and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in the setting of MI and suggest CPAL as a new therapeutic target to protect cardiomyocytes against ischemic injury in infarcted hearts.
文摘This paper discusses the uncertainty of ozone differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements due to the impact of background signal. The impact of background signal on ozone concentration profiles is proportional to the background intensity and the ratio of return signal intensities at “on” and “off” wavelength ( ) (hereinafter we call it the return signal intensity ratio). Analysis suggests that an appropriate return signal intensity ratio can make the impact of background signal very small, negligible. The simulations based on the analysis coincide with the experimental results. The experimental results show that the impact of background signal is negligible at an appropriate return signal intensity ratio of 0.96 at wavelength pair (280,285 nm). In case of unknown background intensity, we can adjust the laser pulse energy levels at the two wavelengths to obtain an appropriate return signal intensity ratio on the oscilloscope to suppress the impact of background signal and ensure the accuracy of night time ozone measurements.
文摘MOMENTS after Lei Jun finished his keynote address at the Global Mobile Internet Conference （GMIC） in Belling in May, the CEO of Chinese smart- phone maker Xiaomi was mobbed by young volun- teers working the event, all eager to take pictures of the mop-haired 43-year-old and claim an autograph of their hero.
基金TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .6 9774 0 2 4 )
文摘The conventional time function of electromechanical relays is hard to coordinate with other relays. In order to promote the application of inverse-time overcurrent relays, a new time function for microprocessor-type relay is proposed. The setting of the trip time for this relay is performed by determining the shortest trip time and the longest trip time, respectively. The results of analysis show that with the new time function, the inverse-time overcurrent relay is easy to coordinate with other relays and has a comparatively shorter trip time, and that the fault happens in the protective zone.
文摘This paper presents a study on protection coordination of over current relays (OCRs) in a distributed system by considering its different operating modes. Two different case studies which are considered in present work for protection coordination include: (i) DG interfaced distribution system in grid connected mode and (ii) DG interfaced distribution system in islanded mode of operation. The proposed approach is tested on the Canadian urban benchmark distribution system consisting of 9 buses. On the occurrence of fault, level of fault current changes which in turn changes the operating time of various OCRs. Therefore, it is important to calculate and suggest method of the relay setting in order to minimize the operating time of relays and also to avoid its mal-operation. In this paper, the protection scheme is optimally designed by taking into account the above mentioned conditions. The operating time of relays can be decreased and, at the same time, coordination can be maintained by considering the optimum values of time dial setting (TDS). Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been used for determining the optimum values of TDS and hence operating time.
