Survey and Countermeasures on Current Status of Farmer Training and Education Informatization in Western Liaoning Province

This study summarized the main achievements of farmers’training and rural informatization construction in the past few years,and explored the needs of rural informatization in western Liaoning Province.The current status of agricultural development in western Liaoning and farmers’needs for education and training and rural education informatization were surveyed.The construction of an education and technical support service platform for scientific and technological farmers in western Liaoning was proposed,aiming to use information technology to train modern professional farmers.Through independent and self-learning education and training methods,it is expected to promote great improvement in the scientific and technological quality and moral level of farmers in western Liaoning and cultivate professional farmers who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management.

Dongbeititan dongi,the First Sauropod Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of Western Liaoning Province,China

We herein describe a partial postcranial skeleton of a sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group in the Beipiao area of western Liaoning Province, northeastern China. A suite of features it possesses, including the camellate internal structure of its presacral elements, the existence of pneumatocoels on the proximal ends of the dorsal ribs, and especially the medially deflected proximal portion of the femur, definitively establish the titanosauriform affinities of the specimen. It differs from other titanosauriforms in having a craniocaudally elongate coracoid with a squared cranioventral extreme and a long, smooth, and slightly convex acetabular edge of the pubis. It represents a new taxon, Dongbeititan dongi gen. et sp. nov. Comparative studies suggest that Dongbeititan is a basal titanosauriform, more derived than Euhelopus, Fusuisaurus, and Huanghetitan, but less derived than Gobititan and Jiutaisaurus. Dongbeititan represents the first sauropod dinosaur reported from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province.

Geochronology and Petrogenesis of Mesozoic Granitoids in the Geological Corridor of Western Liaoning Province, China

The geological corridor of Western Liaoning province is an area of length 100 km and width 20 km and located in the eastern segment of northern margin of North China Craton（NCC）,with the wide distribution of Mesozoic granitic magmatism.It is the ideal area to study the granitic petrogenesis,the nature of magma source and the tectonic attribute.In this paper,we do the systematic researchesaboutthepetrology,geochronology,geochemistry and Zircon Hf isotopic of granitic rocks.Based on the mentioned above,we have built the geochronological framework and have discussed the petrogenesis,the nature of magma source and the tectonic setting of granitic rocks.And according to the information about the crust-mantle interaction recorded in granitic rocks and the regional data,we also discuss the relationship between Mesozoic granitic magma activities and lithosphere thinning,destruction of Craton mechanism in the eastern segment of northern margin of NCC.The Mesozoic granitic magma activities in The geological corridor of Western Liaoning province are divided into four stages（Fig.1）:Late Triassic（230 Ma;28 Ma）,early-middle Jurassic（194 Ma;69 Ma）,Late Jurassic（161 Ma;55 Ma）and Early Cretaceous（139Ma;21 Ma）.The late Triassic granitic rocks are composed of adamellite,monzogranite and diorite.The samples have high Sr,Cr,Ni content and low Yb,Y content,and the sample have high Mg#and high ratio of Sr/Y and La/Yb.The characteristics of inhomogenous negative value ofεHf（t）(-6.40;0.19)in magmatic zircons and ancient crustal TDM2 values of 1.25 Ga;.67 Ga（Fig.2）,indicate that the Triassic granitic rocks were formed in a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting aftersubduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean and the subduction of Yangtze Craton,and they are the product of partial melting of ancient lower crust under the condition of the mantle-derived magma underplating,and geochemical features of the high Sr and low Y are inherited from the source of magma which is also enriched in Sr and depleted in Y.The geochemical features and assemblages of rocks formed during Jurassic-early Cretaceous are similar.The early-middle Jurassic granitic rocks are composed of syenogranite,monzogranite,quartz monzonite,granitic porphyry,granodiorite and quartz diorite.The late Jurassic granitic rocks are composed of monzogranite,granitic porphyry,and quartz diorite.The early Cretaceous granitic rocks are composed of monzogranite,quartz syenite,granitic porphyry,and quartz monzodiorite.The samples are characterized by the high SiO;content and total alkalis and are belonged to the high-K calc-alkaline series.And the characteristics of quasi-aluminous to weakly peraluminous（A/CNK<1.1,A/NK>1.0）and the negative relationship between P;O;and SiO;are similar to the characteristics of I-type granite.The samples are enriched in LREE contents and K,Pb and depleted in Nb,Ta,Ti and P.The characteristics of assemblage and geochemical features indicate the Jurassic-Cretaceous granitic rocks formed in the setting of active continental margin related to the subduction.The magmatic zircons of early-middle Jurassic granitic rocks have negativeεHf（t）(-16.60;4.15)and ancient crustal TDM2 values of 1.49 Ga;.28 Ga which indicates the primary magma is from the partial melting of ancient middle-lower crust（Fig.2）.These rocks formed in the setting of active continental margin of subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate.The magma source of granitic rocks is from partial melting of the ancient lower-middle curst caused by the underplating of mantle magma,which formed in the condition of fluid derived from the dehydration of subducted slab affected on the lithosphere mantle.The magmatic zircons of late Jurassic granitic rocks have negativeεHf（t）(-26.24;18.56)and ancient crustal TDM2 values of（2.39 Ga;.87 Ga）which indicates the primary magma is from the partial melting of ancient upper-middle crust（Fig.2）.And these rocks may be formed in the setting of active continental margin of intense subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate.In the intense subduction,the mantle magma is formed in the interaction of fluid derived from the dehydration of subducted slab with the lithosphere mantle,then further underplated the ancient middle-upper crust and make the ancient middle-upper curst partial melting.In this setting,the late Jurassic rocks are distributed widely in eastern North China.The samples in early Cretaceous have a wide range of values of Hf isotope:-24.92;20.88（139 Ma）,-4.72;6.22（130 Ma）,-17.30;11.56（125 Ma;21 Ma）,and the characteristics of Hf isotope indicate the source of earlyCretaceousmagma（middle-uppercrust,middle-lower crust or juvenile crust）is very complicated（Fig.2）.The early Cretaceous granitic rocks were formed in the lithosphere extensional environment when the Paleo-Pacific plate subducted/roll-backed quickly in the direction of NNW with high angle.The regional extension made the asthenosphere upwell and be unstable,and the magma of mantle was formed.Then wide mantle-crust interactions make the crust partial melt,as a result,the source of early Cretaceous igneous rocks which are distributed widely in eastern North China Craton.The participation of depleted mantle components in the process of Late Triassic rock formation in western Liaoning area indicate the time of the lithosphere thinning in the eastern segment of northern margin of NCC begin from the late Triassic（;30 Ma）.The double subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean and Yangtze Craton in the early period is the reason of the lithosphere thinning.After the double subduction,the mantle-derived magma upwell and underplate the lithosphere mantle and lower crust in a post-collisional extensional tectonic setting.As a result,the lithosphere began to thin but the Craton destruction was not obviously in this period.The participation of depleted mantle components makes the continental crust slightly reforms and grows.The eastern segment of northern margin of NCC was in the setting of active continental margin in Jurassic,and the continuing dehydration and metasomatism of subduction slab changed the physical and chemical properties of the lithosphere mantle.The initial weak subduction in early-middle Jurassic makes the lithosphere become thin but no obvious destruction of Craton.And in this period,the continental crust reformed and grew slightly.As the subduction became stronger during late Jurassic,the thickness of lithosphere in eastern segment of northern margin of NCC become thinner and the destruction of Craton occurred locally and the continental crust reformed and grew to some extent.In early Cretaceous,the change of direction and angle of subduction of Paleo-Pacific led to the regional extension,which is the reason for massive mantle material upwelling and intense crust-mantle interaction.And the lithosphere thinning and destruction of Craton reached the peak.As a result,the effects of reconstruction and hyperplasia of continental crust are obviously.In our opinions,the underplating mechanism of mantle-derived magma occurred mainly in the initial stage（early Mesozoic）oflithosphere thinning,and the delamination of lithosphere mantle or lower crust coexisted while erosion action of mantle material occurred in the stage（late Mesozoic）of strong lithosphere thinning and destruction of Craton.

Effect of Mesozoic volcanic eruptions in the western Liaoning Province, China on paleoclimate and paleoenvironment

Well-preserved Mesozoic vertebrate fossils were found from lacustrine deposits inter-bedded with tuff and tuffites in the lower part of the Yixian Formation, western Liaoning Province, China. The fossil-rich layers were preserved in the intermediate-acid volcanic deposits in Sihetun excavating profile. Based on the petrographic studies of samples of the tuff and tuffites collected from the profile, this paper determines major element concentrations and volatile compositions of the melt inclusions in phenocrysts and matrix glasses with electron microprobe analysis. Volatile (S, F, Cl and H2O) contents emitted into the atmosphere were estimated by comparing pre- and post-eruptive volatile concentrations. Amount of volatiles (except for water) emitted in western Liaoning are much higher than those in the historic eruptions which had a substantial effect on climate and environment. Based on the nature and amount of the gases emitted in the eruptions of western Liaoning, we present a hypothesis that volatile-rich volcanism could result in mass mortal-ity of vertebrates in the study area by injecting a large amount of volatiles (e.g., SO2, H2S, HCl, HF and H2O) into the stratosphere that would have triggered abrupt environmental and climate changes and altered lake chemistry. In terms of contents of volatile emissions, the eruptions in western Liaoning can be subdivided into the following three categories. The first group is domi-nated by HF emission, which had a fatal but possibly short-lived effect on paleoclimate and pa-leoenvironment and finally caused the mass mortality of the primitive birds. The second group presents the highest halogen concentrations emitted. However, contents of chlorine erupted is higher than those of fluorine emitted. The reactive chlorine compounds probably led to the ozone layer depletion and, therefore, caused mass mortality of most of all vertebrates including fishes, turtles and dinosaurs. The third one consists mainly of sulfur gases (primarily SO2 and H2S) re-leased. They declined the surfaces temperatures and formed large-scale toxic acid rains. Eventu-ally, such environmental trauma killed many land- and freshwater-based vertebrates and formed vertebrate (including feathered theropod dinosaurs) fossil-rich layers. The results show that the Mesozoic volcanic activities on either a large scale or frequent moderate scales in western Liao- ning could lead to mass mortality of the vertebrates.

Zircon isotopic ages from magnetite quartzites of the Jianping metamorphic complex, western Liaoning Province

Using the zircon Pb evaporation method and high precise ion microprobe analyses, zircon isotopic ages in supracrustal magnetite quartzites from Jianping metamorphic complex have been obtained. The results show that the deposition of the supracrustal rocks occurred around 2 552-2 520 Ma and the peak of granulite facies metamorphism reached at about 2 487 Ma; about (1 806±16) Ma, i.e. Mid-Proterozoic, the other possible metamorphic event with relatively low intensity happened in the study area. it is speculated that a likely tectonic setting where the Jianping metamorphic complex formed is an active Continental margin that is involved in Continental collision and crustal thickening shortly after its formation.

基于MaxEnt模型的辽西地区亚洲狗獾生境适宜性分析

为掌握亚洲狗獾(Meles leucurus)生境利用及适宜生境分布格局,本研究利用2018年和2022年辽西地区的132个亚洲狗獾有效分布点,基于MaxEnt模型进行研究。结果表明:(1)地形、气候、植被和水源是影响辽西地区亚洲狗獾分布的主要环境因素。(2)辽西地区亚洲狗獾在海拔1150 m、坡度40°、归一化植被指数85%、最热月最高温24.5℃、气温年较差39℃、距河流距离100 m左右的生境出现概率最高。(3)潜在适宜生境面积约12051.13 km^(2),占研究区总面积的41.63%。高适宜生境分布较为集中,主要分布在研究区西南部的凌源、建昌、绥中和中部的喀左、朝阳等地区;低适宜生境分布较为分散,在整个研究区均有分布;中适宜生境则环绕高适宜生境,成为高、低适宜生境间的过渡区。本研究明确了辽西地区亚洲狗獾适宜生境的分布格局和限制其分布的主导环境因子,这将有助于研究亚洲狗獾在辽西地区的生态适应性,为该地区亚洲狗獾的保护和管理提供更精细的生境分布规律参考资料。

辽西勿兰乌苏磷矿床地质特征及控矿因素

勿兰乌苏磷矿是辽宁省西部重要的磷矿床之一,资源储量达到大型规模,同时伴生有益组分(磁铁矿).磷矿体赋存于新太古界小塔子沟岩组,控矿因素主要为绿岩型含磷磁铁建造.矿石矿物组合为磷灰石+磁铁矿+钛磁铁矿+角闪石+黑云母+斜长石.磷灰石含量与铁钛锰等暗色组分含量呈正相关,显示了磷的亲铁性.矿床成因属于变质型磷灰石矿床.

辽西地质走廊带岩石物性在岩石成因研究中的应用

本文对辽西地质走廊带不同地质单元的岩石标本进行物性参数测量,建立沉积岩和火成岩岩石密度、弹性波速度、磁化率、电阻率与光谱数据之间的定性和半定量关系,研究岩石物性与岩石特征之间的相关性,以此来研究岩石的成岩环境。根据不同岩石类型相关系数曲线的统计结果,总结了岩石光谱反射率与岩石密度、弹性波速度、磁化率、电阻率相关系数强弱特征和岩石类型之间的关系,从相关性强弱变化的特征分析出岩石成岩环境的差异会导致不同岩石具有不同的物性特征,其中,沉积岩的物理沉积环境导致其岩石光谱反射率与密度和弹性波速度具有较强的相关性,火成岩稳定的成岩环境导致其岩石光谱反射率与磁化率具有较强的相关性,沉积岩和火成岩的光谱反射率与岩石密度和弹性波速度均为正相关关系。

辽宁西部地区地质灾害风险评价

地层岩性、地质构造、地形地貌、降水及人类活动是影响辽宁西部地区地质灾害发育程度的主要因素。在以上因素共同作用下,辽西地区地质灾害呈现特征是发育程度较低,以小型崩塌为主,少量分布采空区地面塌陷及沟谷滑坡和泥石流。通过对辽西地区开展地质灾害风险评价,发现研究区域内存在6处地质灾害中风险区,分别位于阜新市海州矿区、医巫闾山、凌海北部、凌海中部、凌海班吉塔乡和建昌东南绥中西南部。中风险区占区域总面积约5%,其余地区均为地质灾害低风险区。本课题的开展对辽西地区今后地质灾害预防有一定促进意义。

辽西地区不同种植模式对春玉米产量形成及其生长发育特性的影响

改变玉米田间种植模式是提高玉米单产的重要措施之一。本文在大田试验条件下,以耐密品种(郑单958)和中密品种(沈玉21)研究了三比空密疏密、大垄双行和等行距(CK)3种种植模式对春玉米产量形成及其生长发育特征的影响。结果表明,田间种植形式的改变可以显著影响玉米群体产量及其生长发育特征。耐密品种以大垄双行种植模式为宜,可以增加玉米的株高、茎粗,提高叶面积和光能利用率,促进干物质积累,2年平均产量为8882.36 kg hm 2,比对照增加6.51%,增产的原因是百粒重和穗行数的显著提高;中密品种以大垄双行和三比空种植模式为宜,2种种植模式均可增加玉米的株高、茎粗,提高叶面积和光能利用率,促进干物质积累,且与耐密品种表现不同,2年平均产量分别为8294.58 kg hm 2和8188.30 kg hm 2,比对照增加21.36%和19.81%,增产的原因是行粒数的显著增加。因此,我们认为在辽西地区特定的自然条件下大垄双行是提高玉米单产的最佳种植模式。

辽西凌源地区水泉沟组辉石安山岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年及其意义

水泉沟组分布在辽西凌源地区,不整合覆盖早中生代第一期推覆构造系统,其上又被稍晚形成的燕山早期推覆构造所掩覆。水泉沟组辉石安山岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb测年结果为230.4Ma±3.1Ma。测试结果表明:①辽西水泉沟组时代为晚三叠世;②燕山地区晚三叠世安山质火山岩很可能代表一种拉张的构造环境;③燕山地区早中生代早期挤压逆冲构造发育于早中三叠世,即燕山地区印支阶段早期为挤压逆冲,晚期为伸展构造。

辽西地区主要造林树种抗旱性的研究

辽西地区属于半干旱季风气候区,年平均温度为7.1—8.2℃,年降水量为400—600mm,年蒸发量为1600mm,为降水量的3—4倍。干燥是该区总的气候特点。该区的植物群落主要为旱生的森林灌丛或草本植物群落,针叶树建群种为油松,阔叶树为蒙古栎,元宝槭,黄榆;灌木主要为荆条和酸枣。土壤是在各种岩石风化物残积母质上,以及黄土、红土母质上发育的淋溶褐土和褐色性土,土壤干旱瘠薄。水分是这一地区限制造林树种成活及生长的主要因子,本文试图通过对树种抗旱性的测定和分析,确定树种的抗旱能力,从而为辽西地区的造林提供树种选择的依据。

辽西地区中生代构造格局及其形成演化

在横穿辽西地区构造变形剖面及重点区段的详细构造解析的基础上 ,结合构造变形、沉积组合、岩浆岩特征及同位素年代学等资料 ,对辽西地区中生代以来的总体构造格局进行了厘定 ,认为辽西地区中生代主要构造格局由印支期的东西向褶皱 -逆冲构造、早燕山期的北东向叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造、晚燕山期早期的北东向“盆 -岭”构造。

辽西低山丘陵区生态系统退化程度的定量确定

Exactly measuring the degradation degree of ecosystems is the basis and precondition of restoring ecosystems. At present,degradation degree is usually analyzed qualitatively.In this paper,quantitative classification method was used to study the degradation degree of ecosystem in hilly region of western Liaoning,which was measured by the degradation degree of habitat.The result shows that the habitat in the northern slope of mountains has been degraded to certain stage between shrubbery and pioneer tree forest,which provides theoretical basis for vegetation restoration practice. Moreover,the result is beneficial for studying the degradation degree of ecosystems in other regions or of other types.

辽西半干旱地区深松中耕对土壤养分及玉米产量的影响

在辽宁西部阜新旱作农业示范区进行田间试验,探讨了深松中耕对这一地区土壤养分及玉米产量的影响。结果表明：与传统耕作相比,深松中耕能够提高0-30 cm土层土壤有机质含量及0-20 cm土层土壤全N、P、K含量,以提高0-10 cm土层土壤全N含量最为显著（P＆lt;5%）;能够增加0-20 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量及0-30cm土层土壤有效钾含量,以增加0-10 cm土层土壤有效钾含量最为显著（P＆lt;5%）;显著增加10-30 cm土层土壤有效磷含量（P＆lt;5%）;增加了玉米产量,增加幅度为7.80%。

辽宁省朝阳市农业生态经济系统能值分析

应用能值分析的方法,研究了以辽宁省朝阳市为代表的辽西半干旱区农业生态经济系统的能值投入及产出结构,并通过计算、对比能值评价指标,分析了朝阳市农业生态经济系统的发展现状。结果表明,对自然资源的过度利用造成了当地生态环境条件的恶化,由此产生不可更新自然资源的流失以及产出能值的损失;对可更新有机能的不充分利用也是造成当地资源浪费和环境破坏的重要原因。

辽西早白垩世义县组火山岩的地质特征及其构造背景

早白垩世义县组火山岩是辽西地区分布最为广泛的中生代火山岩。岩石学、元素-同位素地球化学研究表明,义县组火山岩主要为高钾钙碱性系列,相容元素(Cr、Co、Ni、V等)和大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Sr、Ba等)相对富集,高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf等)和放射性元素(U、Th)相对亏损,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,δEu弱负异常,放射成因的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素较低,具有板内和活动大陆边缘弧地球化学特点。作者认为辽西早白垩世义县组火山岩起源于富集的岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,岩浆在演化过程中以结晶分异作用为主,伴有少量的地壳混染作用,即AFC过程。结合区域构造,作者认为义县组火山岩形成于权内岩石圈的不均匀拉伸环境,是燕山板内造山作用的产物,与中生代古太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲没有直接关系。

辽西凌源河坎子碱性杂岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

分析测定了河坎子碱性杂岩体的稀土、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素数据 ,对该杂岩体形成的构造背景、源区特征及意义进行了讨论。河坎子碱性杂岩体稀土元素总量较高 ,富集LREE和大离子亲石元素 ,Eu呈弱负异常或异常不明显 ,Nb、Ta、K、P、Ti和Y呈负异常 ,过渡族元素含量偏低。稀土和微量元素分布模式与辽东凤城碱性杂岩体相似。主侵入期 4个全岩加 1个黑云母样品的全岩矿物Rb_Sr等时线年龄为 2 2 1.4± 8.5 (2σ)Ma ,属于印支期碱性岩浆活动。该岩体的εSr(t)均为正值 ,平均 7.2 3,ISr=0 .70 4 77± 0 .0 0 0 15 ,εNd(t)均为负值。微量元素和Sr、Nd及Pb示踪同位素特征显示其源区与EMⅠ型富集地幔端员有关。河坎子碱性杂岩体地球化学特征不仅揭示了华北地台北缘东部上地幔在三叠纪时具有富集性 ,而且也显示了辽东地区比辽西地区更富集的特点。河坎子碱性杂岩体形成于板内拉张环境 ,岩浆作用以批式部分熔融占主导地位。

辽西兰家沟钼矿床成矿流体特征及成因探讨

兰家沟钼矿床是中国北方重要的独立钼矿床,矿体主要赋存于细粒花岗岩体内部及与粗粒花岗岩的接触部位,矿石类型以辉钼矿-石英大脉为主。流体包裹体研究表明,兰家沟钼矿床含钼石英脉中流体包裹体较少,类型主要为气液两相,个别含子矿物多相包裹体;激光拉曼光谱测试表明,成矿流体成分主要为H2O,微量的CO2、CO23-。成矿期流体包裹体的均一温度为160~405℃,集中于180~320℃;盐度w(NaCleq)为2.4%~16.5%,多数在8%~14%。成矿流体在演化过程中发生了中等盐度和低盐度流体的混合作用,2种不同成分流体的混合作用使得辉钼矿大量沉淀而成矿。氢氧同位素研究表明,成矿流体的δD为-81‰^-101‰,δ18O水为-0.1‰~4.5‰,小于兰家沟花岗岩全岩δ18O水值,反映成矿流体来自混合的岩浆水与大气降水。通过与典型斑岩型钼矿床地质特征、矿化、围岩蚀变、流体包裹体特征及同位素组成的对比,认为兰家沟钼矿床属于热液脉型向斑岩型过渡类钼矿床。

辽宁西部地区的气候变化及干湿状况年代际变化特征

辽宁西部(简称辽西)是气候及生态环境脆弱区,因其特殊性使之成为相关科研人员关注的焦点,在全球气候变暖背景下增温显著的辽西地区气候及地表干湿气候界线如何变化是本文研究的问题。应用1961—2004年辽宁省内52个气象站的温度、降水、湿度、风、日照等气候资料,分析了辽西近50a来的气候变化特点,采用改进的Penman模型计算潜在蒸发量,讨论了其时空代表性及分布特征;进一步计算了干燥度指数,并在10a代际尺度上详细分析了辽西干湿气候变化特征。研究表明:辽西地区近44a的总体气候变化趋势是气温升高、降水减少。20世纪60年代以来该区域干湿气候界线波动显著,呈现出整体移动、南北异相波动的特征。干湿气候年代际变化特征为60年代最湿润;70年代北部明显变干,南部不明显;80年代干湿气候存在一次突变,半干旱与半湿润界线明显东移,为最干期;90年代又跳跃性西移,明显变湿,尤其在北部表现更为显著,接近60年代。辽西的气候干湿年代际变化与西太平洋副热带高压和东南季风波动有较好的对应关系。